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'''Birdwood Van Someren Taylor''' (1852- 31 July 1939<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ancestry Library Edition |url=https://ancestrylibrary.proquest.com/aleweb/ale/do/login |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=ancestrylibrary.proquest.com}}</ref>) was an English physician, teacher, and clergyman. He served as a medical missionary for over 45 years, working primarily in China during the height of the [[Opium Wars|Opium War]], with a focus on [[Fuzhou]] (Fuh-Chow), [[Fukien Province|Fukien]], and [[Hinghwa]]. Noted for his work addressing opium addiction and [[leprosy]], Taylor was responsible for opening hospitals and colleges in Western China and training Chinese men to adequately address the medical needs of their communities.
'''Birdwood Van Someren Taylor''' (1852- 31 July 1939<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ancestry Library Edition |url=https://ancestrylibrary.proquest.com/aleweb/ale/do/login |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=ancestrylibrary.proquest.com}}</ref>) was an English physician, teacher, and clergyman. He was only the second medical missionary to go to China in 1878 serving for over 45 years, working primarily in China during the height of the [[Opium Wars|Opium War]], with a focus on [[Fuzhou]] (Fuh-Chow), [[Fukien Province|Fukien]], and [[Hinghwa]]. Noted for his work addressing opium addiction and [[leprosy]], Taylor founded many mission hospitals in Fukien including the largest in Hingwa(1894). He also served as the founding Principal of Union Medical College in Western China(1911-1918). Union Medical College brought together three missionary societies from the British CMS nd the American Methodist Episcopalians and the Congregationalists<ref name=":2" />


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Line 12: Line 12:


== Career ==
== Career ==
Shortly after his marriage to Downing, Taylor left for Fuh-Chow, China and arrived on November 30, 1878<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Church Missionary |title=Register of missionaries : clerical, lay & female, and native clergy from 1804 to 1904 |publisher=Church Missionary Society, [London], [1905] |year=1905 |pages=186 |language=English}}</ref> to work as a medical missionary for the [[Church Missionary Society in China]]. He followed [[William Welton (missionary)|William Welton]] who helped the Chinese Medical Society establish the first dispensary hospital in Fuh-Chow in 1850.
Shortly after his marriage to Downing, Taylor left for Fuh-Chow, China and arrived on November 30, 1878<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Church Missionary |title=Register of missionaries : clerical, lay & female, and native clergy from 1804 to 1904 |publisher=Church Missionary Society, [London], [1905] |year=1905 |pages=186 |language=English}}</ref> to work as the second medical missionary for the [[Church Missionary Society in China]]. He followed the first CMS medical missionary to China [[William Welton (missionary)|William Welton]] who helped the Chinese Medical Society establish the first dispensary hospital in Fuh-Chow in 1850. He opened the first hospital in Funing in 1883.

John Wolfe assigned Taylor to develop more hospitals and dispensaries in Fukien after the destruction of the Black Stone Hill mission by anti-religious actors. The beleif was that the community woudl respond better to medical missionarieis than religious missionaries. <ref name=":Lin">{{cite book |last1=Lin |first1=Jennifer |title=Shanghai Faithful: Betrayal and Forgiveness in a Chinese Christian Family |date=2017 |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |location=Lanham, New York, London |isbn=978-1-4422-5694-1 |page=317 |access-date=15 January 2024}}</ref>


Taylor oversaw the CMS mission in Fuh-Chow and trained medical [[Catechesis|catechists]] who would assist him in the proceedings of the hospital. With these newly trained assistants, he started an itinerant mission and continued the legacy of the CMS.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 16: Western China Mission, 1898-1934, and Fukien Mission, 1900-1934 |url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/collections_az/CMS-1-16/description.aspx |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.ampltd.co.uk}}</ref>
Taylor oversaw the CMS mission in Fuh-Chow and trained medical [[Catechesis|catechists]] who would assist him in the proceedings of the hospital. With these newly trained assistants, he started an itinerant mission and continued the legacy of the CMS.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 16: Western China Mission, 1898-1934, and Fukien Mission, 1900-1934 |url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/collections_az/CMS-1-16/description.aspx |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.ampltd.co.uk}}</ref>
Line 18: Line 20:
Taylor and his team primarily treated [[opium]] addicts and [[leprosy]], growing substantially as the years progressed. Due to his successes in treating patients, locals who were originally wary of the medical missionaries, began to be more trusting of their practices.
Taylor and his team primarily treated [[opium]] addicts and [[leprosy]], growing substantially as the years progressed. Due to his successes in treating patients, locals who were originally wary of the medical missionaries, began to be more trusting of their practices.


