Module:Citation/CS1

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This module and associated sub-modules support the Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 citation templates. In general, it is not intended to be called directly, but is called by one of the core CS1 and CS2 templates.

These files comprise the module support for CS1|2 citation templates:

CS1 | CS2 modules

live		sandbox		diff	description
	Module:Citation/CS1	Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox	[edit]	diff	Rendering and support functions
	Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration	Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox	[edit]	diff	Translation tables; error and identifier handlers
	Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist	Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox	[edit]	diff	List of active and deprecated CS1|2 parameters
	Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation	Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation/sandbox	[edit]	diff	Date format validation functions
	Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers	Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers/sandbox	[edit]	diff	Functions that support the named identifiers (ISBN, DOI, PMID, etc.)
	Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities	Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities/sandbox	[edit]	diff	Common functions and tables
	Module:Citation/CS1/COinS	Module:Citation/CS1/COinS/sandbox	[edit]	diff	Functions that render a CS1|2 template's metadata
	Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css	Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox/styles.css	[edit]	diff	CSS styles applied to the CS1|2 templates
	Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions	Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions/sandbox	[edit]	diff	List that maps common erroneous parameter names to valid parameter names

Other documentation:

• Module talk:Citation/CS1/Feature requests
• Module talk:Citation/CS1/COinS
• Module:Cs1 documentation support – a set of functions (some experimental) that extract information from the module suite for the purpose of documenting CS1|2
  • Module:Citation/CS1/doc/Category list – lists of category names taken directly from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration and Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox

testcases

• Module:Citation/CS1/testcases (run)
• Module:Citation/CS1/testcases/errors (run) – error and maintenance messaging
• Module:Citation/CS1/testcases/dates (run) – date validation
• Module:Citation/CS1/testcases/identifiers (run) – identifiers
• Module:Citation/CS1/testcases/anchor (run) – CITEREF anchors

The above documentation is transcluded from Module:Citation/CS1/doc. (edit | history)
Editors can experiment in this module's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit | run) pages.
Subpages of this module.

local z = {
    error_categories = {};
}

-- Formats a hidden comment for error trapping not intended to be visible to readers
function hiddencomment( content )
    return '<span style="display: none;" class="citation-comment">' .. content .. '</span>';
end

-- This returns a string with HTML character entities for wikitext markup characters.
function wikiescape(text)
    text = text:gsub( '[&\'%[%]{|}]', {    
            ['&'] = '&#38;',    
            ["'"] = '&#39;',    
            ['['] = '&#91;',    
            [']'] = '&#93;',    
            ['{'] = '&#123;',    
            ['|'] = '&#124;',	
            ['}'] = '&#125;' } );
    return text;
end

-- Create an HTML tag
function createTag(t, frame)
    local name = t.name or "!-- --"
    local content = t.contents or ""
    local attrs = {}
    for n,v in pairs(t.params) do
        if (v) then
            table.insert(attrs, n .. "=\"" .. wikiescape(v) .. "\"")
        else
            table.insert(attrs, n)
        end
    end
    if ("" == content) then
        return "<" .. name .. " " .. table.concat(attrs, " ") .. "/>"
    else
        return "<" .. name .. " " .. table.concat(attrs, " ") .. ">" .. content .. "</" .. name .. ">"
    end
end

--[[
This is a clone of mw.text.nowiki.  When the mw.text library is installed,
this can be replaced by a call to that library. 
]]
function nowiki( s )
    -- string.gsub is safe here, because we're only caring about ASCII chars
    s = string.gsub( s, '["&\'<=>%[%]{|}]', {
        ['"'] = '&#34;',
        ['&'] = '&#38;',
        ["'"] = '&#39;',
        ['<'] = '&#60;',
        ['='] = '&#61;',
        ['>'] = '&#62;',
        ['['] = '&#91;',
        [']'] = '&#93;',
        ['{'] = '&#123;',
        ['|'] = '&#124;',
        ['}'] = '&#125;',
    } )
    s = string.sub( string.gsub( '\n' .. s, '\n[#*:;]', {
        ["\n#"] = "\n&#35;",
        ["\n*"] = "\n&#42;",
        ["\n:"] = "\n&#58;",
        ["\n;"] = "\n&#59;",
    } ), 2 )
    s = string.gsub( s, '://', '&#58;//' )
    s = string.gsub( s, 'ISBN ', 'ISBN&#32;' )
    s = string.gsub( s, 'RFC ', 'RFC&#32;' )

    return s
end

-- Formats a wiki style external link
function externallinkid(args)
    local sep = args.separator or "&nbsp;"
    args.suffix = args.suffix or ""
    local url_string = args.id
    if args.encode == true or args.encode == nil then
        url_string = mw.uri.encode( url_string );
    end
    
    return "[[" .. args.link .. "|" .. args.label .. "]]" .. sep .. "[" .. args.prefix .. url_string .. args.suffix .. " " .. nowiki(args.id) .. "]"
end

