Cucaracha Formation: Difference between revisions

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Coordinates: 9°00′N 79°36′W / 9.0°N 79.6°W / 9.0; -79.6
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!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|-
|''[[Americanycteris]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morgan |first1=Gary S. |last2=Czaplewski |first2=Nicholas |last3=Rincon |first3=Aldo F. |last4=Bloch |first4=Jonathan Ivan |date=November 2023 |title=A new early Miocene bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Panama confirms middle Cenozoic chiropteran dispersal between the Americas |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=963–993 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4}}</ref>
|''[[Americanycteris]]''<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=MacFadden |first=Bruce J. |last2=Bloch |first2=Jonathan I. |last3=Evans |first3=Helen |last4=Foster |first4=David A. |last5=Morgan |first5=Gary S. |last6=Rincon |first6=Aldo |last7=Wood |first7=Aaron R. |date=March 2014 |title=Temporal Calibration and Biochronology of the Centenario Fauna, Early Miocene of Panama |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261437653 |journal=The Journal of Geology |language=en |volume=122 |issue=2 |pages=113–135 |doi=10.1086/675244 |issn=0022-1376}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morgan |first1=Gary S. |last2=Czaplewski |first2=Nicholas |last3=Rincon |first3=Aldo F. |last4=Bloch |first4=Jonathan Ivan |date=November 2023 |title=A new early Miocene bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Panama confirms middle Cenozoic chiropteran dispersal between the Americas |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=963–993 |doi=10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4}}</ref>
|''A. cyrtodon''
|''A. cyrtodon''
|Centenario Bridge 6 & Hodges Hill localities
|Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill
|Partial jaw & right [[premolar]]
|Partial jaw & right [[premolar]]
|A [[leaf-nosed bat]]
|A [[leaf-nosed bat]], first reported as a new "large insectivorous [[Phyllostominae|phyllostomine]]"
|
|
|-
|-
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! Genus !! Species !! Presence
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|''[[Bassaricyonoides]]''<ref name=":7" />
|''B. sp.''
|Gaillard Cut
|
|A [[procyonid]]
|
|-
|''[[Daphoenodon]]''<ref name=":7" />
|''cf. D. sp.''
|Gaillard Cut
|
|A [[bear dog]]
|[[File:Daphoenodon superbus restoration.jpg|center|150px]]
|-
|-
|[[Hemicyonidae]] indet.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Macfadden |first=Bruce J. |date=2006 |title=North American Miocene Land Mammals from Panama |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4524616 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=720–734 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[720:NAMLMF]2.0.CO;2 |jstor=4524616 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
|[[Hemicyonidae]] indet.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Macfadden |first=Bruce J. |date=2006 |title=North American Miocene Land Mammals from Panama |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4524616 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=720–734 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[720:NAMLMF]2.0.CO;2 |jstor=4524616 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
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|
|
|-
|-
|''[[Tomarctus]]''<ref name=":0" />
|''[[Tomarctus]]''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":0" />
|''T. brevirostris''
|''T. brevirostris''
|Gaillard Cut
|Gaillard Cut
|Jaw & teeth
|Jaw & teeth
|A [[borophagine]] dog
|A [[borophagine]] dog
|[[File:Tomarctus brevirostris.png|center|150px]]
|-
|}