By the 1880s, China had the largest number of [[dispensary]] hospitals serving the area. They were primarily run by CMS missionaries and volunteers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 17: Fukien Mission, 1911-1934 |url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/collections_az/cms-1-17/description.aspx |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.ampltd.co.uk}}</ref>
Through Taylor's work, China had the largest number of [[dispensary]] hospitals serving the area by the 1880'a. They were primarily run by CMS missionaries and volunteers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 17: Fukien Mission, 1911-1934 |url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/collections_az/cms-1-17/description.aspx |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.ampltd.co.uk}}</ref>


Having worked on itinerant missions, Taylor worked in both [[Fuzhou|Fuh-Chow]] and [[Funing County, Yunnan|Fuh-Ning]], serving [[Fuzhou|Fuh-Chow]] from 1878 to 1882<ref name=":1" />. In 1882<ref name=":1" />, Taylor started working primarily in the prefectures of [[Funing County, Yunnan|Fuh-ning]] and led the medical mission established in the area with the Chinese men he had trained. He also assisted Dr. Rigg, a medical missionary who had similar duties in [[Kien-ning-fou|Kieng-ning]], a nearby town in [[Fujian|Fuh-kien]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Church Missionary Society in China |date=2023-11-20 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Church_Missionary_Society_in_China&oldid=1185969066 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-12-26 |language=en}}</ref>.
Having worked on itinerant missions, Taylor worked in both [[Fuzhou|Fuh-Chow]] and [[Funing County, Yunnan|Fuh-Ning]], serving [[Fuzhou|Fuh-Chow]] from 1878 to 1882<ref name=":1" />. In 1882<ref name=":1" />, Taylor started working primarily in the prefectures of [[Funing County, Yunnan|Fuh-ning]] and led the medical mission established in the area with the Chinese men he had trained. He also assisted Dr. Rigg, a medical missionary who had similar duties in [[Kien-ning-fou|Kieng-ning]], a nearby town in [[Fujian|Fuh-kien]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Church Missionary Society in China |date=2023-11-20 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Church_Missionary_Society_in_China&oldid=1185969066 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-12-26 |language=en}}</ref>.


In 1894, Taylor transferred to Hinghwa<ref name=":1" />. Once at Hinghwa, he opened up a hospital with a [[dispensary]]. While the area started to see more hospitals, the one in Hinghwa is noted for being the largest one<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 18: Fukien Mission, 1900-1934, Kwangsi-Hunan Mission, 1911-1934, China General, 1935-1951, and South China, 1935-1951 |url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/collections_az/cms-1-18/description.aspx |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.ampltd.co.uk}}</ref>. In 1929, The ''China Medical Journal'' covered the Hinghwa hospital, highlighting that there were eight separate departments and had at least 260 beds<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=2019-07-20 |title=Obituary |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000000361 |journal=Chinese Medical Journal |volume=132 |issue=14 |pages=1762 |doi=10.1097/cm9.0000000000000361 |issn=0366-6999}}</ref>.
In 1894, Taylor transferred to Hinghwa<ref name=":1" />. Once at Hinghwa, he opened up the largest hospital in Fukien with a [[dispensary]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 18: Fukien Mission, 1900-1934, Kwangsi-Hunan Mission, 1911-1934, China General, 1935-1951, and South China, 1935-1951 |url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/collections_az/cms-1-18/description.aspx |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.ampltd.co.uk}}</ref>. In 1929, The ''China Medical Journal'' covered the Hinghwa hospital, highlighting that there were eight separate departments and had at least 260 beds<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=2019-07-20 |title=Obituary |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000000361 |journal=Chinese Medical Journal |volume=132 |issue=14 |pages=1762 |doi=10.1097/cm9.0000000000000361 |issn=0366-6999}}</ref>.