-- Formats a wiki style internal link
function internallinkid(args)
    local sep = args.separator or "&nbsp;"
    args.suffix = args.suffix or ""
    return "[[" .. args.link .. "|" .. args.label .. "]]" .. sep .. "[[" .. args.prefix .. args.id .. args.suffix .. "|" .. nowiki(args.id) .. "]]"
end

-- Formats a link to Amazon
function amazon(id, domain)
    if ( nil == domain ) then 
        domain = "com"
    elseif ( "jp" == domain or "uk" == domain ) then
        domain = "co." .. domain
    end
    return externallinkid({link="Amazon Standard Identification Number",label="ASIN",prefix="//www.amazon."..domain.."/dp/",id=id,encode=false})
end

-- Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors.
function doi(id, inactive)
    local cat = ""
    
    local text;
    if ( inactive ~= nil ) then 
        text = "[[Digital object identifier|doi]]:" .. id;
        table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with DOIs inactive since " .. selectyear(inactive) );        
        inactive = " (inactive " .. inactive .. ")" 
    else 
        text = externallinkid({link="Digital object identifier",label="doi",prefix="http://dx.doi.org/",id=id,separator=":"})
        inactive = "" 
    end
    if ( string.sub(id,1,3) ~= "10." ) then
        table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with DOI errors" );        
        cat = ' <span class="error">Bad DOI (expected "10." prefix) in code number</span>'
    end
    return text .. inactive .. cat 
 end

-- Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions
function safeforurl( str )
    return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {    
        ['['] = '&#91;',	
        [']'] = '&#93;',	
        ['\n'] = ' ' } );
end

-- Converts a hyphen to a dash
function hyphentodash( str )
    if str == nil then
        return nil;
    end    
    if str:match( "[%[%]{}<>]" ) ~= nil then 
        return str;
    end    
    return str:gsub( '-', '–' );
end

-- Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... ''
function safeforitalics( str )
    --[[ Note: We can not use <i> for italics, as the expected behavior for
    italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that they will be inverted
    (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition, <i> and ''
    tend to interact poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy. ]]
    
    if str == nil or str == '' then
        return str;
    else
        if str:sub(1,1) == "'" then str = "<span />" .. str; end
        if str:sub(-1,-1) == "'" then str = str .. "<span />"; end
        return str;
    end
end

--[[
Joins a sequence of string together while checking for duplicate separation
characters.
]]
function safejoin( tbl, duplicate_char )
    --[[
    Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions.
    
    This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as 
    long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII.  The strings
    in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8.
    ]]
    
    local str = '';
    local comp = '';
    local end_chr = '';
    for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
        if value == nil then value = ''; end
        
        if str == '' then
            str = value;
        elseif value ~= '' then
            if value:sub(1,1) == '<' then
                -- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
                comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" );
            else
                comp = value;
            end
            
            if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then
                end_chr = str:sub(-1,-1);
                if end_chr == duplicate_char then
                    str = str:sub(1,-2) .. value;
                elseif end_chr == "'" then
                    if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then                  
                        str = str:sub(1, -4) .. "''" .. value;
                    else
                        str = str .. value;
                    end
                elseif end_chr == " " then
                    if str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. " " then
                        str = str:sub(1,-3) .. value;
                    else
                        str = str .. value;
                    end
                else
                    str = str .. value;
                end
            else
                str = str .. value;
            end
        end
    end
    return str;
end  

--[[
Return the year portion of a date string, if possible.  
Returns empty string if the argument can not be interpreted
as a year.
]]
function selectyear( str )
    -- Is the input a simple number?
    local num = tonumber( str ); 
    if num ~= nil and num > 0 and num < 2100 and num == math.abs(num) then
        return str;
    else
        -- Use formatDate to interpret more complicated formats
        local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
        local good, result;
        good, result = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'Y', str )
        if good then 
            return result;
        else
            -- Can't make sense of this input, return blank.
            return "";
        end
    end
end

-- Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors.
function openlibrary(id)
    local code = id:sub(-1,-1)
    if ( code == "A" ) then
        return externallinkid({link="Open Library",label="OL",prefix="http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL",id=id})
    elseif ( code == "M" ) then
        return externallinkid({link="Open Library",label="OL",prefix="http://openlibrary.org/books/OL",id=id})
    elseif ( code == "W" ) then
        return externallinkid({link="Open Library",label="OL",prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/works/OL",id=id})
    else
        table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with OL errors" );
        return externallinkid({link="Open Library",label="OL",prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/OL",id=id}) .. 
            ' <span class="error">Bad OL specified</span>';
    end
end

-- Attempts to convert names to initials.
function reducetoinitials(first)
    local initials = {}
    for word in string.gmatch(first, "%S+") do
        table.insert(initials, string.sub(word,1,1)) -- Vancouver format does not include full stops.
    end
    return table.concat(initials) -- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
end

-- Formats a list of people (e.g. authors / editors) 
function listpeople(control, people)
    local sep = control.sep;
    if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end
    local namesep = control.namesep
    local format = control.format
    local maximum = control.maximum
    local lastauthoramp = control.lastauthoramp;
    local text = {}
    local etal = false;
    for i,person in ipairs(people) do
        if (person.last ~= nil or person.last ~= "") then
            local mask = person.mask
            local one
            if ( maximum ~= nil and i == maximum + 1 ) then
                etal = true;
                break;
            elseif (mask ~= nil) then
                local n = tonumber(mask)
                if (n ~= nil) then
                    one = string.rep("&mdash;",n)
                else
                    one = mask
                end
            else
                one = person.last
                local first = person.first
                if (first ~= nil and first ~= '') then 
                    if ( "vanc" == format ) then first = reducetoinitials(first) end
                    one = one .. namesep .. first 
                end
                if (person.link ~= nil and person.link ~= "") then one = "[[" .. person.link .. "|" .. one .. "]]" end
            end
            table.insert(text, one)
        end
    end
    local count = #text;
    if count > 1 and lastauthoramp ~= nil and lastauthoramp ~= "" and not etal then
        text[count-1] = text[count-1] .. " & " .. text[count];
        text[count] = nil;
    end    
    local result = table.concat(text, sep) -- construct list
    if etal then 
        local etal_text = "et al."
        if (sepc == ".") then etal_text = "et al" end
        result = result .. " " .. etal_text;
    end
    
    if ( "scap" == format ) then result= createTag({name="span", contents=result, params={class="smallcaps", style="font-variant:small-caps;"}}) end -- if necessary wrap result in <span> tag to format in Small Caps
    return result, count
end

-- Generates a CITEREF anchor ID.
function anchorid(args)
    local P1 = args[1] or ""
    local P2 = args[2] or ""
    local P3 = args[3] or ""
    local P4 = args[4] or ""
    local P5 = args[5] or ""
    return "CITEREF" .. P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4 .. P5
end

-- Gets author list from the input arguments
function extractauthors(args)
    local authors = {};
    local i = 1;
    local last;
    
    while true do
        last = args["author" .. i .. "-last"] or args["author-last" .. i] or args["last" .. i] or args["surname" .. i] or args["Author" .. i] or args["author" .. i]
        if ( last and "" < last ) then -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter
            authors[i] = {
                last = last,
                first = args["author" .. i .. "-first"] or args["author-first" .. i] or args["first" .. i] or args["given" .. i],
                link = args["author" .. i .. "-link"] or args["author-link" .. i] or args["author" .. i .. "link"] or args["authorlink" .. i],
                mask = args["author" .. i .. "-mask"] or args["author-mask" .. i] or args["author" .. i .. "mask"] or args["authormask" .. i]
            }
        else
            break;
        end
        i = i + 1;
    end
    return authors;
end

