Đại Việt

Decisive defeat of the Kublei Khan's Mongol fleet and army in 1288 in the battle of Bạch Đằng River by the Đại Việt military.

Mông Đồng is a class of near-shore warship and riverine boat that played a dominant role in pre-modern Vietnamese naval forces for over a thousand years.

History of Vietnam
(by names of Vietnam)


~2879–2524 BC	Xích Quỷ (mythological)
~2524–258 BC	Văn Lang
257–179 BC	Âu Lạc
204–111 BC	Nam Việt
111 BC – 40 AD	Giao Chỉ
40–43	Lĩnh Nam
43–299	Giao Chỉ
299–544	Giao Châu
544–602	Vạn Xuân
602–679	Giao Châu
679–757	An Nam
757–766	Trấn Nam
766–866	An Nam
866–968	Tĩnh Hải quân
968–1054	Đại Cồ Việt
1054–1400	Đại Việt
1400–1407	Đại Ngu
1407–1427	Giao Chỉ
1428–1804	Đại Việt
1804–1839	Việt Nam
1839–1945	Đại Nam
1887–1954	Đông Dương
1945–	Việt Nam
Main template
History of Vietnam
v t e

Đại Việt (大越, IPA: [ɗâjˀ vìət], literally Great Viet) is the name of Vietnam for the periods from 1054 to 1400 and from 1428 to 1804. Beginning with the rule of Lý Thánh Tông (r. 1054–1072), the third emperor of the Lý Dynasty, until the rule of Gia Long (r. 1802–1820), the first emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty, it was the second-longest used name for the country after "Văn Lang".^[1]

History

Beginning with the rule of Đinh Tiên Hoàng (r. 968–979), the country had been referred to officially as Đại Cồ Việt (大瞿越). The term "Việt" is the same as the Chinese word "Yue", a name in ancient times of various non-Chinese groups who lived in what is now northern/southern China and northern Việt Nam. In 1010 Lý Thái Tổ, founder of the Lý Dynasty, issued the "Edict on the Transfer of the Capital" and moved the capital of Đại Cồ Việt to Thăng Long (Hanoi) and built the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long where the Hanoi Citadel would later stand.

In 1054, Lý Thánh Tông – the third Lý emperor – renamed the country Đại Việt. In 1149 the Lý dynasty opened Vân Đồn seaport in the modern north-eastern province of Quảng Ninh to foreign trade.^[a]

Đại Việt is a strategic location. By invading Đại Việt, the Mongols would be able to bypass the Himalaya and drive deep into South East Asia. However, the Mongolians of the Yuan Dynasty invaded Đại Việt three times and were defeated. The last battle, the Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288), was a decisive defeat for the Mongolians. Đại Việt's perseverance thwarted Mongolian attempts to conquer South East Asia and prevented the third Mongolian invasion of Japan, as the Mongol navy was completely destroyed during Bạch Đằng. This became one the greatest victories in Vietnamese military history.

In 1400, the founder of the Hồ dynasty, Hồ Quý Ly usurped the throne and changed the country's name to "Đại Ngưu" (大虞), but his dynasty was overthrown by the invading Ming Empire who annexed Đại Ngu in 1407 for 20 years until 1427. The Ming renamed the area "Giao Chỉ (or Jiaozhi)". In 1428, Lê Lợi, the founder of the Lê dynasty, liberated Giao Chỉ and restored the kingdom of "Đại Việt".

The name "Đại Việt" came to end when the Nguyễn dynasty took power. The country's name was officially changed yet again, in 1804, this time to "Việt Nam" (越南) by Gia Long.

Party

The name Đại Việt was also taken by one of the nationalist factions in 1936.^[b]

Notes

^ An embryonic independent Vietnamese administration was established and progressively renewed which laid a solid foundation for the development of the Vietnamese Kingdom of Đại Việt (Great Việt) during the Lý (1010−1226), Trần (1226-1400), and the early stage of the Lê (1428-1788) Dynasties. In 1149, Javanese and Siamese merchants arrived eager to trade with Đại Việt. The Lý Dynasty opened Vân Đồn seaport in the modern north-eastern province of Quảng Ninh for foreign trade.^[2]
^ When Nguyễn Hải Thần and his Việt Cách, the Việt Quốc, the Đại Việt, and others arrived in Hà Nội with their small armed forces, the Việt Minh had already established their administrative system; it was not strong, but it had spread to most of the provinces.^[3]

Citations

^ Dai Viet - Historical Kingdom, Việt Nam.
^ Hoàng Anh Tuấn, pp. 16-17.
^ Nguyen Công Luan, p. 41.

References

Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. Trans: Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.

"Dai Viet - Historical Kingdom, Vietnam". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2019.

Hoang Anh Tuấn (2007). Silk for Silver: Dutch-Vietnamese relations, 1637-1700. Brill. ISBN 978-9-04-742169-6.

Nguyen Công Luan (2012). Nationalist in the Viet Nam Wars: Memoirs of a Victim Turned Soldier. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-25-335687-1.

External links

Google Books search

State formation on China’s southern frontier: Vietnam as a shadow empire and hegemon, by Tuong Vu

[3] An embryonic independent Vietnamese administration was established and progressively renewed which laid a solid foundation for the development of the Vietnamese Kingdom of Đại Việt (Great Việt) during the Lý (1010−1226), Trần (1226-1400), and the early stage of the Lê (1428-1788) Dynasties. In 1149, Javanese and Siamese merchants arrived eager to trade with Đại Việt. The Lý Dynasty opened Vân Đồn seaport in the modern north-eastern province of Quảng Ninh for foreign trade.^[2]

[5] When Nguyễn Hải Thần and his Việt Cách, the Việt Quốc, the Đại Việt, and others arrived in Hà Nội with their small armed forces, the Việt Minh had already established their administrative system; it was not strong, but it had spread to most of the provinces.^[3]

[1] Dai Viet - Historical Kingdom, Việt Nam.

[2] Hoàng Anh Tuấn, pp. 16-17.

[4] Nguyen Công Luan, p. 41.

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