Wikipedia:Articles for creation/2006-12-18
Kenneth E. Tyler, biographical overview
KENNETH E. TYLER (1931- ) BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILE
Kenneth Tyler is one of the foremost contemporary printer-publishers, specializing in limited edition fine art graphics, multiples, and unique works of art. Throughout his career, he has collaborated with artists to create editions of the highest creative and technical quality. Noted for his innovative use of combined print media, and stretching the boundaries of scale, he is credited with blurring distinctions between painted, sculptural, and printed expression.
Tyler's extensive training in the arts and industry has enabled him to uniquely respond creatively to artists' needs. After receiving a Bachelor of Art Education degree from the Art Institute of Chicago in 1957, he briefly taught art. He then worked in sales research for a steel company, during which time he became a member of the Metallurgical Society of America and worked with corporations such as IBM. He resumed his formal education in 1962, graduating with a Master of Art Education Degree from the John Herron School of Art in Indianapolis in 1963. That year he received a Ford Foundation Grant to further study printmaking in Los Angeles at The Tamarind Lithography Workshop, where he later served as Technical Director from 1964-1965.
In 1965, Tyler founded his first workshop, Gemini Ltd., in Los Angeles, and the following year, formed the expanded Gemini G.E.L. His pursuit of new materials and techniques spurred projects that ultimately redefined the scale and complexity of contemporary printmaking. Tyler was awarded a grant in 1967 from The National Endowment for the Arts for the research and development of paper, inks, embossing, and three-dimensional works. In 1971, a retrospective exhibition, Technics and Creativity: Gemini G.E.L., was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, honoring the workshop's creative output.
In 1974 Tyler relocated to New York and founded Tyler Graphics Ltd. in Bedford Village, New York. There he opened his own paper mill, advancing papermaking as a major medium from which artists could make original works, and developing large-scale colored paper pulp as substrates for printing. In the course of the next eighteen years, Tyler aided in revolutionizing colored and pressed paper pulp, pushing the medium with one pioneering project following the next, beginning with Frank Stella’s ‘Paper Reliefs’ in 1975, then Ellsworth Kelly’s ‘Colored Paper Images’ in 1976, Kenneth Noland’s ‘Handmade Paper Project’ and David Hockney’s spectacular ‘Paper Pools’ of 1978, James Rosenquist’s ‘Welcome to the Water Planet and House of Fire’ mural-size works in 1989, and Robert Motherwell’s printed colored papers in 1992.
In 1986 Tyler built an even more elaborate facility, moving the workshop to Mount Kisco, New York. The custom-designed space included a gallery, paper mill, and facilities for all fine art printmaking media: intaglio, lithography, screenprinting, and woodblock relief printing, as well as facilities for the production of unique works and multiples. As with his former workshops, Tyler designed new presses to accommodate the ever-increasing potential of print and papermaking media. In Mount Kisco he engineered a computer controlled, power driven combination lithography and etching press with a five-by-ten foot printing bed, and a massive hydraulic platen press capable of printing 98 x 128 inches under 500 tons of pressure. Previous to this, he designed several hydraulic lithography presses (his first in 1965), an inking machine for spectrum rollers for lithography, and products such as a riser scaffold system (which he invented in 1957 and patented in 1961). In 1978, needing rigid archival honeycomb paper panels for three-dimensional work with Frank Stella, Tyler created ‘Tycore,’ which he patented and registered.
In 1982 the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis acquired the Tyler Graphics archive (comprised of prints dating back to 1965 from Gemini Ltd., Gemini G.E.L., and Tyler Graphics Ltd.), opening the collection formally to the public in 1984 as the Tyler Graphics Archive and McKnight Study Room, and launching the exhibition Prints from Tyler Graphics in honor of the event.