====Rodents====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Rodent]]s reported from the Cucaracha Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|''[[Nototamias]]''<ref name=":7" />
|''N. sp.''
|Gaillard Cut
|
|A [[ground squirrel]]
|
|-
|''[[Petauristodon]]''<ref name=":7" />
|''P. sp.''
|Gaillard Cut
|
|A [[flying squirrel]]
|
|-
|''[[Proheteromys]]''<ref name=":7" />
|''P. sp.''
|Gaillard Cut
|
|A [[heteromyid]]
|[[File:Proheteromys latidens (UCMP 150688).jpg|center|150px]]
|-
|''[[Texomys]]''<ref name=":7" />
|''T. stewarti''
|Gaillard Cut
|
|A [[Jimomyidae|jimomyid]]
|
|
|-
|-
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!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|-
|''[[Anchitherium]]''<ref name=":0" />
|''[[Anchitherium]]''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":0" />
|''A. clarencei''
|''A. clarencei''
|Gaillard Cut
|Gaillard Cut
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|
|
|-
|-
|''[[Archaeohippus]]''<ref name=":0" />
|''[[Archaeohippus]]''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":0" />
|''A. sp.''
|''A. sp.''
|Gaillard Cut
|Gaillard Cut
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|
|
|-
|-
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |''[[Cynorca]]''<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Macfadden |first1=Bruce J. |last2=Kirby |first2=Michael X. |last3=Rincon |first3=Aldo |last4=Montes |first4=Camilo |last5=Moron |first5=Sara |last6=Strong |first6=Nikki |last7=Jaramillo |first7=Carlos |date=March 2010 |title=Extinct peccary "Cynorca" occidentale (Tayassuidae, Tayassuinae) from the Miocene of Panama and correlations to North America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228491624 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=288–298 |doi=10.1666/09-064R.1 |bibcode=2010JPal...84..288M |issn=0022-3360}}</ref>
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |''[[Cynorca]]''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Macfadden |first1=Bruce J. |last2=Kirby |first2=Michael X. |last3=Rincon |first3=Aldo |last4=Montes |first4=Camilo |last5=Moron |first5=Sara |last6=Strong |first6=Nikki |last7=Jaramillo |first7=Carlos |date=March 2010 |title=Extinct peccary "Cynorca" occidentale (Tayassuidae, Tayassuinae) from the Miocene of Panama and correlations to North America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228491624 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=288–298 |doi=10.1666/09-064R.1 |bibcode=2010JPal...84..288M |issn=0022-3360}}</ref>
|style="background:#fbdddb;"|''C. occidentale''
|style="background:#fbdddb;"|''C. occidentale''
|style="background:#fbdddb;"|Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill
|style="background:#fbdddb;"|Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill
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|style="background:#fbdddb;"|
|style="background:#fbdddb;"|
|-
|-
|''[[Floridaceras]]''<ref name=":0" />
|''[[Floridaceras]]''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":0" />
|''F. whitei''
|''F. whitei''
|Gaillard Cut
|Gaillard Cut
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|
|
|-
|-
|''[[Menoceras]]''<ref name=":0" />
|''[[Floridatragulus]]''<ref name=":7" />
|''cf. F. nanus''
|Gaillard Cut
|
|A [[camelid]]
|
|-
|''[[Machaeromeryx]]''<ref name=":7" />
|''cf. M. sp.''
|Gaillard Cut
|
|A [[moschid]]
|
|-
|''[[Menoceras]]''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":0" />
|''M. barbouri''
|''M. barbouri''
|Gaillard Cut
|Gaillard Cut
|Teeth & limb elements
|Teeth & limb elements
|A [[rhinoceros]]
|A [[rhinoceros]]
|[[File:Em - Menoceras sp. - 2.jpg|center|150px]]
|
|-
|-
|''[[Merycochoerus]]''<ref name=":0" />
|''[[Merycochoerus]]''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":0" />
|''M. matthewi''
|''M. matthewi''
|Gaillard Cut
|Gaillard Cut
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|
|
|-
|-
|''[[Parablastomeryx]]''<ref name=":7" />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Paratoceras]]''<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rincon |first1=Aldo F. |last2=Bloch |first2=Jonathan I. |last3=Macfadden |first3=Bruce J. |last4=Jaramillo |first4=Carlos A. |date=2015-09-03 |title=New early Miocene protoceratids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Panama |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2015.970688 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=e970688 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2015.970688 |bibcode=2015JVPal..35E0688R |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
|''cf. P. sp.''
|Gaillard Cut
|
|A [[moschid]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Paratoceras]]''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rincon |first1=Aldo F. |last2=Bloch |first2=Jonathan I. |last3=Macfadden |first3=Bruce J. |last4=Jaramillo |first4=Carlos A. |date=2015-09-03 |title=New early Miocene protoceratids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Panama |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2015.970688 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=e970688 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2015.970688 |bibcode=2015JVPal..35E0688R |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
|''P. coatesi''
|''P. coatesi''
|Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge, Hodges Hill & Cartagena Hill
|Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge, Hodges Hill & Cartagena Hill
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|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|-
|-
|''[[Tedfordhyus]]''<ref name=":2" />
|''[[Tedfordhyus]]''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":2" />
|''T. occidentalis''
|''T. occidentalis''
|Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill
|Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill
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===Reptiles===
===Reptiles===
====Birds====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Reptile]]s reported from the Cucaracha Formation'''
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Bird]]s reported from the Cucaracha Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|[[Accipitridae]] indet.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Steadman |first=David. W. |last2=MacFadden |first2=Bruce J. |date=2016 |title=A large eagle (Aves, Accipitridae) from the early Miocene of Panama |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48572611 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1012–1015 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2016.103 |issn=0022-3360 |s2cid=132732768}}</ref>
|Indeterminate
|West side of the Panama Canal
|Talon
|A large eagle, talon resembles those of the [[crowned eagle]] and [[martial eagle]]
|
|-
|}