-- Gets editor list from the input arguments
function extracteditors(args)
    local editors = {};
    local i = 1;
    local last;
    
    while true do
        last = args["editor" .. i .. "-last"] or args["editor-last" .. i] or args["EditorSurname" .. i] or args["Editor" .. i] or args["editor" .. i]
        if ( last and "" < last ) then -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter
            editors[i] = {
                last = last,
                first = args["editor" .. i .. "-first"] or args["editor-first" .. i] or args["EditorGiven" .. i],
                link = args["editor" .. i .. "-link"] or args["editor-link" .. i] or args["editor" .. i .. "link"] or args["editorlink" .. i],
                mask = args["editor" .. i .. "-mask"] or args["editor-mask" .. i] or args["editor" .. i .. "mask"] or args["editormask" .. i]
            }
        else
            break;
        end
        i = i + 1;
    end
    return editors;
end

--[[
This is the main function foing the majority of the citation
formatting.
]]
function citation0( config, args)
    -- Load Input Parameters

    local PPrefix = config.PPrefix or "p.&nbsp;"
    local PPPrefix = config.PPPrefix or "pp.&nbsp;"
    if ( nil ~= args.nopp ) then PPPrefix = "" PPrefix = "" end
    
    -- Transfer unnumbered arguments to numbered arguments if necessary.
    args["author1"] = args.author1 or args.author or args.authors
    args["author1-last"] = args["author1-last"] or args["author-last"] or args["last"]
    args["author1-first"] = args["author1-first"] or args["author-first"]
      or args.first or args.first1 or args.given or args.given1
    args["author1-link"] = args["author1-link"] or args["author-link"]
    args["author1-mask"] = args["author1-mask"] or args["author-mask"] or args["authormask"]
    args["author1link"] = args["author1link"] or args["authorlink"]    
    args["editor1"] = args["editor1"] or args["editor"]
    args["editor1-last"] = args["editor1-last"] or args["editor-last"]
    args["editor1-first"] = args["editor1-first"] or args["editor-first"]
    args["editor1-link"] = args["editor1-link"] or args["editor-link"]
    args["editor1-mask"] = args["editor1-mask"] or args["editor-mask"] or args["editormask"]
    args["editor1link"] = args["editor1link"] or args["editorlink"]    

    -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates define different field names for the same underlying things.    
    local Authors = args.authors
    local i 
    local a = extractauthors( args );

    local Coauthors = args.coauthors or args.coauthor 
    local Others = args.others 
    local EditorMask = args.editormask or args["editor-mask"]
    local EditorFormat = args["editor-format"] or args.editorformat
    local Editors = args.editors
    local e = extracteditors( args );

    local Year = args.year 
    local PublicationDate = args.publicationdate or args["publication-date"]
    local OrigYear = args.origyear
    local Date = args.date
    local LayDate = args.laydate
    ------------------------------------------------- Get title data
    local Title = args.title or args.encyclopaedia or args.encyclopedia or args.dictionary
    local BookTitle = args.booktitle
    local Conference = args.conference
    local TransTitle = args.trans_title
    local TitleNote = args.department
    local TitleLink = args.titlelink or args.episodelink
    local Chapter = args.chapter or args.contribution or args.entry
    local ChapterLink = args.chapterlink
    local TransChapter = args["trans-chapter"] or args.trans_chapter
    local TitleType = args.type
    local ArchiveURL = args["archive-url"] or args.archiveurl
    local URL = args.url or args.URL
    local ChapterURL = args["chapter-url"] or args.chapterurl
    local ConferenceURL = args["conference-url"] or args.conferenceurl
    local Periodical = args.journal or args.newspaper or args.magazine or args.work or args.periodical or args.encyclopedia or args.encyclopaedia
    if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
        if ( args.article and args.article ~= "") then
            if ( Title and Title ~= "") then Periodical = Title end
            Chapter = args.article
            TransChapter = TransTitle
            Title = ""            
        elseif ( Chapter == nil or Chapter == '' ) then
            if Title ~= args.encyclopedia then 
                Chapter = Title
                TransChapter = TransTitle
                Title = ""            
            end
        end
        if ( Periodical and Periodical ~= "") then
            if Periodical == Title or Periodical == Chapter then Periodical = '' end
        end
    end
    local Series = args.series or args.version
    local Volume = args.volume
    local Issue = args.issue or args.number
    local Position = nil
    local Page = args.p or args.page
    local Pages = hyphentodash( args.pp or args.pages )
    local At = args.at
    local page_error = false;
    
