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Magnetic resonance therapy is an alternative treatment method based on the physical principle of magnetic resonance. It aims to activate reparative processes in specific cells and tissues. There is no major clinical trial supporting the effectiveness of the method.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] The field generated is approximately 10,000 weaker than a diagnostic MRI,^[6] standard modern MRI machines being around 1.5 tesla.

Evidence

Several in vivo, in vitro and animal model studies were performed.^[7] Observed data were presented at medical congresses and represented in publications.

Based on first qualitative evidence that magnetic resonance might regenerate cartilage tissue,^[8] a number of further studies were conducted.

Studies have shown that NMR may have therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis. The treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the hand or finger joints resulted in an improvement in the physical function of the hand.^[2]

There is also evidence that functionality and rehabilitation success is improved for patients with chronic lower back pain.^[1]

Further evidence for the effectiveness of magnetic resonance therapy was given by in vitro studies on chondrocytes, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and the extracellular matrix.

It was demonstrated, that the method caused a proliferation of the chondrocytes as well as of the osteoblasts.^[3] Further, experiments using the technology with fibroblast cultures revealed a significant change in protein synthesis.^[9] In addition, crosslinking of collagen and the extracellular matrix was affected.

Application

Supporters of the therapy claim a broad indication spectrum in nonconservative orthopedics. It is intended as a complementary therapeutic method to support the range of service of orthopedics and accident surgery.

The therapy is used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, in particular osteoarthritis of joints and for the treatment of sprained ligaments, tendon extension and sports injuries. Moreover, the therapy is applied for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as well as disorder of metabolisms in the area of bones.

References

^ ^a ^b W. Kullich, H. Schwann, J. Walcher, K. Machreich (2006). "The effect of MBST with complex 3-dimensional electromagnetic nuclear resonance fields on patients with low back pain." Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 19:79-87 abstract
^ ^a ^b W. Kullich, M. Außerwinkler (2008). "Functional improvement in finger joint osteoarthritis with therapeutic use of nuclear magnetic resonance." Orthopedic Practice. S. 287-290 poster
^ ^a ^b Temiz-Artmann A, Linder P, Kayser, Digel I, Artmann GM, Lücker P (2005). PMID 16179956 "NMR in vitro effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and viability of human chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Methods Find", Exp Clin Pharmacol 27:391-4
^ A. Levers, M. Staat, W. van Laack (2011). "Analysis of the Long-term Effect of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Therapy on Gonarthrosis"s Special edition from Orthopedic Practice 11 abstract
^ Jansen H, Frey SP, Paletta J, Meffert RH. (2011). "Effects of low-energy NMR on posttraumatic osteoarthritis: observations in a rabbit model", Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. (6):863-8. PMID 21063883
^ http://www.mbst.de/en/faq/
^ D. Krpan (2011) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Therapy. The new possible of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis treatment. Balneoclimatologia . Volume 35 Broj 3
^ Froböse I, Eckey U, Reiser M, Glaser C, Englmeier F, Assheuer J, Breitgraf G (2000) "Evaluation of the effectiveness of three-dimensional pulsating electromagnetic fields in respect to the regeneration of cartilage structures", Orthopedic Practice 36: 510-15.
^ I. Digel , E. Kuruglan, Pt. Linder, P. Kayser, D. Porst, G. J. Braem, K. Zerlin, G. M. Artmann, A. Temiz Artmann (2007). "Decrease in extracellular collagen crosslinking after NMR magnetic field application in skin fibroblasts." Med Biol Eng Comput. Jan;45(1):91-7 PMID 7203317

