Hammudid dynasty
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2011) |
The Hammudid dynasty (Arabic: بنو حمود, romanized: Banū Ḥammūd) was an Arab Muslim[1][2] dynasty that briefly ruled the Caliphate of Córdoba[3][4] and the taifas of Málaga and Algeciras and nominal control in Ceuta.[1] Muslim historians Ibn al-Athir and Al-Nuwayri described Hammudids such as Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun as Shi'ite[5]. The Hammudids were a branch of the Zaydi[6][7][8][9] Idrisids.
The dynasty
The dynasty is named after their ancestor, Hammud, a descendant of Idris ibn Abdallah, whose ancestors had established themselves among the Berber tribes of northern Morocco.[10] When Sulayman ibn al-Hakam carved out Andalusian land for his Berber allies, two members of the Hammudid family were given the governorship of Algeciras, Ceuta and Tangier. The Hammudids thus gained control of the traffic across the Straits of Gibraltar, suddenly becoming a powerful force. Claiming to act on behalf of the dethroned Hicham II, the Hammudi governor of Ceuta Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir marched upon Córdoba in the year 1016, where he was crowned Caliph.
In 1056, the last Hammudid Caliph was dethroned, losing Malaga to the Zirids of Granada,[11] who had previously been the Hammudids' most important supporters. The Hammudi family was then forced to settle in Ceuta.
References
- ^ a b Viguera-Molins 2010, pp. 26–27.
- ^ Bosworth 2004, p. 15.
- ^ Lane-Poole (1894), p.21
- ^ Altamira, Rafael (1999). "Il califfato occidentale". Storia del mondo medievale. Vol. vol. II. pp. 477–515.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Peter C. Scales, The Fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba, 1993
- ^ Ibn Abī Zarʻ al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh (1340), Rawḍ al-Qirṭās: Anīs al-Muṭrib bi-Rawd al-Qirṭās fī Akhbār Mulūk al-Maghrib wa-Tārīkh Madīnat Fās, ar-Rabāṭ: Dār al-Manṣūr (published 1972), p. 38
- ^ Ignác Goldziher & Bernard Lewis, Introduction to Islamic theology and law, Princeton University Press (1981), p. 218
- ^ James Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 24, Kessinger Publishing (2003), p. 844
- ^ Abd Ar Rahman ibn Khaldun (translated by Franz Rosenthal), The Muqaddimah, Chap III : On dynasties, royal authority, the caliphate, government ranks, and all that goes with these things, on www.muslimphilosophy.com
- ^ Hammudids, A. Huici Miranda, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. III, ed. B. Lewis, V.L. Menage, C. Pellat and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 147;"HAMMUDIDS, dynasty which reigned over various towns in Muslim Spain from 407/1016 till 450/1058. Sulayman al-Musta'm [q.v.], on his second succession to the caliphal throne in Shawwal 4O3/ May 1013, had to distribute large fiefs among the Berbers who had raised him to power. He allotted to 'Ali b. Hammud the governorship of Ceuta and to his brother al-Kasim that of Algeciras, Tangier, and Arzila. The two were genuine Idrisids [q.v.], their great-grandfather Hammud being the great-grandson of Idris II."
- ^ Collins 2012, p. 203.
Bibliography
- Scales, Peter (1994). The Fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba: Berbers and Andalusis in Conflict. Vol. vol. II. BRILL. pp. 38–109 & 142–182. ISBN 9789004098688.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 14–16. ISBN 9780748621378.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894). The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historicals Introductions. Constable. pp. 23–25.
- Viguera-Molins, María (2010). "Al-Andalus and the Maghrib (from the fifth/eleventh century to the fall of the Almoravids)". In Fierro, Maribel (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 2: The Western Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–47. ISBN 978-0-521-83957-0.
- Collins, Roger (2012). Caliphs and Kings: Spain 796-1031. Wiley-Blackwell.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