In 1990 the Museum of Modern Art, New York, exhibited the ‘James Rosenquist: Welcome to the Water Planet’ prints, a project representing Tyler's first collaboration with Rosenquist which resulted in ten painting-size works (the largest is 8 x 10 feet) combining lithography collage over colored, pressed paper pulp. In 1992 a travelling retrospective, Innovation in Collaborative Printmaking: Kenneth Tyler, 1963-1992, originated at the Yokohama Museum of Art, Yokohama, and traveled extensively throughout Japan. The scope of the exhibition extended from Tyler's previous decades of printing and publishing through current projects still in progress or newly completed, including two mural-size prints shown for the first time: Time Dust by James Rosenquist (a work spanning 35 feet and 7 feet high) and The Fountain by Frank Stella (over 7 feet high and 23 feet across). Groundbreaking in scale and complexity, these artworks demonstrated Tyler's, Rosenquist’s and Stella’s combined motivation to create a new paradigm for prints.
Concurrent with activities at the Yokohama Museum of Art, the USIS (United States Information Service) scheduled Tyler and artists John Newman and Steven Sorman to lecture in seven cities throughout Japan. During this visit, Tyler arranged for the two artists to work on innovative paper projects at the Fuji Paper Mill in Tokushima, Japan.
In 1992, Dai Nippon Printing Company acquired a collection of Tyler’s works published since 1974 and built a the Center for Contemporary Graphic Art and Tyler Graphics Archive Collection (CCGA & TGAC) [For further details on CCGA in Japan, visit their web site: www.dnp.co.jp/gallery/ccga ], a modern museum which had its grand opening in April 1995, in Sukagawa City, Fukushima, 400 miles north of Tokyo. The center is the only facility of its kind dedicated to fine art prints, multiples, and graphic design. Currently, in its ninth year of operation and presenting its 30th exhibition (Helen Frankenthaler: The Woodcuts), CCGA continues to “foster a deeper understanding of, and closer affinity to prints by more people.” Frank Stella & Kenneth Tyler: A Unique 30-Year Collaboration, a retrospective originated at The Walker Art Center, was shown at CCGA (March-May 1998), then traveled to The Kawamura Museum where its curator, Nobuyuki Hiromoto, enlarged the exhibition to include large-scale sculptures and paintings and produced a major museum catalogue.
In 1999, Tyler’s printing/publishing achievements were celebrated in two exhibitions. One was at the Singapore Art Museum, entitled Impression to Form, Selected Works from the Singapore Art Museum’s Tyler Art Collection. The second, Kenneth Tyler, Thirty Years of Printmaking, a retrospective curated by Judith Goldman and organized by Curatorial Assistance and Tyler Graphics Ltd., toured across the United States, with its final venue in late 2001 at the California Center for the Arts. On view in both exhibitions were prints from some of Tyler’s earliest collaborations, including David Hockney’s ‘A Hollywood Collection’ (1965), and Jasper Johns’ ‘Color Numeral Series' (1969).
The Singapore Art Museum (SAM) has both series in their permanent collection, along with approximately 1,500 works from Tyler’s personal collection, now owned by Singapore’s National Heritage Board.
However, the largest and most comprehensive archiving of Tyler’s many years of collaboration rests with The National Gallery of Australia, in Canberra. [For details regarding the National Gallery of Australia, visit: www.nga.gov.au and click on the Ken Tyler Collection]. The NGA has been collecting Tyler’s prints since 1973, when the gallery acquired some 600 prints, rare proofs and related drawings from Tyler. NGA has continually built upon this collection, especially in recent years. In 2002, NGA acquired 2200 prints, proofs and documentary items, giving the collection a historic breadth spanning from 1965 to the present. Eighteen years ago, NGA honored Tyler's long-time achievements with a major exhibition: Ken Tyler: Printer Extraordinary, and the publication of the book, Ken Tyler, Master Printer and the American Print Renaissance in 1986, written by Pat Gilmour. In 2002, celebrating NGA’s 20th year and its greatly expanded collection, the museum’s print curator, Jane Kinsman, featured works by eight of the artists of the Tyler Collection with a show entitled, The Big Americans -- Josef Albers, Helen Frankenthaler, David Hockney, Jasper Johns, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Motherwell, Robert Rauschenberg, and Frank Stella at Tyler’s Studios.
In addition to his innovative projects with artists, Tyler has participated as a guest artist and lecturer internationally, and as a juror for art exhibtions since 1964. In 1996 he received an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Alfred University, Alfred, New York. In 1998, Tyler was awarded a second honorary Doctoral degree from The Atlanta College of Art, Atlanta, Georgia. In 2002, he was named the recipient of the Dieu Donné Art Award (celebrating the papermill’s 25th anniversary,) to honor Tyler “for a lifetime of extraordinary collaboration with artists creating landmark works of art….”
