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Edith Rigby

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Edith Rigby
Born1872
Died1948
Political partyLabour party

Edith Rigby was a suffragette associated with the Women's Social and Political Union. Although she has been widely held responsible for the burning of William Hesketh Lever's Roynton Cottage in June 1913, a recent study casts doubt on her actual involvement.[1][2] A contemporary of Christabel and Sylvia Pankhurst, she was nevertheless a passionate activist in the cause of women's suffrage, as well as a keen advocate of workers' rights, education for all and protection of the environment. 

a contemporary of Christabel and Sylvia Pankhurst.

Biography

Born Edith Rayner on St Luke's Day (18 October) in 1872 in Preston, Lancashire, she was one of seven children of Dr Alexander Clement Rayner and was educated at Penrhos College in North Wales.[3][4] She married Dr Charles Rigby and lived with him in Winckley Square in Preston. From an early age she questioned the differences between working-class and middle-class women and after she was married she worked hard to improve the lives of women and girls working in local mills. In 1899, she founded St Peter's School, which allowed these women to meet and continue their education which otherwise would have stopped at the age of 11.[5] [6] At home, she was critical of her neighbours' treatment of their servants. The Rigbys had servants themselves, but allowed them certain unconventional freedoms such as being able to eat in the dining-room and not having to wear uniforms.[7]

Activism

In 1907 she formed the Preston branch of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).[8] Rigby was a suffragette recruiter gathering new members from amongst the local Labour Party including Eleanor Higginson who became a lifelong friend.[9] Rigby took part in a march to the Houses of Parliament in London with Christabel and Sylvia Pankhurst in 1908. Fifty-seven women, including Rigby, were arrested and sentenced to a month in prison.[6] During this time (and her subsequent sentences, seven in total) Rigby took part in hunger strikes and was subjected to force-feeding.[6][7] Her activism included planting a pipe bomb in the Liverpool Corn Exchange on 5 July 1913 and on 7 July 1913 setting fire to Lord Leverhulme's bungalow at Rivington Pike.[6] The property contained a number of valuable paintings and the attack resulted in damage costing £20,000.[10] Afterwards she said:

I want to ask Sir William Lever whether he thinks his property on Rivington Pike is more valuable as one of his superfluous houses occasionally opened to people, or as a beacon lighted to King and Country to see here are some intolerable grievances for women.[7]

Rigby disagreed with the WSPU's decision not to campaign on suffrage issues during World War I. She joined the Independent Women's Social and Political Union split, forming a branch in Preston.[11]

Later life

Edith Rigby plaque in Preston.

According to Elizabeth Ashworth in Champion Lancastrians, Rigby was the first lady to ride a bicycle in Preston.[6] During World War I, she bought a cottage near Preston named Marigold Cottage and used it to produce food for the war effort.[7] With short hair and wearing men's clothes, she grew fruit and vegetables and kept animals and bees, following the teachings of Rudolf Steiner.[6] She had a happy marriage with her husband, who retired and lived with her at her cottage.[6] They adopted a son called Sandy.[6] In the 1920s Rigby was a founding member and the president of the Hutton and Howick Women's Institute.[7]

In 1926, shortly after the death of her husband, Rigby moved to North Wales.[6] She continued to follow Steiner's work, forming an "Anthroposophical Circle" of her own, and visiting one of his schools in New York.[6] Into old age she enjoyed a healthy lifestyle, bathing in the sea, fell walking and meditating in the early hours of every morning.[6] She eventually suffered from Parkinson's disease and died in 1948 near Llandudno, Wales.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Halton, Maurice J. "William Lever and Edith Rigby - An examination of the evidence relating to the burning of Roynton Cottage at Rivington, Lancashire on Tuesday 8th July 1913" A Paper [http://englishessaypartners.co.uk/data/documents/William-Lever-and-Edith-Rigby.pdf
  2. ^ Halton, Maurice J. "New light shed on 100 year-old mystery of one of Bolton's most notorious historical events" The Bolton News [Bolton] 13 July 2013:[accessed 28 Jan 2017: http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/10530886.New_light_shed_on_100_year_old_mystery_of_one_of_Bolton_s_most_notorious_historical_events/]
  3. ^ Crawford, Elizabeth (2001). The Women's Suffrage Movement: a reference guide, 1866–1928. Routledge. pp. 598–599. ISBN 0-415-23926-5.
  4. ^ Hesketh, Phoebe (1966) My Aunt Edith. London: Peter Davies; p. 2
  5. ^ Roberts, Marian. "Biography of Mrs Edith Rigby". WinckleySquare.org.uk. Retrieved 31 May 2007.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ashworth, Elizabeth (2006). Champion Lancastrians. Sigma Leisure. pp. 79–82. ISBN 1-85058-833-3.
  7. ^ a b c d e Oldfield, Sybil (1994). This Working-day World: women's lives and culture(s) in Britain, 1914–1945. Taylor & Francis. p. 29. ISBN 0-7484-0108-3.
  8. ^ "Avenham Walks – Stop 7 – Edith Rigby". Avenham Walks. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Brown, H. (2004-09-23). Higginson [née Ellis], Eleanor Beatrice (1881–1969), suffragette. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 29 Nov. 2017, from http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-70139.
  10. ^ Mrs Rigby committed to trial, The Times, 18 July 1913, page 14, column c.
  11. ^ Smith, Harold L. (2009). The British Women's Suffrage Campaign 1866-1928. Routledge. p. 80. ISBN 978-1408228234.
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