In 1911, Taylor was called back to [[Fuzhou|Fuh-Chow]]. Due to his experience teaching medicine for several decades, he was appointed as the principal of Union Medical College when it opened in 1911<ref name=":2" />. Union Medical College was a collaboration between [[Americans]], [[Anglicist|Anglicists]] and [[Methodist Episcopal Church|Methodist Episcopalians]]. Taylor served as the principal until 1918.
In 1911, Taylor was called back to [[Fuzhou|Fuh-Chow]]. Due to his experience teaching medicine for several decades, he was appointed as the Founding Principal of Union Medical College when it opened in 1911<ref name=":2" />. Union Medical College was a collaboration between [[Americans]], [[Anglicist|Anglicists]] and [[Methodist Episcopal Church|Methodist Episcopalians]]. Taylor served as the principal until 1918.


== Writing ==
== Writing ==
During his time in [[China]], Taylor published several articles and letters of importance. He penned a [[brochure]] (also referred to as a [[pamphlet]]) from his experience teaching medicine titled “The Training of Chinese Students in Medicine and Surgery by Medical Missionaries, in its Missionary Aspect” which was published by the Chinese Medical Association Publishing House. Additionally, he wrote “The Massacre of Missionaries” which appeared in ''[[The Times]]'' (London) on August 8, 1895.
During his time in [[China]], Taylor published several articles and letters of importance. He penned a [[brochure]] (also referred to as a [[pamphlet]]) from his experience teaching medicine.
*“The Training of Chinese Students in Medicine and Surgery by Medical Missionaries, in its Missionary Aspect” which was published by the Chinese Medical Association Publishing House. *“The Massacre of Missionaries” which appeared in ''[[The Times]]'' (London) on August 8, 1895.
*"Medical Mission Work During the Plague at Hing-hwa", ''Mercy and Truth''Feb 1897, pp 42-43.
*"The Year's Work at Hing-hwa", ''Mercy and Truth'', Sept 1897, pp. 203-207.
*China Mission: Original Papers: Letters and Papers of Missionaries: Birdwood Van Someren Taylor, 1878-1880. United Kingdom: Adam Matthew Digital, 2018.



== Legacy ==
== Legacy ==

Revision as of 03:41, 15 January 2024

Birdwood Van Someren Taylor (1852- 31 July 1939[1]) was an English physician, teacher, and clergyman. He was only the second medical missionary to go to China in 1878 serving for over 45 years, working primarily in China during the height of the Opium War, with a focus on Fuzhou (Fuh-Chow), Fukien, and Hinghwa. Noted for his work addressing opium addiction and leprosy, Taylor founded many mission hospitals in Fukien including the largest in Hingwa(1894). He also served as the founding Principal of Union Medical College in Western China(1911-1918). Union Medical College brought together three missionary societies from the British CMS nd the American Methodist Episcopalians and the Congregationalists[2]

Early life and education

Birdwood Van Someren Taylor was born 1852[3] in Borsad, India[4]. His parents, Rev. Joseph Someren Taylor (1820-1881) and Eliza Sarah Pritchard Taylor (1827-1858)[5] were Christian missionaries and worked primarily in Gujarat, India. They served as missionaries until Eliza fell sick, causing them to move back to Scotland with their children. Eliza Sarah Pritchard Taylor died June 26, 1858[6] when Birdwood Van Someren Taylor was 6 years old. He grew up primarily in Scotland with a Protestantant upbringing.

Later, he attended the University of Edinburgh where he received his M. B and C.M,[7] becoming both a medical doctor and an ordained member of the clergy.

Personal life

On August 1, 1878, Taylor married Christiana Downing (Taylor) in Viewforth, Midlothian, Scotland. They were married by his grandfather, Rev. George Pritchard.[8]

Taylor and Downing had 3 children: Edith Mary Taylor (1888-1924), Christina Moore Taylor (1889-) and Birdwood Van Someren Taylor Jr. (1890-1964)[1].

Career

Shortly after his marriage to Downing, Taylor left for Fuh-Chow, China and arrived on November 30, 1878[9] to work as the second medical missionary for the Church Missionary Society in China. He followed the first CMS medical missionary to China William Welton who helped the Chinese Medical Society establish the first dispensary hospital in Fuh-Chow in 1850. He opened the first hospital in Funing in 1883.

John Wolfe assigned Taylor to develop more hospitals and dispensaries in Fukien after the destruction of the Black Stone Hill mission by anti-religious actors. The beleif was that the community woudl respond better to medical missionarieis than religious missionaries. [10]

Taylor oversaw the CMS mission in Fuh-Chow and trained medical catechists who would assist him in the proceedings of the hospital. With these newly trained assistants, he started an itinerant mission and continued the legacy of the CMS.[2]

Taylor and his team primarily treated opium addicts and leprosy, growing substantially as the years progressed. Due to his successes in treating patients, locals who were originally wary of the medical missionaries, began to be more trusting of their practices.

