Downward causation: Difference between revisions
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In [[philisophy]], '''downward causation''' is a [[causal relationship]] from higher levels of a system to lower level parts of that system: for example, mental events acting to cause physical events,<span class="reference" data-mw="{"name":"ref","body":{"html":"<span class=\"citation web\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;tsr&quot;:[222,499],&quot;src&quot;:&quot;{{cite web|url=https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf|title=The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions|author=Øistein Schmidt Galaaen|date=2006|accessdate=2013-06-07}}&quot;,&quot;dsr&quot;:[222,499,null,null]}\" about=\"#mwt7\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;cite web&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Cite_web&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf&quot;},&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions&quot;},&quot;author&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Øistein Schmidt Galaaen&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2006&quot;},&quot;accessdate&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2013-06-07&quot;}}}\">Øistein Schmidt Galaaen (2006). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;targetOff&quot;:130,&quot;a&quot;:{&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf&quot;},&quot;sa&quot;:{&quot;href&quot;:&quot;lationship]] from higher levels of a system to lower level parts of t&quot;}}\">\"The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions\"</a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;stx&quot;:&quot;html&quot;}\">. Retrieved 2013-06-07</span>.</span><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+causation&amp;rft.au=%C3%98istein+Schmidt+Galaaen&amp;rft.aulast=%C3%98istein+Schmidt+Galaaen&amp;rft.btitle=The+Disturbing+Matter+of+Downward+Causation%3A+A+Study+of+the+Exclusion+Argument+and+its+Causal-Explanatory+Presuppositions&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebspace.utexas.edu%2Fdeverj%2Fpersonal%2Ftest%2Fdisturbingmatter.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook\" class=\"Z3988\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;stx&quot;:&quot;html&quot;}\" about=\"#mwt7\"><span style=\"display:none;\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;stx&quot;:&quot;html&quot;}\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;,&quot;srcContent&quot;:&quot;&nbsp;&quot;}\">&nbsp;</span></span></span>"},"attrs":{"name":"Galaaen2006"}}" id="cite_ref-Galaaen2006-1-0" rel="dc:references"><a href="#cite_note-Galaaen2006-1">[1]</a></span> The term was originally coined in 1974 by the philosopher and social scientist [[Donald T. Campbell]].<span class="reference" data-mw="{"name":"ref","body":{"html":"<span class=\"citation web\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;tsr&quot;:[613,747],&quot;src&quot;:&quot;{{cite web|url=http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DOWNCAUS.html|title=Downward Causation|publisher=Principia Cybernetica|accessdate=2013-06-07}}&quot;,&quot;dsr&quot;:[613,747,null,null]}\" about=\"#mwt8\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;cite web&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Cite_web&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DOWNCAUS.html&quot;},&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Downward Causation&quot;},&quot;publisher&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Principia Cybernetica&quot;},&quot;accessdate&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2013-06-07&quot;}}}\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DOWNCAUS.html\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;targetOff&quot;:67,&quot;a&quot;:{&quot;href&quot;:&quot;http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DOWNCAUS.html&quot;},&quot;sa&quot;:{&quot;href&quot;:&quot;rd causation''' is a [[causal relation&quot;}}\">\"Downward Causation\"</a>. Principia Cybernetica<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;stx&quot;:&quot;html&quot;}\">. Retrieved 2013-06-07</span>.</span><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+causation&amp;rft.btitle=Downward+Causation&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpespmc1.vub.ac.be%2FDOWNCAUS.html&amp;rft.pub=Principia+Cybernetica&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook\" class=\"Z3988\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;stx&quot;:&quot;html&quot;}\" about=\"#mwt8\"><span style=\"display:none;\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;stx&quot;:&quot;html&quot;}\"><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" data-parsoid=\"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;,&quot;srcContent&quot;:&quot;&nbsp;&quot;}\">&nbsp;</span></span></span>"},"attrs":{}}" id="cite_ref-2-0" rel="dc:references"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></span><span class="reference" data-mw="{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Galaaen2006"}}" id="cite_ref-Galaaen2006-1-1" rel="dc:references"><a href="#cite_note-Galaaen2006-1">[1]</a></span> |
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In [[philisophy]], '''downward causation''' is a [[causal relationship]] from higher levels of a system to lower level parts of that system: for example, mental events acting to cause physical events,<ref name=Galaaen2006>{{cite web|url=https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf|title=The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions|author=Øistein Schmidt Galaaen|date=2006|accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref> The term was originally coined in 1974 by the philosopher and social scientist [[Donald T. Campbell]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DOWNCAUS.html|title=Downward Causation|publisher=Principia Cybernetica|accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref><ref name=Galaaen2006/> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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#<span rel="mw:referencedBy">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Galaaen2006-1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Galaaen2006-1-1">1.1</a></span><span><span class="citation web" data-mw="{"target":{"wt":"cite web","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"url":{"wt":"https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf"},"title":{"wt":"The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions"},"author":{"wt":"Øistein Schmidt Galaaen"},"date":{"wt":"2006"},"accessdate":{"wt":"2013-06-07"}}}">Øistein Schmidt Galaaen (2006). [lationship]] from higher levels of a system to lower level parts of t "The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2013-06-07</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+causation&rft.au=%C3%98istein+Schmidt+Galaaen&rft.aulast=%C3%98istein+Schmidt+Galaaen&rft.btitle=The+Disturbing+Matter+of+Downward+Causation%3A+A+Study+of+the+Exclusion+Argument+and+its+Causal-Explanatory+Presuppositions&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebspace.utexas.edu%2Fdeverj%2Fpersonal%2Ftest%2Fdisturbingmatter.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> |