====Crocodilians====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Crocodilia]]ns reported from the Cucaracha Formation'''
|-
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
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|[[Osteoderms]] comparable to those of gavialids such as ''[[Gavialosuchus]]'', but crocodilian osteoderms are non-diagnostic
|[[Osteoderms]] comparable to those of gavialids such as ''[[Gavialosuchus]]'', but crocodilian osteoderms are non-diagnostic
|
|
|-
|}

====Squamates====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Squamates]] reported from the Cucaracha Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|''[[Boa (genus)|Boa]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Head |first=Jason J. |last2=Rincon |first2=Aldo F. |last3=Suarez |first3=Catalina |last4=Montes |first4=Camilo |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Carlos |date=2012-10-31 |title=Fossil evidence for earliest Neogene American faunal interchange: Boa (Serpentes, Boinae) from the early Miocene of Panama |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2012.694387 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=1328–1334 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.694387 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
|''B. cf. [[B. constrictor]]''
|Cartagena Hill & Hodges Hill
|Incomplete vertebrae
|A [[boid]] snake
|[[File:Boa constrictor constrictor - Flickr - Dick Culbert.jpg|center|150px]]
|-
|}

====Turtles====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Turtle]]s reported from the Cucaracha Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|-
|[[Podocnemididae]] indet.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Cadena |first1=E. |last2=Bourque |first2=J.R. |last3=Rincón |first3=A.F. |last4=Bloch |first4=J.I. |last5=Jaramillo |first5=C.A. |last6=MacFadden |first6=B.J. |year=2012 |title=New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233777124 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=539–557|doi=10.1666/11-106.1 |bibcode=2012JPal...86..539C }}</ref>
|[[Podocnemididae]] indet.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Cadena |first1=E. |last2=Bourque |first2=J.R. |last3=Rincón |first3=A.F. |last4=Bloch |first4=J.I. |last5=Jaramillo |first5=C.A. |last6=MacFadden |first6=B.J. |year=2012 |title=New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233777124 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=539–557|doi=10.1666/11-106.1 |bibcode=2012JPal...86..539C }}</ref>
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|Culebra Cut
|Culebra Cut
|Roots
|Roots
|A member of[[Paullinieae]]
|A member of [[Paullinieae]]
|
|
|-
|-

Revision as of 22:42, 17 April 2024

Cucaracha Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Burdigalian-Mid Langhian (Hemingfordian-Barstovian)
19–14 Ma
↓
TypeFormation
UnderliesPedro Miguel & La Boca Formations
OverliesCulebra Formation
Thickness~125 m (410 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, conglomerate
OtherClaystone
Location
Coordinates9°00′N 79°36′W / 9.0°N 79.6°W / 9.0; -79.6
Approximate paleocoordinates8°24′N 77°30′W / 8.4°N 77.5°W / 8.4; -77.5
RegionPanamá Province
Country Panama
ExtentPanama Basin
Cucaracha Formation is located in Panama
Cucaracha Formation
Cucaracha Formation (Panama)