Also in 2002, Tyler lectured at the University of Michigan's School of Art and Design as an invitee of their Distinguished Vistors Program. An exhibit containing works printed and published by Tyler with artists including Josef Albers, Helen Frankenthaler, Jasper Johns, Claes Oldenburg, Kenneth Price, Robert Rauschenberg, Richard Smith and Frank Stella was on view at the University of Michigan's Museum of Art during Tyler's visit. Later that year, he lectured and gave printmaking workshop demonstrations at the Dieu Donné award ceremony in New York City, the National Institute of Arts (Canberra), and the Australian Print Workshop (Fitzroy, Victoria).
Tyler's most recent and ambitious collaboration for advancing fine art printmaking has been the development of the Singapore Tyler Print Institute (STPI) [For information on STPI in Singapore, go to: www.stpi.com.sg ]. In a state-of-the-art facility, and with a new generation of Master Printers and trainees, STPI envisons the continued growth of print and papermaking. Its inaugural exhibition, Frank Stella in 2002, opened in April 2002, and was followed by Tear Up The Rule Books.
In 2003, some of Tyler’s early prints, his own work from 1964, was included in the exhibition, Making an Impression: Printmaking at The Herron School of Art. In the forward to the catalogue, Tyler enthuses that it was in the early 1960s that his lifelong passion for art, learning and teaching, and “passing on knowledge and craft to future generations” began.
In continuation of this desire to inspire future generations, Tyler Graphics made its last gift of prints to three museums in 2004: The Addison Gallery of American Art (Phillips Academy, Andover, MA, USA), The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, NY), and the Tate Modern (London, England). Tyler’s art donations amounted to more than 8000 works archived to various museums worldwide. Tyler closed down his facility and workshop in Mount Kisco in 2004.
Rodrigo Rodriguez
Rodrigo Rodriguez ,Spanish Composer, Multi instrumentalist was born in Argentina in 1978, in 1988 went to start life in Spain, Palma de Mallorca. From an early age, he started to study classical music.
After his Clasical training , he started to have interest in Asia Tradicional, and Clasical Music,Fascinated , he travelled to Japan , India,Iran, Thailand, to explore every exotic instrument.
He studies with Grand Master, Kaoru Kakizakai in the International Shakuhachi Kenshu-kan School , where now a days he is living constant in Japan.
He released of his albums in Canadian Records Company ,Oasis Productions,specializing in Ambient, World, and New Age Music.
He has performed hundreds of solo concerts, and with colaborations of musicians of diferent countrys, in prestigious Halls, theaters , like the legendary Imperial Hotel Tokyo, or NHK Music Hall Japan.
Sources
220.1.222.37 02:32, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
The Greatest Gears of War Hoax Ever?
WEN ZHUO
Congealed Human Suffering
Chindi
A chindi is the ghost of the Navajo tribe believed to be released at dying breath. The chindi is almost always considered to be an evil force, avenging some form of offense to the person. The Navajo believe that contacting such a spirit can cause illness, or death. It is also believed that a chindi can be used to cause harm upon someone else. The most famous account of the chindi is the account of the Long Salt family.
In the August-September 1967 issue of a magazine by the name of Frontier Times, John R. Winslowe wrote of his 1925 encounter with Alice Long Salt, a slender teenage girl. She told of the demise of the Long Salt family. In the periodical, she describes the believed reason for the Long Salt demise. It was believed that after two members of the tribe deceived a blind medicine man, he sent a chindi to destroy the Long Salts. Each member of the family was striken with an incurable illness, and eventually died.
Curiously, anyone marrying into the family met the same fate as a blood Long Salt. Alice's mother died when the girl reached seven and she was attending the Tuba City boarding school at the Indian agency. Alice's father became skin and bones, dying two years later... The remaining three Long Salts [Alice's two uncles and an aunt] were ill, crippled, and helpless. Friends cared for them, watching them fade into nothing before their eyes.
In the winter of 1928, Alice Long Salt was found dead three miles from the trading post on Red Mesa.
