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Rust (video game)

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Rust
Developer(s)Facepunch Studios
Publisher(s)Facepunch Studios
Producer(s)Ben Doverson
Designer(s)Mo Lester
Artist(s)Peter Phile
EngineUnity
Platform(s)Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux
Release8 February 2018
Genre(s)Action-adventure, survival
Mode(s)Multiplayer

Rust is a survival PvP video game with some PvE elements developed and published by Facepunch Studios for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux. The game only features multiplayer modes. Rust was initially created as a clone of DayZ, a popular mod for ARMA 2 with the addition of crafting elements. Originally released onto Steam's early access program in December 2013, the game was fully released in February 2018.

The objective of the game is to survive in the wilderness by crafting items using the materials gathered or stolen; the player starts with only a rock and a torch. There is only a multiplayer mode and a prevalent concept in Rust is to form and join clans with other players. Raiding is a very common action, usually done in large clans. Since Rust's first alpha launch, animals, hunting and the ability to craft armor and weapons have been added. It initially featured zombies as enemies, but subsequently replaced them with bears and wolves. Radiation was also removed due to the frustration it was causing players, although it was later reintroduced.

Throughout Rust's alpha release, it was met with mixed critical reviews and many comparisons with other survival games were made, with the most common one being the mixture between DayZ and Minecraft. During its early access phase, critics praised the game's concept and gameplay. By March 2017, Rust had sold over five million copies. Upon being fully released, the game received average reviews.

Gameplay

The player using the starting rock to gather wood

Rust pits players against each other in a harsh, open world environment with the sole goal being to survive. Animals, such as wolves and bears, represent a threat to new players, but the primary danger comes from other players.[1] The player vs player combat is accomplished with bows, melee weapons and craftable guns.[2] Bullets and other projectiles travel via a ballistic trajectory.[3] There are multiple different types of bullets for each gun.[4] Damage is calculated using hit tracking,[3] meaning shots to the head are more damaging than shots to other parts of the body.[5] Weapon attachments, such as holosights, can be used to provide an advantage over opponents.[6] In order to survive, the player must craft tools, build bases, and team with other players. Unlike many other sandbox games, Rust only features a multiplayer mode.[1]

Upon starting a new character, the player will have only a rock and a torch, the former of which can be used to cut down trees and break apart stones. In order to survive in the world, the player must gather resources such as wood and stone and use these resources to craft tools, weapons and other gear.[7] The player can gather cloth, food, stone, metal ore, sulfur ore and wood by killing animals, mining rocks and chopping trees.[8] To craft items, players must have all of the required items. Sophisticated items require more materials, alongside consumables called components; items scattered around the map.[9] Players begin with limitations on the items they can craft. Items called blueprints allow the player to craft more advanced items.[10] An important element in Rust are airdrops.[11] These are parachute-equipped pallets of supplies that are delivered via a propeller plane, and can be seen coming in over extremely long distances, resulting in players sometimes running towards the airdrop.[5] There are also other entities that drop advanced loot, including an attack helicopter.[4]

The player must stay well fed or they will die of starvation. There are other challenges the player may face during gameplay, such as drowning, hypothermia and attacks from wildlife (primarily from bears and wolves).[12] Specific locales around the map are radioactive. There are three levels of radiation: low, medium, and high. Players must wear the correct armour or clothing if they wish to enter these areas, as they risk dying if they do so without.[13] A prevalent concept in Rust is to form a "clan" with other players. These clans usually create housing for their members, provide items and supplies to each other and partake in organized raiding of other players and looting.[14]

Development

A comparison of two different updates of Rust, the top one being earlier than the latter in terms of development. Additionally, the bottom uses an updated game engine.

Rust's development began as a clone of DayZ, a popular mod for ARMA 2, while also featuring elements derived from Minecraft.[15] Garry Newman, the CEO of Facepunch Studios, said "Rust started off as a DayZ clone. But then we decided that we are sick of fighting zombies. And can't compete with the Arma island in terms of landmarks and towns".[16] The game was released onto Steam's Early Access program on December 11, 2013.[17] Following its initial alpha launch, updates for Rust were released, adding mechanics such as animals, hunting, armor and weapons. In February 2014, zombies were removed from Rust and replaced with black bears and wolves.[18] Early on in the development, the choice was made not to try to populate the world with interesting locations to explore, but rather give the players the ability to create such places. Newman described it as "we give them the tools, they make the world".[19] One of the aims of the developers was to create a world which doesn't encourage any particular kind of behavior from players. They considered implementing a system similar to DayZ in which players who kill other players get unique outfits that identify them as 'bandits', or possibly a rating or color-coded system. However, the developers ultimately rejected all of these, as they felt it would detract from player freedom.[16] Instead, they found to their surprise that the implementation of voice chat had a noticeable effect on player behavior. With the ability to communicate, many players would no longer kill each other on sight out of fear.[19]

In late 2014, an "experimental mode" for Rust was released and the game was ported onto Unity 5.[20] The experimental mode featured a new anti-cheat system called CheatPunch, which banned over 4,621 cheaters.[21] In October 2014, the experimental mode became the default launch option.[22] Shortly after, CheatPunch was replaced with EasyAntiCheat, a third-party anti-cheat.[23] In the original game, the heads-up display featured statistics such as health, hunger and radiation level.[12] These were later replaced, the radiation level was changed to thirst[20] and hidden statistics such as hypothermia were also added.[24] Monuments used to contain radiation hazards, but the hazard was removed in a later update because of the annoyance it was causing players.[25][26] Radiation, having been removed earlier in 2016, was reintroduced in November, but was "reprogrammed from the ground up",[13] in the sense that instead of each location having the same levels of radiation, different levels were added, ranging from low, medium, and high. Initially, no areas were designated as being high, due to the risk of "it somehow breaking the game".[13]