    if Page ~= nil and Page ~= '' then
        if (Pages ~= nil and Pages ~= '') or (At ~= nil and At ~= '') then
            Pages = nil;
            At = nil;
            page_error = true;
        end
    elseif Pages ~= nil and Pages ~= '' then
        if At ~= nil and At ~= '' then
            At = nil;
            page_error = true;
        end
    end
    
    local Edition = args.edition
    local PublicationPlace = args["publication-place"] or args.publicationplace or args.place or args.location
    local Location = PublicationPlace
    local PublisherName = args.publisher
    local SubscriptionRequired = args.subscription
    local Via = args.via
    local AccessDate = args["access-date"] or args.accessdate
    local ArchiveDate = args["archive-date"] or args.archivedate
    local Agency = args.agency
    local DeadURL = args.deadurl or "yes"           -- Only used is ArchiveURL is present.
    local Language = args.language or args["in"]
    local Format = args.format
    local Ref = args.ref or args.Ref
    local ARXIV = args.arxiv or args.ARXIV
    local ASIN = args.asin or args.ASIN 
    local ASINTLD = args["ASIN-TLD"] or args["asin-tld"]
    local BIBCODE = args.bibcode or args.BIBCODE
    local DOI = args.doi or args.DOI
    local DoiBroken = args.doi_inactivedate or args.doi_brokendate or args.DoiBroken
    local ID = args.id or args.ID
    local ISBN = args.isbn13 or args.isbn or args.ISBN
    local ISSN = args.issn or args.ISSN
    local JFM = args.jfm or args.JFM
    local JSTOR = args.jstor or args.JSTOR
    local LCCN = args.lccn or args.LCCN
    local MR = args.mr or args.MR
    local OCLC = args.oclc or args.OCLC
    local OL = args.ol or args.OL
    local OSTI = args.osti or args.OSTI
    local PMC = args.pmc or args.PMC
    local PMID = args.pmid or args.PMID
    local RFC = args.rfc or args.RFC
    local SSRN = args.ssrn or args.SSRN
    local ZBL = args.zbl or args.ZBL
    local Quote = args.quote or args.quotation
    local PostScript = args.postscript or "."
    local LaySummary = args.laysummary
    local LaySource = args.laysource
    local Transcript = args.transcript
    local TranscriptURL = args["transcript-url"] or args.transcripturl
    local sepc = args.separator or "."
    local LastAuthorAmp = args.lastauthoramp
    local no_tracking_cats = args["template doc demo"] or args.nocat or args.notracking or args["no-tracking"] or "";
    local MessageTail = "";

    if ( config.CitationClass == "journal" ) then
        if (URL == nil or URL == "") then
          if (PMC ~= nil and PMC ~="")
            then URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC" .. PMC
            else URL=""
          end
        end
    elseif ( config.CitationClass == "citation" ) then
        sepc = ","
        if ( Ref == nil ) then Ref = "harv" end
    end

    -- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
    
    -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
    if ( BookTitle ) then
        Chapter = Title
        ChapterLink = TitleLink
        TransChapter = TransTitle
        Title = BookTitle
        TitleLink = nil
        TransTitle = nil
    end
    -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite episode}}, before generation of COinS data.
    if config.CitationClass == "episode" then
        local AirDate = args.airdate
        local SeriesLink = args.serieslink
        local Season = args.season
        local SeriesNumber = args.seriesnumber or args.seriesno
        local Network = args.network
        local Station = args.station
        local s = {}
        if Issue ~= nil then table.insert(s, "episode " .. Issue) Issue = nil end
        if Season ~= nil then table.insert(s, "season " .. Season) end
        if SeriesNumber ~= nil then table.insert(s, "series " .. SeriesNumber) end
        local n = {}
        if Network ~= nil then table.insert(n, Network) end
        if Station ~= nil then table.insert(n, Station) end
        Date = Date or AirDate
        Chapter = Title
        ChapterLink = TitleLink
        TransChapter = TransTitle
        Title = Series
        TitleLink = SeriesLink
        TransTitle = nil
        local Sep = args["series-separator"] or args["separator"] or ". "
        Series = table.concat(s, Sep)
        ID = table.concat(n, Sep)
    end
    
