Fiorinia: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
recast for accepted insect genus
Tag: Redirect target changed
replaced redirect with article
Tag: Removed redirect
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Genus of scale insects}}
#REDIRECT [[Fioriniina]]
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Fiorinia externa on Tsuga canadensis.jpg
| image_caption = A) underside of hemlock leaf infested by ''Fiorinia externa'' B) close up
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Fiorinia
| authority = Targioni Tozzetti, 1868<ref name=ScalenetFiorinia/>
}}


'''''Fiorinia''''' is a genus of armored scale insects (family Diaspididae) with around 70 species. The species are widely distributed around the world, however, the large majority of them are found in Asia. They infest woody plants like forest or crop trees, palm trees and shrubs.<ref name=ScalenetFiorinia/> Several species are invasive and 7 species have been introduced into North America.<ref name=Ahmed2021/>
{{R from subtopic}}

{{R animal with possibilities}}
Type species: ''Fiorinia pellucida'' Targioni Tozzetti, 1868, a synonym of ''[[Fiorinia fioriniae]]''.<ref name=ScalenetFiorinia/>

==Description==
The species of ''Fiorinia'' are "pupillarial" scales which means the scale cover is formed by the second-instar female and the adult female remains inside the second-instar exuviae. Apart from this feature, the genus is similar morphologically to the genus ''[[Pseudaulacaspis]]'', with small differences in the marginal gland spines and the dorsal macroducts.<ref name=ScalenetFiorinia/> Both genera together with several others form the subtribe [[Fioriniina]]. The relationship within this subtribe has been established by a molecular phylogenetic analysis.<ref name=Normark2019/>

The scale cover is elongated and has a length of around 1.0-1.5 mm. The individual species may be characterized by the size and colour pattern of the adult female, the structure of the pygidium, other features and the morphology and colour of the males.<ref name=ScalenetFiorinia/>

==Biology==
The host range typically includes several plant families and may be very large for some species. For example 19 plant families, 26 plant genera and more than 40 plant species are listed as hosts for ''Fiorinia theae''. The main groups of host plants are broad-leaved trees and shrubs, conifers and palm trees.<ref name=ScalenetFiorinia/>

==Distribution==
The large majority of species can be found in tropical and subtropical parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands. Distribution records from other regions are often indicative of accidental introductions from Asia.<ref name=Ahmed2021/><ref name=gbif2084593/>

==Importance==
Several species are regarded as agricultural pests. These include:
* ''[[Fiorinia externa]]'', the elongated hemlock scale, a species native to eastern Asia that has been accidentally introduced into eastern North America, where it infests hemlock (''Tsuga'') and other conifers.
* ''[[Fiorinia phantasma]]'', the phantasma scale, a pest of palm trees, other ornamentals and some fruit trees which is found in various regions.
* ''[[Fiorinia theae]]'', the tea scale, a widely distributed polyphagous species which infests, apart from tea, various wild and cultivated shrubs and trees like citrus and ''Ilex'' species.

==List of species==
The genus includes around 70 species, in the following, the more common ones are listed:
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* ''[[Fiorinia arengae]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia distinctissima]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia drimydis]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia euryae]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia expansa]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia externa]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia ficicola]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia fioriniae]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia formosensis]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia horii]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia japonica]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia juniperi]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia linderae]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia minor]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia phantasma]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia phoenicis]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia pinicola]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia proboscidaria]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia quercifolii]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia rhododendri]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia saprosmae]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia smilaceti]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia taiwana]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia theae]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia turpiniae]]''
* ''[[Fiorinia vacciniae]]''
}}


==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=ScalenetFiorinia>
{{Cite web
| url = https://scalenet.info/catalogue/Fiorinia/
| title = ''Fiorinia'' Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
| website = ScaleNet
| access-date = 8 April 2024
}}</ref>

<ref name=Ahmed2021>
{{Cite journal| title = Taxonomic and identification review of adventive ''Fiorinia'' Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) of the United States
| first1 = Muhammad Z.| last1 = Ahmed
| first2 = Matthew R.| last2 = Moore
| first3 = Eric A.| last3 = Rohrig
| first4 = Cindy L.| last4 = McKenzie
| first5 = Di| last5 = Lui
| first6 = Jinian| last6 = Feng
| first7 = Benjamin B.| last7 = Normark
| first8 = Douglass R.| last8 = Miller
| journal = ZooKeys| date = 2021| issue = 1065| pages = 141–203
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.1065.69171| doi-access = free
}}</ref>