Sources
Steiger, Brad. "The Chindi." The Werewolf Book: The Encyclopedia of Shape-Shifting Beings. 1st ed. 1999.
Wyman, Leland, W. W. Hill, and Iva Osanai. "Navajo Eschatology." American Anthropologist 45(1943): 461-463.
Koji higa2005 06:07, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Rodrigo Rodriguez
Rodrigo Rodriguez ,Spanish Composer, Multi instrumentalist was born in Argentina in 1978, in 1988 went to start life in Spain, Palma de Mallorca. From an early age, he started to study classical music.
After his Clasical training , he started to have interest in Asia Tradicional, and Clasical Music,Fascinated , he travelled to Japan , India,Iran, Thailand, to explore every exotic instrument.
He studies with Grand Master, Kaoru Kakizakai in the International Shakuhachi Kenshu-kan School , where now a days he is living constant in Japan.
He released of his albums in Canadian Records Company ,Oasis Productions,specializing in Ambient, World, and New Age Music.
He has performed hundreds of solo concerts, and with colaborations of musicians of diferent countrys, in prestigious Halls, theaters , like the legendary Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, or NHK Music Hall Japan.
Sources
www.rodrigo-rodriguez.com www.jazzreview.com 220.1.222.37 06:39, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Peter Gregory Morrison
Peter Gregory Morrison is a quantum physicist working within the Centre for Quantum Computer Technology (CQCT), Macquarie University, Australia. He is a proud supporter of the experimental disciplines within science, with a constantly expressed ambition to "measure the world, and see if it matches the analysis". His scientific career has included work at many different organisations within Australia, including CSIRO Molecular Science, the National Magnet Laboratory, the University of New South Wales and Macquarie University.
Born in 1981, P.G. Morrison was raised in the Sydney North Shore suburb of South Turramurra. As a child he was first exposed to scientific knowledge by his father, at the time a professional scientist at CSIRO Minerals Division. This seems to have started a thirst and quest for knowledge, culminating in two summers of research training in molecular biology at CSIRO in 1999. This fed into completion of a degree in theoretical physics and mathematics at the University of New South Wales.
At present, P.G. Morrison is heavily involved in theoretical research with the CQCT, Macquarie [1]. He notes that the expenditure for experimental research in the areas which current science is investigating is prohibitively high, and as such his labour is much better applied at analytical tasks. Despite this, he is often found expressing the view that he "should be in the lab, making something, cooking something up!"
An often elusive and mysterious person of strongly held views, P.G. Morrison's analytical ability is often seen to represent the triumph of the individual over the system. He was quite famously seen as the "dark star" of theoretical physics, using intuitive methods to solve difficult problems that had befuddled the experts for years.
P. G. Morrison is a leading proponent of quantum control theoretical techniques, derived principally from the work of Dr. A. Carlini et al [2,3]. These methods examine the concept of optimality in a fully quantum-mechanical fashion, designing time-dependent steering functions which are capable of engineering transitions of quantum states for application in computational systems.
His personal work focuses on linear algebraic methods for understanding quantum systems. This has led to some interesting results which seems to imply the existence and exchange of quasi-particles between the system and environment on the boundary interface. These particles (termed "entangled photon pairs") have interesting physical and logical properties in that one member of a pair is never directly observed, if the other is. This assumption of non-detectability nevertheless is useful in understanding a number of the physical properties of simple quantum systems.