In July 2015, female models were added to the game but were only available for server administrators in order to test them. Similar to the skin color attribute, users will be automatically assigned a gender which is permanently linked to their Steam account.[27] Later in 2015, cosmetic items for guns, clothing and other objects were added to the game. When Valve introduced the "Item Stores", Rust was the first game on Steam to use the feature.[28] The Steam Community Market was also selling the cosmetics, resulting in clashing prices, with some being cheaper in the store and some being more expensive.[29][30]

Blueprints, one of the prevalent concepts in Rust, were removed in July 2016 and replaced with an experience system where players could level up after completing tasks, such as gathering wood.[31][32] Lead developer Maurino Berry mentioned in a Reddit post that there was a chance the experience system would no longer exist in the future. Prior to saying this, Berry wrote in one of the devblogs "the XP system had huge praise until it was released, and then lots of people hated it".[33] In early November 2016, the experience system was replaced with components.[9] Players originally had an initial list of items they could craft,[31] but it was changed to having everything immediately and needing components to craft items.[9] Upon the game's official release, blueprints were reinstated.[10]

Garry Newman said in early 2017 that had early access not existed, Rust would have been fully released as a game by then. The development team plans to add more content to the game before taking it out of it.[34] In June 2017, the game's gun mechanics were altered to be more similar to "traditional first-person shooters".[34] This was achieved through reducing recoil, material costs, and improving overall accuracy.[3] This update also saw the beginnings of a "much-need overhaul" of Hapis Island, the game's only non-procedurally-generated map.[3] The game left early access and was officially released on 8 February 2018,[35] alongside graphical and gun changes.[36] Newman mentioned that despite the official release, regular updates would continue, noting the update cycle would change from weekly to monthly as to not "rush in features and fixes that end up breaking something else".[35]

Reception

Within the first two weeks of Rust's alpha release it sold over 150,000 copies,[37] whereas Garry's Mod had sold 34,000 within the same amount of time.[38] Rust sales hit one million after two months as an Early Access title[17] and by the end of 2015, 3 million copies had been sold.[39] By February 2014, Rust had overtaken Garry's Mod in terms of sales, making over US$30 million,[40] and by March 2017, the game had sold more than 5.2 million units, alongside more than 1.2 million in-game skins sold.[41] Other games, such as The Forest, Just Survive, Ark: Survival Evolved,[42] and 7 Days to Die were compared to Rust due to the open world survival aspect, along with having crafting mechanics similar to Rust.[43]

In early access

Rust received mixed reviews through its alpha release, with many noting the unfinished state of the game.[44][45] PC Gamer's Andy Chalk said Rust was a great use of Early Access and even though "it's far from finished", it's ready to be played.[46] GameSpot's Shaun McInnis said that the early 2014 version was "rough around the edges" and "littered with bugs", albeit entertaining and with potential.[45] Matthew Cox of Rock, Paper, Shotgun said it was good that the developers switched to the Unity engine in late 2014 due to the instability of the game. He found many glitches in the late 2014 version, including unresponsive animals, framerate issues and unstable servers.[20]

"Rust is not a game about identity. The objective in Rust is to survive. This is made difficult by things such as starvation, dehydration, radiation, exposure and bear attacks. The biggest threat in the game comes from other players who are trying to survive in the same conditions. You will survive better if you’re a part of a group, but this takes a lot of mutual trust. If you kill someone you’ll be able to loot their corpse and take all their food, medicine and weapons. This makes the game very interesting socially, since players struggle with trust and slowly build up relationships with one another."

Garry Newman, founder of Facepunch Studios[47]

The game was compared to Minecraft and DayZ, among other games by Kotaku and IGN writers. Kotaku's Luke Plunkett noted the difficulty of the video game and compared it to the aforementioned games, saying the player will get used to the "Game Over" screen.[48] IGN's Mitch Dyer criticised Rust, saying it's "a semi-broken game that's difficult to recommend due to the challenging and frustrating gameplay." Later in the review, however, Dyer said there were some moments that made the game "unforgettable" and "more interesting than its inspiration."[49]

The inability to choose and design the character the player played as in the game was both commended and criticised. The YouTube channel Extra Credits commended Rust for promoting diversity by randomly selecting a player's in-game race and tying it to their Steam ID, forcing players to experience the game as a different race than they would normally experience, thereby promoting a greater level of empathy for what it might be like to be someone of different ethnicity than the player.[50] The lack of communication between Facepunch and the community when adding female models was criticised by David Craddock of Shacknews.[51] In response to the criticism, Garry Newman commented that he had felt some trepidation towards adding the racial feature, fearing that it might be seen as just the original character model "blacked up", and stressed how the chosen ethnicity was permanent as "just like in real life, you are who you are".[52] Newman discussed the reasoning behind not giving the option to choose the gender and race of the player's character in an article on The Guardian, saying Rust is about survival, not characterization and identity.[47] When female models were added, sales reportedly increased by 74%.[53][54]

Full release

Upon full release, Rust saw varying reception, garnering "mixed or average" reviews on review aggregator website Metacritic.[55] The game's exploration and fighting features were praised, while its unfriendly and repetitive design, graphics and technical problems were criticized.[56][58]

GameInformer gave the game an average review, calling its features "archaic" and its world "deadly and tedious".[56] In a negative review, GameSpot called the game "disappointing", commenting on its "lack of survival depth" and "inclination to only reward time served instead of clever play".[57] Both reviewers commented on the game's technical issues and poor character models and animations.[56][57]

References

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