<ref name=Normark2019>
{{Cite journal| title = Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)
| first1 = Benjamin B.| last1 = Normark
| first2 = Akiko| last2 = Okusu
| first3 = Geoffrey E.| last3 = Morse
| first4 = Daniel A.| last4 = Peterson
| first5 = Takao| last5 = Itioka
| first6 = Scott A.| last6 = Schneider
| journal = Zootaxa| date = 2019| volume = 4616|issue = 1| pages = 1–98
| doi = 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4616.1.1| doi-access = free
}}</ref>

<ref name=gbif2084593>
{{Cite web
| url = https://www.gbif.org/species/2084593
| title = ''Fiorinia'' Targioni-Tozzetti, 1869
| website = Global Biodiversity Information Facility
| access-date = 8 April 2024
}}</ref>
}}

{{Wikispecies}}


[[Category:Sternorrhyncha genera]]
[[Category:Diaspidini]]
[[Category:Diaspidini]]
[[Category:Diaspididae]]
[[Category:Sternorrhyncha genera]]

Revision as of 13:49, 9 April 2024

Fiorinia
A) underside of hemlock leaf infested by Fiorinia externa B) close up
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
Family: Diaspididae
Tribe: Diaspidini
Subtribe: Fioriniina
Genus: Fiorinia
Targioni Tozzetti, 1868[1]

Fiorinia is a genus of armored scale insects (family Diaspididae) with around 70 species. The species are widely distributed around the world, however, the large majority of them are found in Asia. They infest woody plants like forest or crop trees, palm trees and shrubs.[1] Several species are invasive and 7 species have been introduced into North America.[2]

Type species: Fiorinia pellucida Targioni Tozzetti, 1868, a synonym of Fiorinia fioriniae.[1]

Description

The species of Fiorinia are "pupillarial" scales which means the scale cover is formed by the second-instar female and the adult female remains inside the second-instar exuviae. Apart from this feature, the genus is similar morphologically to the genus Pseudaulacaspis, with small differences in the marginal gland spines and the dorsal macroducts.[1] Both genera together with several others form the subtribe Fioriniina. The relationship within this subtribe has been established by a molecular phylogenetic analysis.[3]

The scale cover is elongated and has a length of around 1.0-1.5 mm. The individual species may be characterized by the size and colour pattern of the adult female, the structure of the pygidium, other features and the morphology and colour of the males.[1]

Biology

The host range typically includes several plant families and may be very large for some species. For example 19 plant families, 26 plant genera and more than 40 plant species are listed as hosts for Fiorinia theae. The main groups of host plants are broad-leaved trees and shrubs, conifers and palm trees.[1]

Distribution

The large majority of species can be found in tropical and subtropical parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands. Distribution records from other regions are often indicative of accidental introductions from Asia.[2][4]

Importance

Several species are regarded as agricultural pests. These include:

  • Fiorinia externa, the elongated hemlock scale, a species native to eastern Asia that has been accidentally introduced into eastern North America, where it infests hemlock (Tsuga) and other conifers.
  • Fiorinia phantasma, the phantasma scale, a pest of palm trees, other ornamentals and some fruit trees which is found in various regions.
  • Fiorinia theae, the tea scale, a widely distributed polyphagous species which infests, apart from tea, various wild and cultivated shrubs and trees like citrus and Ilex species.

List of species

The genus includes around 70 species, in the following, the more common ones are listed:


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti, 1868". ScaleNet. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  2. ^ a b Ahmed, Muhammad Z.; Moore, Matthew R.; Rohrig, Eric A.; McKenzie, Cindy L.; Lui, Di; Feng, Jinian; Normark, Benjamin B.; Miller, Douglass R. (2021). "Taxonomic and identification review of adventive Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) of the United States". ZooKeys (1065): 141–203. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1065.69171.
  3. ^ Normark, Benjamin B.; Okusu, Akiko; Morse, Geoffrey E.; Peterson, Daniel A.; Itioka, Takao; Schneider, Scott A. (2019). "Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)". Zootaxa. 4616 (1): 1–98. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4616.1.1.
  4. ^ "Fiorinia Targioni-Tozzetti, 1869". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
Wikispecies has information related to Fiorinia.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiorinia&oldid=1218060885"