The Cucaracha Formation (Tca)[1] is a geologic formation in Panama. It preserves vertebrate and plant fossils dating back to the Neogene period; Early to Middle Miocene epochs (Hemingfordian).[2] Fossils of the crocodylian Centenariosuchus, the turtle Rhinoclemmys panamaensis and the artiodactyl Paratoceras have been found in the formation.[3]

The Cucaracha Formation is approximately 125 metres (410 ft) thick,[4] and dated to 19 to 14 Ma.[5]

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Mammals

Bats

Bats reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Americanycteris[6][7] A. cyrtodon Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill Partial jaw & right premolar A leaf-nosed bat, first reported as a new "large insectivorous phyllostomine"

Carnivorans

Carnivorans reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Bassaricyonoides[6] B. sp. Gaillard Cut A procyonid
Daphoenodon[6] cf. D. sp. Gaillard Cut A bear dog
Hemicyonidae indet.[8] Indeterminate Gaillard Cut Radius & ulna fragment A bear
Tomarctus[6][8] T. brevirostris Gaillard Cut Jaw & teeth A borophagine dog

Rodents

Rodents reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Nototamias[6] N. sp. Gaillard Cut A ground squirrel
Petauristodon[6] P. sp. Gaillard Cut A flying squirrel
Proheteromys[6] P. sp. Gaillard Cut A heteromyid
Texomys[6] T. stewarti Gaillard Cut A jimomyid

Ungulates

Ungulates reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anchitherium[6][8] A. clarencei Gaillard Cut Mandible fragment & upper cheek tooth An equid
Archaeohippus[6][8] A. sp. Gaillard Cut Calcaneus & tooth An equid
Cynorca[6][9] C. occidentale Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill Jaw elements with teeth Species reassigned to the genus Tedfordhyus[10]
Floridaceras[6][8] F. whitei Gaillard Cut Jaws, teeth & femur fragment A rhinoceros
Floridatragulus[6] cf. F. nanus Gaillard Cut A camelid
Machaeromeryx[6] cf. M. sp. Gaillard Cut A moschid
Menoceras[6][8] M. barbouri Gaillard Cut Teeth & limb elements A rhinoceros
Merycochoerus[6][8] M. matthewi Gaillard Cut Skull elements An oreodont
Parablastomeryx[6] cf. P. sp. Gaillard Cut A moschid
Paratoceras[6][8][11] P. coatesi Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge, Hodges Hill & Cartagena Hill Skull elements, teeth & limb fragments A protoceratid, first reported as P. wardi
P. wardi Gaillard Cut Skull elements, teeth & limb fragments Remains reassigned to P. coatesi
Tedfordhyus[6][9] T. occidentalis Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill Jaw elements with teeth A peccary, originally named Cynorca occidentale

Reptiles

Birds

Birds reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Accipitridae indet.[12] Indeterminate West side of the Panama Canal Talon A large eagle, talon resembles those of the crowned eagle and martial eagle

Crocodilians

Crocodilians reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Centenariosuchus[13] C. gilmorei Hodges Hill Skull & jaw A caiman
cf. C. gilmorei Centenario Bridge Right angular A caiman
Dadagavialis[14] D. gunai East margin of the Panama Canal Partial snout A gavialid
cf. D. gunai Centenario Bridge Partial mandible A gavialid
Eusuchia indet.[13] Indeterminate Panama Canal Zone Headless skeleton Osteoderms comparable to those of gavialids such as Gavialosuchus, but crocodilian osteoderms are non-diagnostic

Squamates

Squamates reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Boa[15] B. cf. B. constrictor Cartagena Hill & Hodges Hill Incomplete vertebrae A boid snake