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 '''Magnetic resonance therapy''' is an alternative treatment method based on the physical principle of [[nuclear magnetic resonance|magnetic resonance]]. It aims to activate reparative processes in specific [[Cell (biology)|cells]] and [[tissue (biology)|tissues]]. There is no major clinical trial supporting the effectiveness of the method.<ref name=kullich_back>W. Kullich, H. Schwann, J. Walcher, K. Machreich (2006). "The effect of MBST with complex 3-dimensional electromagnetic nuclear resonance fields on patients with low back pain." ''Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation'', '''19''':79-87 [http://iospress.metapress.com/content/98qqy96ukr00y1wb/ abstract]</ref><ref name=kullich_praxis>W. Kullich, M. Außerwinkler (2008). "Functional improvement in finger joint osteoarthritis with therapeutic use of nuclear magnetic resonance." ''Orthopedic Practice''. S. 287-290 [http://www.mbst-science.com/en/pdf/studien/Poster_Hand_05-08_Engl.pdf poster]</ref><ref name=temiz>Temiz-Artmann A, Linder P, Kayser, Digel I, Artmann GM, Lücker P (2005). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179956 PMID 16179956 "NMR in vitro effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and viability of human chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Methods Find"], ''Exp Clin Pharmacol'' '''27''':391-4</ref><ref name=laak>A. Levers, M. Staat, W. van Laack (2011). "Analysis of the Long-term Effect of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Therapy on Gonarthrosis"s Special edition from ''Orthopedic Practice'' '''11''' [http://opus.bibliothek.fh-aachen.de/opus/volltexte/2011/350/ abstract]</ref><ref>Jansen H, Frey SP, Paletta J, Meffert RH. (2011). "Effects of low-energy NMR on posttraumatic osteoarthritis: observations in a rabbit model", ''Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.'' '''(6)''':863-8. PMID 21063883</ref> The field generated is approximately 10,000 weaker than a diagnostic MRI,<ref>http://www.mbst.de/en/faq/</ref> standard modern MRI machines being around 1.5&nbsp;[[Tesla (unit)|tesla]].
-==Functional principle==
-{{main|nuclear magnetic resonance}}
-{{for|detailed information|nuclear spin|magnetic resonance imaging}}
-Exposing [[atomic nucleus|nuclei]] to a [[magnetic field]] causes them to arrange themselves in relation to the field. They [[spin (physics)|spin]] around their own axis ([[precession]]) and the speed is givenby the [[larmor precession|Larmor frequence]] <math>\omega</math>.
-After the nuclei have been aligned along the field they are be exposed to a [[radio waves|radio magnetic pulse]]. If the precession frequence is the same as the frequence of the applied radio wave, the nuclei will absorb energy from the radio waves. Hence, nuclear magnetic resonance is the selective absorption of specific frequences of radio waves by atomic nuclei in a magnetic field.
-The spin vectors will then start to move in phase and fall back in equilibrium as soon as the radio wave is switched off. The absorbed energy will be transmitted as radiation.
-This process gives information about the molecular structure of the material and is applied in medicine to obtain images by observing the [[magnetic moments]] of [[hydrogen atom|hydrogen nuclei]] in the body ([[magnetic resonance imaging]]).<ref>Loeffler W,  Oppelt A (1981). "Physical principles of NMR tomography PMID 7346283", ''Eur J Radiol.''  '''Nov;1'''(4):338-44.</ref>
-Given that hydrogen nuclei respond differently in various biological tissue structures, it is aimed by practitioners of the method to take advantage of this process in magnetic resonance therapy.<ref name=krpan>D. Krpan (2011) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Therapy. The new possible of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis treatment. Balneoclimatologia . Volume 35 Broj 3</ref>
-The technical specific feature of the method is that the physical technique of 'adiabatic fast passage' is used to generate the magnetic resonant spin activation.<ref>E. Kupce (2001) Applications of adiabatic pulses in biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance. Methods Enzymol. 338:82-111 PMID 11460562</ref><ref>A. Abragam (1961). The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism. International series of monographs on physics 32. Oxford University Press.</ref>
-The condition of 'adiabatic fast passage' is given by:
-<math> \left( \frac{dB_0}{dt} \cdot \frac{1}{B_1} \ge \gamma B_0 \right)  \wedge  \left( \frac{dB_0}{dt} \cdot \frac{1}{B_1} \gg \frac{1}{T_1} \right) </math>
-Whereby <math>B_1</math> is the magnetic excitation within the high frequency range and <math> dB_0/dt </math> is the rate of change of the magnetic excitation of the main field caused by the sweep field; <math>\gamma</math> is the [[gyromagnetic ratio|gyromagnetic constant]]. This condition assures that magnetic resonance is created despite small-or inhomogeneous magnetic fields.
 ==Evidence==
-Several in vivo, in vitro and animal model studies were performed.<ref name=krpan/> Observed data were presented at medical congresses and represented in publications.
+Several in vivo, in vitro and animal model studies were performed.<ref name=krpan>D. Krpan (2011) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Therapy. The new possible of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis treatment. Balneoclimatologia . Volume 35 Broj 3</ref> Observed data were presented at medical congresses and represented in publications.
 Based on first qualitative evidence that magnetic resonance might regenerate [[cartilage|cartilage tissue]],<ref name=frobose>Froböse I, Eckey U, Reiser M, Glaser C, Englmeier F, Assheuer J, Breitgraf G (2000) "Evaluation of the effectiveness of three-dimensional pulsating electromagnetic fields in respect to the regeneration of cartilage structures", ''Orthopedic Practice'' '''36''': 510-15.</ref> a number of further studies were conducted.

Revision as of 23:41, 17 July 2016

Evidence

Application

References

Further reading