Bade Language
Bade Language
Bade is a language, spoken in Nigeria. Similar to many other Western African languages, Bade is a vulnerable language at great risk of extinction.[1] With 250,000 speakers[2], the language and the culture of the Bade people have suffered over the last several years. As the language continues to fade, the culture and historic value associated with the language perishes as well. The local dialect is shifting from Bade to Hausa[2]. Across West Africa, the impact on local communities through the loss of the indigenous tongues will be significant. The endangerment of the Bade language represents the worldwide language diversity that is at risk.[3] Many African languages have only received little linguistic attention, impacting these African languages. [4]
Classification
Bade is classified under the following categories: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.1, Bade Proper. [2]
| Bade | |
|---|---|
| Badanci, Bedde, Bede, Gidgid | |
| Nigeria | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
Native speakers | 250,000 (2007) |
Chadic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bde |
History of Bade
Bade is an African language that is currently spoken in Nigeria. While historical information about the Bade language is limited in scope, many words in the Bade language take root in the Kanuri language. [5] The Kanuri language is primarily spoken in West Africa, including: Nigeria and Chad. Bade and Ngizim have borrowed a number of words from the Kanuri language. [5] The Bade language itself originates from the Badr of Yemen and the Prophet Muhammad purportedly drove the Bade people out after a failure to pray. [5] Currently, as one of the many Nigerian endangered languages, bade serves as a local dialect. In general, Nigerian languages comprise the wealth of linguistic diversity that exists in the country.[6] Over the years, colonization has also played a role in the deteroriation of local languages.[7]
Geographic distribution
The speakers of the Bade language are centered in Nigeria. It is spoken in the northern part of Yobe State, Nigeria. [8]
Official status
The language is not the official language of Nigeria or any other country.
Dialects/Varieties
There are three dialects of the Bade language that coincide with regions, including the following[2]:
- Gashua Bade (Mazgarwa)
- Southern Bade (Bade-Kado)
- Western Bade (Amshi, Maagwaram, Shirawa)
Phonology of Bade
Most West Chadic languages have a similar consonant inventory separated into eight major groups: labialized laryngeal, laryngeal, labialized velar, velar, lateral, alveopalatal, alveolar, and labial.[9] In the Bade/Ngizim languages, the glottal stop plays no role, but the vowel hiatus relies on elision and coalescence. The sounds also feature a "yawning" and has a shift from fricative to stop. [9]
Grammar
Morphology/Syntax
Vocabulary/Lexis
The Bade language has a strong root in the Kanuri langage. There are many loanwords from Kanuri to West Chadi languages, including Bade. [10] Bade is commonly grouped with the Ngizim language. As an example, the word 'healthy' is 'nga' in the Kanuri language and 'ngā' in the Ngizim language. [10] More recently, the Hausa language has influenced the Bade language.[11]
Writing System
The Bade language uses a Latin script writing script.[2] The Latin script is the most widely used writing system in the world, serving as the system for the English language as well. [12]
Examples
The following is an example of speaking example:http://aflang.linguistics.ucla.edu/Bade/bade.html.
References
External links
Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2015). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (18th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- ^ Blench, R (2007). "Endangered Languages".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e "Enthnologue Bade".
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Whalen, D.H. (2012). "Endangered language families". Language. 88: 155–173.
- ^ Lupke, Friederike (2009). "At the margin - African Endangered Languages in the Context of Global Endangerment Discourses". African Research & Documentation: 15–41.
- ^ a b c Schuh, R.G. (2003). "The linguistic influence of Kanuri on Bade and Ngizim" (PDF). Maiduguri Journal of Linguistic and Literary Studies: 55–89.
- ^ Conrad Max Benedict, B (1993). "Democratisation of Language Use in Public Domains in Nigeria". The Journal of Modern African Studies: 639.
- ^ Novak, Amy (2008). "Who speaks? Who listens?: The problem of address in two Nigerian trauma novels". Studies in The Novel: 31.
- ^ Schuh, Russell (2009). "Yobe Languages Research Project".
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ a b Schuh, Russell (2002). "Overview of Bade/Ngizim of Phonology" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ a b Schuh, Russell (2002). "The Phonology and Morphology of Bade and Ngizim".
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Schuh, Russell (1997). "Changes in Obstruent Voicing in Bade/Ngizim" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "Latin".
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