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Podocnemididae indet.[16] Incertae sedis Centenario Bridge Right epiplastron A side-necked turtle
Rhinoclemmys[16] R. panamaensis Centenario Bridge Shell elements A geoemydid turtle
R. sp. Centenario Bridge & Culebra Reach Isolated bones A geoemydid turtle
Staurotypus[16] S. moschus Centenario Bridge Peripheral part of shell A kinosternid turtle
Testudinidae indet.[16] Incertae sedis Culebra Reach Shell & limb elements A tortoise
Trionychidae indet.[16] Incertae sedis Centenario Bridge Right costal A softshell turtle

Plants

Plants reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ampelorhiza[17] A. heteroxylon Culebra Cut Roots A member of Paullinieae
Antrocaryon[18] A. panamaensis Lirio East Endocarps A member of Anacardiaceae
Dracontomelon[18] D. montesii Lirio East Endocarps A member of Anacardiaceae
Guazumaoxylon[19] G. miocenica Hodges Hill Wood A member of Malvaceae, similar to Guazuma
Mammea[20] M. paramericana Northern Lirio East Stem A member of Calophyllaceae
Oreomunnea[21] O. grahamii Lirio East Nuts A member of Juglandaceae
Panascleroticoxylon[22] P. crystallosa Hodges Hill Wood A member of Malpighiales
Parinari[23] P. panamensis Lirio East, Gold Hill & Empire sites Endocarps A member of Chrysobalanaceae
Parinarioxylon[23] P. panamensis Lirio East Wood A member of Chrysobalanaceae
Periplanetoxylon[19] P. panamense Hodges Hill Wood A member of Malvaceae
Prioria[24] P. canalensis Hodges Hill Wood A legume
P. hodgesii Hodges Hill Wood A legume
Rourea[25] R. blatta Northern Lirio East site Wood A liana belonging to the Connaraceae
Spondias[18] S. rothwellii Lirio East Endocarps A member of Anacardiaceae