    -- These data form a COinS tag (see <http://ocoins.info/>) which allows automated tools to parse the citation information.
    local OCinSdata = {} -- COinS metadata excluding id, bibcode, doi, etc.
    local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004" 
    OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
    if ( nil ~= Periodical ) then
        OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"
        OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "article"
        OCinSdata["rft.jtitle"] = Periodical
        if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.atitle"] = Title end
    end
    if ( nil ~= Chapter and "" ~= Chapter) then
        OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
        OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "bookitem"
        OCinSdata["rft.btitle"] = Chapter
        if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.atitle"] = Title end
    else
        OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "book"
	    if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.btitle"] = Title end
    end
    OCinSdata["rft.place"] = PublicationPlace
    OCinSdata["rft.date"] = Date or Year or PublicationDate
    OCinSdata["rft.series"] = Series
    OCinSdata["rft.volume"] = Volume
    OCinSdata["rft.issue"] = Issue
    OCinSdata["rft.pages"] = Page or Pages or At
    OCinSdata["rft.edition"] = Edition
    OCinSdata["rft.pub"] = PublisherName
    OCinSdata["rft.isbn"] = ISBN
    OCinSdata["rft.issn"] = ISSN
    OCinSdata["rft.jfm"] = JFM
    OCinSdata["rft.jstor"] = JSTOR
    OCinSdata["rft.lccn"] = LCCN
    OCinSdata["rft.mr"] = MR
    OCinSdata.rft_id = URL or ChapterURL
    if ( nil ~= a[1] and nil ~= a[1].last) then
    local last = a[1].last
	local first = a[1].first
	OCinSdata["rft.aulast"] = last
        if ( nil ~= first ) then 
	    OCinSdata["rft.aufirst"] = first
	    OCinSdata["rft.au"] = last .. (args.NameSep or ", ") .. first
	else
	    OCinSdata["rft.au"] = last
        end
    end
    local OCinSids = {} -- COinS data only for id, bibcode, doi, pmid, etc.
    OCinSids["info:arxiv"] = ARXIV
    OCinSids["info:asin"] = ASIN
    OCinSids["info:bibcode"] = BIBCODE
    OCinSids["info:doi"] = DOI
    OCinSids["info:oclcnum"] = OCLC
    OCinSids["info:olnum"] = OL
    OCinSids["info:osti"] = OSTI
    OCinSids["info:pmc"] = PMC
    OCinSids["info:pmid"] = PMID
    OCinSids["info:rfc"] = RFC
    OCinSids["info:ssrn"] = SSRN
    OCinSids["info:zbl"] = ZBL
    local OCinStitle = "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver  -- such as "Z39.88-2004"
    for name,value in pairs(OCinSids) do
        OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&rft_id=" .. mw.uri.encode(name .. "/" .. value)
    end
    for name,value in pairs(OCinSdata) do
        OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&" .. name .. "=" .. mw.uri.encode(value)
    end
    
    local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();
    OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:"
       .. this_page.prefixedText  -- end COinS data by page's non-encoded pagename

    if (Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "") and
        (Chapter == nil or Chapter == '') and
        (Title ~= nil and Title ~= "") then
            Chapter = Title
            ChapterLink = TitleLink
            TransChapter = TransTitle
            Title = nil
            TitleLink = nil
            TransTitle = nil            
    end

