Butia campicola
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| Butia campicola | |
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| Species: | B. campicola
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| Binomial name | |
| Butia campicola (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick [2004]
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Butia campicola is a very small species of palm native to the cerrados of central Paraguay[2] and south-central Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.[1] In Paraguay it occurs in the departments of Canindeyú, Cordillera (in 1895) and San Pedro (in 2000).[2][3][4] It grows in open, sandy spots in grasslands,[2] in deep soils.[1]
Etymology
The species epithet campicola is derived from its preferred habitat; the campos, Portuguese for grassland.[1]
Taxonomy & history
It was first collected by the Swiss botanist Emile Hassler in the Sierra de Mbaracayú and in Piribebuy in 1895.[2] It was formally described by João Barbosa Rodrigues in 1900 as Cocos campicola.[1] Subsequently it was never seen again.[2] In 1996 it was rated as 'endangered' in a publication of the IUCN, in which rediscovery was mentioned as a priority.[5] The species was rediscovered that same year by Belen Jiménez in one of the areas it was first collected, in the grasslands of the Aguara Ñu in what was by now the Mbaracayú Forest Nature Reserve; this was published in 1998.[2] Noblick excluded it from the 1998 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[6]
In 1916 Odoardo Beccari moved this taxon from Cocos to Syagrus along with many South American Cocos taxa.[1] By 1995 a number of researchers had been convinced it was in fact a species of Butia, and had taken to calling it as such, despite it never being formally moved to Butia (fide Henderson et al. [1995], IUCN [1996]).[2] Noblick finally did this in 2004.[7]
Description
It is a very small palm with a short, squat, subterranean truck, usually single-stemmed, approximately 15cm in diameter.[1] It may sometimes, rarely, branch underground with 2-3 heads.[8] The entire plant is less than 1m in height,[2] the thin leaflets and invisible trunk make it most resemble a tuft of grass.[7] The 3-9 arching leaves have a 4-20cm petiole and 19-77cm rachis. The 25-62cm pinnae (leaflets) are evenly arranged 2cm apart in a single plane on each side, so that each pinnae pair makes a neat 'V'-shape. There are 6-16 pinnae per side. The 40-70cm peduncular bract is woody and smooth, The inflorescence is simple, very rarely branched, with a peduncle of 42-77cm and a flower spike 9-21cm long. The oval fruit are 1.8 x 1.5cm and greenish-purple, with sweet-sour, yellow flesh and almost always a single seed.[1]
Similar species
According to Barbosa Rodrigues in 1900 it is quite similar to Syagrus petraea, especially in habitus, but the fruit and flowers are very different.[2] According to Noblick in 2006 it is most similar to Butia leptospatha, differing by having a much larger, longer and more robust peduncular bract and inflorescence, the bract width being thicker and the texture more leathery.[7] Deble et al. in 2006 compare it to B. lallemantii; noting it is much smaller, branches much less often and less when it does, and has different shaped and coloured fruit.[8] According to Soares in 2015 it can distinguished from all other acaulescent Butia species which possess an inflorescence passing beyond the length of the peduncular bract, by having the longest leaf rachis.[1]
It occurs in the same range as Butia arenicola, B. exospadix, B. lepidotispatha, B. leptospatha, and B. paraguayensis.[1]
Conservation
It is protected within the Mbaracayú Forest Nature Reserve.[2] The IUCN briefly rated it as 'endangered' between 1996-1998 in a period when nothing was known about the species and it hadn't been recorded in 103 years.[5][6] Soares in 2015 opined it is rare and threatened due to its preferential deep-soiled habitat which is also perfect for agriculture.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Soares, Kelen Pureza (2015). "Le genre Butia". Principes (in French). 1: 12–57. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jiménez, Belen; Knapp, Sandra (1998). "Palms of the Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, Paraguay (Mbaracayú Natural Forest Reserve)" (PDF). Principes. 42 (2): 65–79. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
- ^ Jiménez, Belen; Knapp, Sandra; Marín, G.; Peña-Chocarro, Maria C. (2000). "Listado preliminar de plantas vasculares de la Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, Paraguay". Rojasiana (in Spanish). 5 (2): 101–290. ISSN 1026-0889.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Peña-Chocarro, Maria C.; Espada-Mateos, Cristina; Vera, María; Céspedes, Gloria; Knapp, Sandra (18 November 2010). Updated checklist of vascular plants of the Mbaracayú Forest Nature Reserve (Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú), Paraguay (PDF). Vol. 12. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-86977-602-2. ISSN 1179-3163. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ a b Johnson (ed.), Dennis (1996). Palms - their conservation and sustained utilization. Status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switserland: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-8317-0352-7.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ a b Noblick, Larry Ronald (1 January 1998). "Butia in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38463A10120736.en. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Noblick, Larry Ronald (1 January 2006). "The Grassy Butia: Two New Species and a New Combination". Palms. 50 (4): 167–178. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
- ^ a b Deble, Leonardo Paz; Marchiori, José Newton Cardoso (30 November 2006). "Butia lallemantii, uma nova Arecaceae do Brasil". Balduinia. Revista do Herbário do Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciencias Rurais, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (in Portuguese). 9 (9): 2. doi:10.5902/2358198014032. ISSN 2358-1980. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
campicola Category:Flora of the Cerrado Category:Vulnerable flora of South America
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a palm
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