See also

References

  1. ^ Geologic Map, 1980
  2. ^ Cucaracha Formation at Fossilworks.org
  3. ^ Centenariosuchus at Fossilworks.org
  4. ^ Kirby et al., 2008, p.9
  5. ^ Kirby et al., 2008, p.11
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s MacFadden, Bruce J.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Evans, Helen; Foster, David A.; Morgan, Gary S.; Rincon, Aldo; Wood, Aaron R. (March 2014). "Temporal Calibration and Biochronology of the Centenario Fauna, Early Miocene of Panama". The Journal of Geology. 122 (2): 113–135. doi:10.1086/675244. ISSN 0022-1376.
  7. ^ Morgan, Gary S.; Czaplewski, Nicholas; Rincon, Aldo F.; Bloch, Jonathan Ivan (November 2023). "A new early Miocene bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Panama confirms middle Cenozoic chiropteran dispersal between the Americas". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30 (4): 963–993. doi:10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Macfadden, Bruce J. (2006). "North American Miocene Land Mammals from Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (3): 720–734. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[720:NAMLMF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524616.
  9. ^ a b Macfadden, Bruce J.; Kirby, Michael X.; Rincon, Aldo; Montes, Camilo; Moron, Sara; Strong, Nikki; Jaramillo, Carlos (March 2010). "Extinct peccary "Cynorca" occidentale (Tayassuidae, Tayassuinae) from the Miocene of Panama and correlations to North America". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (2): 288–298. Bibcode:2010JPal...84..288M. doi:10.1666/09-064R.1. ISSN 0022-3360.
  10. ^ PROTHERO, DONALD R. (2021-05-28). THE SYSTEMATICS OF NORTH AMERICAN PECCARIES (MAMMALIA: ARTIODACTYLA: TAYASSUIDAE). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.
  11. ^ Rincon, Aldo F.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Macfadden, Bruce J.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2015-09-03). "New early Miocene protoceratids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5): e970688. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E0688R. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.970688. ISSN 0272-4634.
  12. ^ Steadman, David. W.; MacFadden, Bruce J. (2016). "A large eagle (Aves, Accipitridae) from the early Miocene of Panama". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (5): 1012–1015. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.103. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 132732768.
  13. ^ a b Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Rincon, Aldo F.; Macfadden, Bruce J. (2013). "Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 239. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..239H. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.713814. ISSN 0272-4634.
  14. ^ Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Moreno-Bernal, Jorge W.; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2019-06-18). "New Miocene Caribbean gavialoids and patterns of longirostry in crocodylians". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (12): 1049–1075. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1049S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1495275. ISSN 1477-2019.
  15. ^ Head, Jason J.; Rincon, Aldo F.; Suarez, Catalina; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos (2012-10-31). "Fossil evidence for earliest Neogene American faunal interchange: Boa (Serpentes, Boinae) from the early Miocene of Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (6): 1328–1334. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694387. ISSN 0272-4634.
  16. ^ a b c d e Cadena, E.; Bourque, J.R.; Rincón, A.F.; Bloch, J.I.; Jaramillo, C.A.; MacFadden, B.J. (2012). "New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin". Journal of Paleontology. 86 (3): 539–557. Bibcode:2012JPal...86..539C. doi:10.1666/11-106.1.
  17. ^ Jud, Nathan A.; Allen, Sarah E.; Nelson, Chris W.; Bastos, Carolina L.; Chery, Joyce G. (2021-04-07). Wong, William Oki (ed.). "Climbing since the early Miocene: The fossil record of Paullinieae (Sapindaceae)". PLOS ONE. 16 (4): e0248369. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1648369J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248369. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8026063. PMID 33826635.
  18. ^ a b c Herrera, Fabiany; Carvalho, Mónica R.; Jaramillo, Carlos; Manchester, Steven R. (July 2019). "19-Million-Year-Old Spondioid Fruits from Panama Reveal a Dynamic Dispersal History for Anacardiaceae". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 180 (6): 479–492. doi:10.1086/703551. ISSN 1058-5893.
  19. ^ a b Rodríguez-Reyes, Oris; Falcon-Lang, Howard; Gasson, Peter; Collinson, Margaret; Jaramillo, Carlos (October 2014). "Fossil woods (Malvaceae) from the lower Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Formation of Panama (Central America) and their biogeographic implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 209: 11–34. Bibcode:2014RPaPa.209...11R. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.05.006. ISSN 0034-6667.
  20. ^ Nelson, Chris W.; Jud, Nathan A. (2017-03-01). "Biogeographic Implications of Mammea paramericana sp. nov. from the Lower Miocene of Panama and the Evolution of Calophyllaceae". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 178 (3): 241–257. doi:10.1086/689618. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 89714823.
  21. ^ Graham, Alan; Montiel, Olga Martha; Raven, Peter H.; Stevens, Warren Douglas (2014). "Fruits of Oreomunnea (Juglandaceae) in the early Miocene of Panama". Paleobotany and biogeography :a festschrift for Alan Graham in his 80th year. Missouri Botanical Garden. pp. 124–133.
  22. ^ Rodriguez-Reyes, Oris; Gasson, Peter; Thornton, Carolyn; Falcon-Lang, Howard J.; Jud, Nathan A. (2017-12-06). "Panascleroticoxylon crystallosa gen. et sp. nov.: a new Miocene malpighialean tree from Panama". IAWA Journal. 38 (4): 437–455. doi:10.1163/22941932-20170178. ISSN 0928-1541.
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  24. ^ Rodríguez-Reyes, Oris; Gasson, Peter; Falcon-Lang, Howard J.; Collinson, Margaret E. (November 2017). "Fossil legume woods of the Prioria-clade (subfamily Detarioideae) from the lower Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Formation of Panama (Central America) and their systematic and palaeoecological implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 246: 44–61. Bibcode:2017RPaPa.246...44R. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.06.005.
  25. ^ Jud, Nathan A.; Nelson, Chris W. (May 2017). "A liana from the lower Miocene of Panama and the fossil record of Connaraceae". American Journal of Botany. 104 (5): 685–693. doi:10.3732/ajb.1700080. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 28500228.

Bibliography

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