    -- Now perform various field substitutions.
    -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
    if ( Authors == nil ) then 
        local AuthorNameSep = args["author-name-separator"] or args["name-separator"] or ","
        AuthorNameSep = AuthorNameSep .. " "
        local AuthorSep = args["author-separator"] or ";"
        AuthorSep = AuthorSep .. " "
        local AuthorFormat = args["author-format"] or args.authorformat
        local AuthorMaximum = tonumber(args["display-authors"] or args.displayauthors) or 8
        local control = { sep = AuthorSep, namesep = AuthorNameSep, format = AuthorFormat, maximum = AuthorMaximum, lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp }
        Authors = listpeople(control, a) 
    end
    local EditorCount
    if ( Editors == nil ) then 
        local EditorNameSep = args["editor-name-separator"] or args["name-separator"] or ","
        EditorNameSep = EditorNameSep .. " "
        local EditorSep = args["editor-separator"] or ";"
        EditorSep = EditorSep .. " "
        local EditorFormat = args["editor-format"] or args.editorformat
        local EditorMaximum = tonumber(args["display-editors"] or args.displayeditors) or 3
        local control = { sep = EditorSep, namesep = EditorNameSep, format = EditorFormat, maximum = EditorMaximum, lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp }
        Editors, EditorCount = listpeople(control, e) 
    else
        EditorCount = 1;
    end
    if ( Date == nil or Date == "") then
--   there's something hinky with how this adds dashes to perfectly-good free-standing years
--[[        Date = Year
        if ( Date ~= nil ) then
            local Month = args.month
            if ( Month == nil ) then 
                local Began = args.began
                local Ended = args.ended
                if Began ~= nil and Ended ~= nil then
                    Month = Began .. "&ndash;" .. Ended
                else
                    Month = "&ndash;"
                end
            end
            Date = Month .. " " .. Date
            local Day = args.day
            if ( Day ~= nil ) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end
        end
]] -- so let's use the original version for now
        Date = Year
        if ( Date ~= nil and Date ~="") then
            local Month = args.month
            if ( Month ~= nil and Month ~= "") then 
                Date = Month .. " " .. Date 
                local Day = args.day
                if ( Day ~= nil ) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end
                else Month = ""
            end
            else Date = ""
        end
    end
    if ( PublicationDate == Date or PublicationDate == Year ) then PublicationDate = nil end
    if( (Date == nil or Date == "") and PublicationDate ~= nil ) then 
        Date = PublicationDate;
        PublicationDate = nil;
    end    

    -- Captures the value for Date prior to adding parens or other textual transformations
    local DateIn = Date
    
    -- Test if cite web is called without giving a URL
    if ( URL == nil or URL == '' ) and
            ( ChapterURL == nil or ChapterURL == '' ) and
            ( ArchiveURL == nil or ArchiveURL == '' ) and                
            ( ConferenceURL == nil or ConferenceURL == '' ) and                
            ( TranscriptURL == nil or TranscriptURL == '' ) then
        if ( config.CitationClass == "web" ) then
            table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages using web citations with no URL' );
            if MessageTail ~= '' then
                MessageTail = MessageTail .. ", no URL on cite web";
            else
                MessageTail = MessageTail .. "No URL on cite web";
            end
        end
        if ( AccessDate ~= nil and AccessDate ~= '' ) then
            table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL' );
            AccessDate = nil;
            if MessageTail ~= '' then
                MessageTail = MessageTail .. ", accessdate used without URL";
            else
                MessageTail = MessageTail .. "Accessdate used without URL"; 
            end
        end        
    end    

    -- Test if citation has no title
    if ( Chapter == nil or Chapter == "" ) and 
            ( Title == nil or Title == "" ) and
            ( Periodical == nil or Periodical == "" ) and
            ( Conference == nil or Conference == "" ) then
        table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with citations lacking titles' );
        if MessageTail ~= '' then
            MessageTail = MessageTail .. ", citation has no title";
        else
            MessageTail = MessageTail .. "Citation has no title"; 
        end 
    end

    if ( Format ~= nil and Format ~="" ) then
        Format = " (" .. Format .. ")" else Format = "" end
    