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#<span rel="mw:referencedBy"><a href="#cite_ref-2-0">↑</a></span> <span><span class="citation web" data-mw="{"target":{"wt":"cite web","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"url":{"wt":"http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DOWNCAUS.html"},"title":{"wt":"Downward Causation"},"publisher":{"wt":"Principia Cybernetica"},"accessdate":{"wt":"2013-06-07"}}}">[rd causation''' is a [[causal relation "Downward Causation"]. Principia Cybernetica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2013-06-07</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+causation&rft.btitle=Downward+Causation&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpespmc1.vub.ac.be%2FDOWNCAUS.html&rft.pub=Principia+Cybernetica&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> |
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== Further reading == |
== Further reading == |
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* Campbell, Donald T. (1974) "Downward causation in hierarchically organised biological systems". In [[Francisco Jose Ayala]] and [[Theodosius Dobzhansky]] (Eds.), ''Studies in the philosophy of biology: Reduction and related problems,'' pp. 179–186. London/Basingstoke: Macmillan. |
* Campbell, Donald T. (1974) "Downward causation in hierarchically organised biological systems". In [[Francisco Jose Ayala]] and [[Theodosius Dobzhansky]] (Eds.), ''Studies in the philosophy of biology: Reduction and related problems,'' pp. 179–186. London/Basingstoke: Macmillan. |
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* Campbell, Donald T. "Evolutionary Epistemology", in P.A.Schilpp, ed., ''The Philosophy of Karl Popper'' (Open Court, LaSalle, Il, 1974). pp. 413-463 |
* Campbell, Donald T. "Evolutionary Epistemology", in [[P. A. Schilpp]], ed., ''The Philosophy of Karl Popper'' (Open Court, LaSalle, Il, 1974). pp. 413-463 |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Supervenience]] |
* [[Supervenience]] |
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<td>''This [[philosophy]]-related article is a [[Wikipedia:stub|stub]]. You can help Wikipedia by [ace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf|title=The expanding it].''<div class="noprint plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-view">[[Template:Philo-stub|<span title="View this template" style>v</span>]]</li><li class="nv-talk">[[Template talk:Philo-stub|<span title="Discuss this template" style>t</span>]]</li><li class="nv-edit">[e=Downward Causation|publisher=Principia Cybernetica|accessdate=2013 <span title="Edit this template" style>e</span>]</li></ul></div></td> |
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Revision as of 09:59, 7 June 2013
In philisophy, downward causation is a causal relationship from higher levels of a system to lower level parts of that system: for example, mental events acting to cause physical events,<span class="reference" data-mw="{"name":"ref","body":{"html":"<span class=\"citation web\" data-parsoid=\"{"tsr":[222,499],"src":"Øistein Schmidt Galaaen (2006). "The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-06-07.","dsr":[222,499,null,null]}\" about=\"#mwt7\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{"target":{"wt":"cite web","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"url":{"wt":"https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf"},"title":{"wt":"The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions"},"author":{"wt":"Øistein Schmidt Galaaen"},"date":{"wt":"2006"},"accessdate":{"wt":"2013-06-07"}}}\">Øistein Schmidt Galaaen (2006). <a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf\%22 data-parsoid=\"{"targetOff":130,"a":{"href":"https://webspace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf"},"sa":{"href":"lationship]] from higher levels of a system to lower level parts of t"}}\">\"The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions\"</a>. Retrieved 2013-06-07."},"attrs":{"name":"Galaaen2006"}}" id="cite_ref-Galaaen2006-1-0" rel="dc:references"><a href="#cite_note-Galaaen2006-1">[1]</a> The term was originally coined in 1974 by the philosopher and social scientist Donald T. Campbell.<span class="reference" data-mw="{"name":"ref","body":{"html":"<span class=\"citation web\" data-parsoid=\"{"tsr":[613,747],"src":""Downward Causation". Principia Cybernetica. Retrieved 2013-06-07.","dsr":[613,747,null,null]}\" about=\"#mwt8\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{"target":{"wt":"cite web","href":"./Template:Cite_web"},"params":{"url":{"wt":"http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DOWNCAUS.html"},"title":{"wt":"Downward Causation"},"publisher":{"wt":"Principia Cybernetica"},"accessdate":{"wt":"2013-06-07"}}}\"><a rel=\"mw:ExtLink\" href=\"http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DOWNCAUS.html\%22 data-parsoid=\"{"targetOff":67,"a":{"href":"http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DOWNCAUS.html"},"sa":{"href":"rd causation is a [[causal relation"}}\">\"Downward Causation\"</a>. Principia Cybernetica. Retrieved 2013-06-07."},"attrs":{}}" id="cite_ref-2-0" rel="dc:references"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Galaaen2006-1">[1]</a>
References
- ↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Galaaen2006-1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Galaaen2006-1-1">1.1</a>Øistein Schmidt Galaaen (2006). [lationship]] from higher levels of a system to lower level parts of t "The Disturbing Matter of Downward Causation: A Study of the Exclusion Argument and its Causal-Explanatory Presuppositions"]. Retrieved 2013-06-07.
- <a href="#cite_ref-2-0">↑</a> [rd causation is a [[causal relation "Downward Causation"]. Principia Cybernetica. Retrieved 2013-06-07.
Further reading
- Campbell, Donald T. (1974) "Downward causation in hierarchically organised biological systems". In Francisco Jose Ayala and Theodosius Dobzhansky (Eds.), Studies in the philosophy of biology: Reduction and related problems, pp. 179–186. London/Basingstoke: Macmillan.
- Campbell, Donald T. "Evolutionary Epistemology", in P. A. Schilpp, ed., The Philosophy of Karl Popper (Open Court, LaSalle, Il, 1974). pp. 413-463
See also
| This philosophy-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by [ace.utexas.edu/deverj/personal/test/disturbingmatter.pdf|title=The expanding it]. | |