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Azz-ud-din Mirza

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Azz-ud-din Mirza
BornAzz-ud-din
c. 1691
Died12 December 1744(1744-12-12) (aged 52–53)
Delhi
HouseTimurid
FatherJahandar Shah

Azz-ud-din Mirza (1691 – 12 December 1744) was a Mughal prince and son of emperor Jahandar Shah. He accompanied his father to Lahore during the 1707 Mughal war of succession. In 1714, he was blinded by emperor Farrukhsiyar.

Early and personal life

Azz-ud-din was the eldest son of Mughal emperor Jahandar Shah. Although his birth has not been recorded, it has been estimated that he was born in AH 1103 (1691/1692). In AH 1118 (1706/1707), he married a daughter of Amir Khan. On 23 November 1709, he married a daughter of Bidar Bakht, who was a son of Azz-ud-din's uncle Azam Shah.[1]

Career

During the 1707 Mughal war of succession, Azz-ud-din marched to Lahore along with his father Jahandar Shah on 31 March 1707 to fight Azam Shah.[2]

A succession crisis again broke in the empire following the death of Bahadur Shah I. In the war that followed, Azz-ud-din was made a prisoner by the faction led by Jahan Shah on 27 March 1712.[3] However, after Jahan Shah's death, his commanders Rustam Dil Khan and Jani Khan released Azz-ud-din.[4]

After Jahandar Shah shifted his capital to Delhi, a rumour broke of Farrukhsiyar marching to the capital spread. Subsequently, Azz-ud-din was given charge of 50,000 Mughal troops and sent to Agra to guard the borders. However, his step-mother Lal Kunwar did not trust his capabilities and hence put him under the tutelage of Khwaja Hussain and Kokaltash Khan.[5]

At late 1712, the Sayyid brothers declared their allegiance to Farrukhsiyar. In September 1712, the latter started marching towards the capital. In response, the emperor sent out Azz-ud-din to march out from Agra.[6] At Koda Jahanabad, Chabela Ram, the faujdar of Manikpur put down his request to accompany him.[7] By the end of November, Azz-ud-din reached Khajwa and started erecting entrechments at the city.[8] On 25 November, his camp was attacked by rocket-fire. Azz-ud-din retaliated by firing cannon shots to the opponent camp. By 27 November, the firing got more severe. Khawaja Hussain's request to leave the battlefield was put down by the prince. Subsequently, he forged the seal of Lal Kunwar and wrote a letter to him, falsely claiming that the emperor had died. The prince was asked to return back to the capital to ascend the throne. Thinking the letter to be genuine, Azz-ud-din left the battlefield along with his begums, and left behind the treasure chests.[9][10]

On 21 January 1714, Azz-ud-din was blinded on the instructions of Farrukhsiyar at the Tripolia Gates. The latter felt that the Sayyid brothers might challenge the throne using Azz-ud-din as a proxy.[11]

Death

Azz-ud-din died on 12 December 1744 at Delhi.[1]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Irvine, p. 242.
  2. ^ Irvine, p. 19.
  3. ^ Irvine, p. 180.
  4. ^ Irvine, p. 181.
  5. ^ Irvine, p. 191.
  6. ^ Irvine, p. 213-14.
  7. ^ Irvine, p. 215.
  8. ^ Irvine, p. 216.
  9. ^ Irvine, p. 218.
  10. ^ Sharma, p. 648-649.
  11. ^ Irvine, p. 280.

References

  • Irvine, William, The Later Mughals, Low Price Publications, ISBN 81-7536-406-8
  • R.S., Sharma (1999), Mughal Empire in India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material, Volume 3, Atlantic Publishers & Dist, ISBN 9788171568192


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