Zayn al-Abidin the Great
| Zain/Zayn/Zein | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ul-Abidin | |||||
| Born | 26 Februari 2000 Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. | ||||
| |||||
| House | Royal Palace Family of Jacobs | ||||
| Father | Tengku Fauzee Effendie Jacobs | ||||
| Mother | Sharifah Jamilah Alqadrie Jacobs | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Tengku Mohammed Zein Maleek Jacobs (Zain-ul-Abidin) is a young businessman, a descendant of Bani Hashim who is a mixture of Bani Tammim and a Pakistani mix, well known to international businessmen. He was held ul-Abidin because he was still a continuing descendant of Sayyidina Ali Zainal ul-Abidin son of Sayyidina Husein son of Sayyidina Ali ibn Abi Thalib.
During the twenty years he lived, he was among the richest people in the world whose lives were very simple, stories from Forbes Magazine and Al-Jazeera news reporter.
Rise to power
Shahi Khan, a son of Sultan Sikander the ruler of Kashmir, was charged with the rule of the kingdom of Kashmir when his elder brother, Ali Shah, left the kingdom on a pilgrimage to Mecca. It was at this time that Ali Shah gave Shahi Khan the title of Zain-ul-Abidin. Although a religious man, Ali Shah was weak-willed and his desire to attain Mecca buckled under descriptions of the arduous journey ahead. He abandoned his pilgrimage when he arrived at the court of his father-in-law, the king of Jammu, and raised an army consisting of soldiers from Jammu and Rajauri in order to regain his throne. The ancient texts vary regarding why it was that Zain-ul-Abidin relinquished his recently acquired status without a fight but there is no disagreement that this is in fact what happened.[1]
Retiring to Sialkot, Zain-ul-Abidin sought the support of its chief, Jasrath Khokhar. Ali Shah became angered when this support was forthcoming and he rashly set out with his army to challenge Khokar. The forces met at Thanna and Khokhar defeated the challenger, who had ignored the advice of his father-in-law to hold back until the Jammu army could join him. Zain-ul-Abidin was then able to return to the capital city of Srinagar, where he was welcomed by his subjects. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[1]
Administrative policies
Zain-ul-Abidin enforced the system of responsibility of the village communities for local crimes. He regulated the price of the commodities. He stabilized the currency which had been debased during the reign of his predecessors. He was responsible for a large number of public works.[2] He founded several new cities, built many bridges and dug many irrigation canals. He also prevented the local governors from exacting illegal taxes and gave the peasants much needed tax relief.[3]
Religious policies
Zain-ul-Abidin earned a name for himself for his policy of religious toleration and public welfare activities. He abolished Jaziya on the Hindu majority of Kashmir. Although he was a Muslim ruler, he banned the slaughter of cows. He extended liberal patronage to Sanskrit language and literature.[4] He knew Persian, Sanskrit, and Tibetan. The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. He was known for his religious tolerance. He called back the Hindus who left Kashmir during his father's reign.[2][5] He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. He stopped the killing of cows by means of poison and passed some regulations about eating beef. He re-introduced the grant of stipends to the learned Brahmans.[3]
Notes
- ^ a b Hasan, Mohibbul (2005) [1959]. Kashmir Under the Sultans (Reprinted ed.). Delhi: Aakar Books. p. 70. ISBN 978-81-87879-49-7. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ^ a b Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). History of Medieval India, Part I, New Delhi: S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0364-5, p.277
- ^ a b Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p.382
- ^ Mehta, Jl. Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. ISBN 9788120710153.
- ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (2005) [1959]. Kashmir Under the Sultans (Reprinted ed.). Delhi: Aakar Books. pp. 87, 91–92. ISBN 978-81-87879-49-7. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