Sources
[1] www.ics.mq.edu.au/gen/person/pmorriso.html [2] www.ics.mq.edu.au/gen/person/carlini.html [3] arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0608039 61.68.9.85 06:48, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Tomoyuki Hoshino
Tomoyuki Hoshino is a Japanese writer. He was born in Los Angeles in 1965 and his family returned to Japan before he was three years old. He attended Waseda University and worked for a while as a journalist after graduating in 1988. He spent the better part of the years 1990-50 living in Mexico. He returned to Japan and worked for a while translating from Spanish to Japanese. He published his first novel The Last Gasp in 1997, and it was awarded the Bungei Prize. He won the Mishima Prize for his second novel The Mermaid Sings Wake Up, which was published in 2000. He won the Noma Bungei award for Fantasista in 2003. He has published at least one book a year since making his debut in 1997. These works include The Poisoned Singles Hot Springs (2002), Naburiai (2003), Lonely Hearts Killer (2004), Alkaloid Lovers (2005), The Worussian-Japanese Tragedy (2006), The Story of Rainbow and Chloe (2006), and the collection We Kittens (2006). His short story "Sand Planet" was nominated for the Akutagawa Prize for 2002. He has published many short stories and essays, both fiction and non-fiction. He also writes guest commentaries for newspapers and journals on sports (especially soccer), Latin America, politics, nationalism, and the arts. His short story "Chino" has been translated into English by Lucy Fraser and is available online via the Japanese Fiction Project (Emerging Writers in Translation), and his novel Lonely Hearts Killer has been translated into English by Adrienne Hurley and is soon to be published. He travels frequently and has participated in writers' caravans with authors from Taiwan, India, and elsewhere. In 2006, his critique of Ichiro Suzuki's remarks at the World Baseball Classic were considered controversial by some, and so have some of his other writings related to Japanese nationalism, the emperor, and sexuality. Also in 2006, the literary journal Bungei dedicated a special issue to Hoshino and his work. He sometimes teaches Creative Writing at Waseda, his alma mater. He maintains the website http://www.hoshinot.jp.
Sources
Japanese Wikipedia Entry http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/星野智幸 "Chino" (short story) http://www.j-lit.or.jp/e/programs/featured_stories/chino.html
New Nationalisms (University of Iowa symposium) http://www.news-releases.uiowa.edu/2006/february/021306asia_symposium.html http://newnationalisms.blogspot.com/
Essay on short story http://adriennecareyhurley.blogspot.com/2006/01/diaries-of-race-traitor-teenage.html
Translation of online journal entry http://adriennecareyhurley.blogspot.com/2005/10/hoshino-tomoyuki-on-elections-in-japan.html
12.210.43.233 07:22, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Decheonbae Jones is an poet/author who has been writing for several years. He has publish screen plays as well as many poetry books
Sources
At the Time of Creation, Pearls of Justice, At the Time of Creation:ManUnfolded, Puppets Mountain, Verismo, and Pencil Fights Pencil Fights and Puppets Mountain www.decheonbae.net or Amazon.com google and other sites such as decheonbae.net
24.7.184.49 07:36, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Justin Branam
Justin Branam is a musician from Indianapolis, IN. While he has stated his abbility to play a wide variety of instruments, he is most commonly known for his work with an acoustic guitar. Justin Branam's released his debut full length album, Words Worth Mentioning in 2006 which was produced by Andrew Osenga of the popular Christian band, Caedmon's Call. Also notibly contributing to the album were Matt Odmark and Aaron Sands of the Grammy Award winning band Jars of Clay. Prior to the release of Words Worth Mentioning, Justin Branam spent a good deal of time touring where he opened for acts such as Blessid Union of Souls, Mat Kearney, Mute Math, Matt Wertz, Dave Barnes, John Butler Trio, and Kids in the Way. Durring this time, Branam independently sold a five song EP entitled For the Life of Me (also produced by Andrew Osenga) which can still be purchased on his website.
Sources
www.justinbranam.com www.cdbaby.com/cd/justinbranam
71.65.45.100 07:37, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Baekho
Brechfa Village
Brechfa.info provides links to information and history relating to the South West Wales village of Brechfa and the local area. Information is also given on people for whom Brechfa has been the birthplace of, home to, or a place to stay a while.
Sources
87.112.83.14 10:06, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Billy B. Oliver
Billy B. Oliver is a Communications Consultant who recently retired from AT&T Communications after working with AT&T for almost forty years.
He was born in Selma, N.C. in 1925. He graduated from Selma High School in 1942, served in the U.S. Navy in World War II, and graduated with honors from North Carolina State College in 1954 with a degree in Electrical Engineering. While at N .C. State he was President of Campus Government, received the "Outstanding Engineering Senior" award, was a member of Golden Chain, Blue Key, Phi Kappa Phi, Thu Beta Pi, Eta Kappa Nu, Thete Thu, and IEEE. He also worked at radio station WRAL to support his family while attending school.