Through Taylor's work, China had the largest number of dispensary hospitals serving the area by the 1880'a. They were primarily run by CMS missionaries and volunteers.[11]

Having worked on itinerant missions, Taylor worked in both Fuh-Chow and Fuh-Ning, serving Fuh-Chow from 1878 to 1882[9]. In 1882[9], Taylor started working primarily in the prefectures of Fuh-ning and led the medical mission established in the area with the Chinese men he had trained. He also assisted Dr. Rigg, a medical missionary who had similar duties in Kieng-ning, a nearby town in Fuh-kien[12].

In 1894, Taylor transferred to Hinghwa[9]. Once at Hinghwa, he opened up the largest hospital in Fukien with a dispensary.[13]. In 1929, The China Medical Journal covered the Hinghwa hospital, highlighting that there were eight separate departments and had at least 260 beds[14].

In 1911, Taylor was called back to Fuh-Chow. Due to his experience teaching medicine for several decades, he was appointed as the Founding Principal of Union Medical College when it opened in 1911[2]. Union Medical College was a collaboration between Americans, Anglicists and Methodist Episcopalians. Taylor served as the principal until 1918.

Writing

During his time in China, Taylor published several articles and letters of importance. He penned a brochure (also referred to as a pamphlet) from his experience teaching medicine.

  • “The Training of Chinese Students in Medicine and Surgery by Medical Missionaries, in its Missionary Aspect” which was published by the Chinese Medical Association Publishing House. *“The Massacre of Missionaries” which appeared in The Times (London) on August 8, 1895.
  • "Medical Mission Work During the Plague at Hing-hwa", Mercy and TruthFeb 1897, pp 42-43.
  • "The Year's Work at Hing-hwa", Mercy and Truth, Sept 1897, pp. 203-207.
  • China Mission: Original Papers: Letters and Papers of Missionaries: Birdwood Van Someren Taylor, 1878-1880. United Kingdom: Adam Matthew Digital, 2018.


Legacy

Taylor opened Hinghwa hospital in 1894 and trained Chinese men to be doctors and surgeons. By 1929, Hinghwa was nearly completely managed by a Chinese staff. The lead doctor, Dr. M.K. Yue, worked with four other Chinese doctors, and had a staff of three foreign nurses and four graduate Chinese nurses. The hospital had 2,987 inpatients at one time and had totaled 16,598 outpatients and treatments in 1929 alone[14].

Retirement and death

On 24 February in 1929, Taylor returned to England to retire at The Vale in Golders Green, Middlesex, England. He died on July 31, 1939.[15]

References


  1. ^ a b "Ancestry Library Edition". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  2. ^ a b c "CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 16: Western China Mission, 1898-1934, and Fukien Mission, 1900-1934". www.ampltd.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  3. ^ "Ancestry Library Edition". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  4. ^ "Ancestry Library Edition". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  5. ^ "Ancestry Library Edition". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  6. ^ "Ancestry Library Edition". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  7. ^ "Ancestry Library Edition". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  8. ^ "Ancestry Library Edition". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  9. ^ a b c d Society, Church Missionary (1905). Register of missionaries : clerical, lay & female, and native clergy from 1804 to 1904. Church Missionary Society, [London], [1905]. p. 186.
  10. ^ Lin, Jennifer (2017). Shanghai Faithful: Betrayal and Forgiveness in a Chinese Christian Family. Lanham, New York, London: Rowman and Littlefield. p. 317. ISBN 978-1-4422-5694-1. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  11. ^ "CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 17: Fukien Mission, 1911-1934". www.ampltd.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  12. ^ "Church Missionary Society in China", Wikipedia, 2023-11-20, retrieved 2023-12-26
  13. ^ "CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 18: Fukien Mission, 1900-1934, Kwangsi-Hunan Mission, 1911-1934, China General, 1935-1951, and South China, 1935-1951". www.ampltd.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  14. ^ a b "Obituary". Chinese Medical Journal. 132 (14): 1762. 2019-07-20. doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000361. ISSN 0366-6999.
  15. ^ "Ancestry Library Edition". ancestrylibrary.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
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