During his forty years with AT&T he held various assignments in Engineering, Plant, and Sales, and attended a two year training program at Bell Telephone Laboratories. His last two positions were that of Chief Engineer of nine southeastern states from 1967 to 1972, and Vice President Engineering Planning & Design at AT&T Long Lines Headquarters from 1972 until his retirement in 1985. While in his last position, he was accountable for planning, designing, and directing the evolution of AT&T's long distance network. He was responsible for network architectures, technical policies and standards, new technologies and network capabilities, and maintenance and provisioning support systems. It was during this period that AT&T's network was converted to Common Channel Signaling, the switching machines were replaced with 4ESS digital switches, the first fiber optic cables were installed, and the network was being converted to Dynamic Nonhierarchical Routing.
While with AT&T Mr. Oliver served on the National Academy of Science panels for the Space Application Board and the Social Security Mechanization Board. He prepared testimony and testified before the Federal Communications Commission, Senator Hollis committee of the U.S. Senate, and before Judge Greene on the AT&T anti-trust case. Mr. Oliver holds three patents. He serves on the Board of Directors of Digital Microwave Corp. and Communications Network Enhancements Inc.
Billy Oliver and his wife Irma reside in New Jersey. The Olivers have two children; a daughter Mrs. Jenny 0. Briney of Virginia and a son David Oliver of New York. Mr. Oliver is a member of the United Methodist Church in Chatham, N J .His hobbies are fishing, swimming, golf, and bridge.
Mr. Oliver is co-recipient of the 1989 IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal, along with Gerald R. Ash, "For contributions to the conceptions and implementation of Dynamic Nonhierarchical Routing (DNHR) in telecommunications networks."
Sources
1989 IEEE Awards Ceremony Brochure http://www.ieee.org
Mbriney 10:11, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Shrabani Basu
Shrabani Basu is the writer of the biography of The Spy Princess the life of Noor Inayat Khan.
We all know the well known book, but what we dont know is why Shrabani Basu picked this person to write on, how she chose to write about Noor in the first place, and no one has asked these questions.
--59.144.51.183 10:16, 17 December 2006 (UTC) Shrabani Basu
It was a story waiting to be told. The story of a beautiful princess who despite the odds went on to become a spy; her courage in the face of terror; her ultimate sacrifice for her cause and her nation— all the right ingredients for a perfectly captivating tale.
So when author Shrabani Basu first heard of Noor Inayat Khan “many years ago in an article about the contributions of Asians to Britain,” she could not help but be drawn to the subject. “I read Jean Overton Fuller’s Noor-un-nisa Inayat Khan, which was fascinating,” says Basu. Shrabani Basu i actually a journalist
Sources
http://www.sepiamutiny.com/sepia/archives/003025.html
59.144.51.183 10:16, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
David Oliver (musician)
David Oliver is a keyboardist/composer from the Catskill Mountain region of New York. Aside from a 17 year tenure with Jamaican master drummer Winston Grennan and the Ska-Rocks Band, David has performed and recorded with the following reggae and jazz musicians: Karl Berger, Dan Brubeck, The Clarendonians, Pat Kelly, Paul McCandless, Tommy McCook and the Ska-Jaz Band, Toots and the Maytals, Lynn Taitte, and Vic Taylor.
Sources
http://www.robanicreggaeband.com
Mbriney 10:28, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Lester S. Briney
Les Briney is Vice President of Engineering for Path 1 Network Technologies Inc.
Before joining Path 1 Les was Vice President of United Technologies Systems and Services (UTSAS), a supplier of high speed communications systems to countries in the Middle East responsible for the design and installation of high-speed, fiber-based hubs.
Prior to UTSAS, Briney acted as Chief Technology Officer at boxLot.com in San Diego, CA, where he was responsible for the development of a new variable pricing software application which was ultimately acquired by Infospace.
Briney also spent ten years at Prodigy (ISP), where he was the chief architect of the entire Prodigy system. His 34 year career in the telecommunications and distributed computer industry also includes leadership roles with IBM and Electronic Retailing Systems International, Inc.
Briney received a BS in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley.
Les currently resides in the San Diego area with his wife Winnie.