    local OriginalURL = URL
    if ( ArchiveURL and "" < ArchiveURL ) then
        if ( DeadURL ~= "no" ) then
            URL = ArchiveURL
        end
    end
    if ( TransTitle and "" < TransTitle ) then TransTitle = " [" .. TransTitle .. "&#93;" else TransTitle = "" end
    if ( TransChapter and "" < TransChapter ) then TransChapter = " [" .. TransChapter .. "&#93;" else TransChapter = "" end
    if ( Chapter and "" < Chapter ) then
        if ( ChapterLink and "" < ChapterLink ) then Chapter = "[[" .. ChapterLink .. "|" .. Chapter .. "]]" end
        if ( Periodical and "" < Periodical ) and (Title ~= nil and Title ~= "" )
        then
            Chapter = "''" .. safeforitalics(Chapter) .. "''"
        else
            Chapter = "\"" .. Chapter .. "\""
        end
        Chapter = Chapter .. TransChapter
        if ( ChapterLink == nil ) then
            if ( ChapterURL and "" < ChapterURL ) then
                Chapter = "[" .. ChapterURL .. " " .. safeforurl( Chapter )  .. "]"
            elseif ( URL and "" < URL ) then 
                Chapter = "[" .. URL .. " " .. safeforurl( Chapter ) .. "]" .. Format
                URL = nil
                Format = ""
            end
        end
        Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. " " -- with end-space
    else 
        Chapter = "" 
    end
    if ( Title and "" < Title ) then
        if ( TitleLink and "" < TitleLink ) then
            Title = "[[" .. TitleLink .. "|" .. Title .. "]]" end
        if ( Periodical and "" < Periodical ) then
            Title = "\"" .. Title .. "\""
        elseif ( config.CitationClass == "web"
              or config.CitationClass == "news" ) then
            Title = "\"" .. Title .. "\""
        else
            Title = "''" .. safeforitalics(Title) .. "''"
        end
        Title = Title .. TransTitle
        if ( TitleLink == nil and URL and "" < URL ) then 
            Title = "[" .. URL .. " " .. safeforurl( Title ) .. "]" .. Format
            URL = nil
            Format = ''
        end
    else 
        Title = "" 
    end
    if ( Conference ~= nil and Conference ~="" ) then
        if ( ConferenceURL ~= nil ) then
            Conference = "[" .. ConferenceURL .. " " .. safeforurl( Conference ) .. "]"
        end
        Conference = " " .. Conference
    else 
        Conference = "" 
    end
    if ( nil ~= Position or nil ~= Page or nil ~= Pages ) then At = nil end
    if ( nil == Position and "" ~= Position ) then
        local Minutes = args.minutes
        if ( nil ~= Minutes ) then
            Position = " " .. Minutes .. " minutes in"
        else
            local Time = args.time
            if ( nil ~= Time ) then
                local TimeCaption = args.timecaption or "Event occurs at"
                Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time
            else
                Position = ""
            end
        end
    else
        Position = " " .. Position
    end
    if ( nil == Page or "" == Page ) then 
        Page = "" 
        if ( nil == Pages or "" == Pages) then 
            Pages = ""
        elseif ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "web" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "book" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "news") then
            Pages = ": " .. Pages
        else
            if ( tonumber(Pages) ~= nil ) then
              Pages = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Pages
            else Pages = sepc .." " .. PPPrefix .. Pages
            end
        end
    else
        Pages = ""
        if ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "web" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "book" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "news") then
            Page = ": " .. Page
        else
            Page = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Page
        end
    end
    if ( At ~= nil and At ~="") then At = sepc .. " " .. At
    else At = "" end
    if ( Coauthors == nil ) then Coauthors = "" end
    if ( Others ~= nil and Others ~="" ) then
        Others = sepc .. " " .. Others else Others = "" end
    if ( TitleType ~= nil and TitleType ~="" ) then
        TitleType = " (" .. TitleType .. ")" else TitleType = "" end
    if ( TitleNote ~= nil and TitleNote ~="" ) then
        TitleNote = sepc .. " " .. TitleNote else TitleNote = "" end
    if ( PublicationPlace ~= nil and PublicationPlace ~="" ) then
        PublicationPlace = PublicationPlace .. ": "
        else PublicationPlace = "" end
    if ( Language ~= nil and Language ~="" ) then
        Language = " (in " .. Language .. ")" else Language = "" end
    if ( Edition ~= nil and Edition ~="" ) then
        Edition = " (" .. Edition .. " ed.)" else Edition = "" end
    if ( Volume ~= nil and Volume ~="" )
    then
        if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) > 4 )
          then Volume = sepc .." " .. Volume
          else Volume = " <b>" .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. "</b>"
        end
    else Volume = "" end
    if ( Issue ~= nil and Issue ~="" ) then
        Issue = " (" .. Issue .. ")" else Issue = "" end
    if ( Series ~= nil and Series ~="" ) then
        Series = sepc .. " " .. Series else Series = "" end
    if ( OrigYear ~= nil and OrigYear ~="" ) then
        OrigYear = " [" .. OrigYear .. "]" else OrigYear = "" end
    if ( Agency ~= nil and Agency ~="" ) then
        Agency = sepc .. " " .. Agency else Agency = "" end
    ------------------------------------ totally unrelated data
    if ( Date ~= nil ) then Date = Date else Date = "" end
    if ( Via ~= nil and Via ~="" ) then
        Via = " &mdash; via " .. Via else Via = "" end
    if ( AccessDate ~= nil and AccessDate ~="" )
    then local retrv_text = " retrieved "
         if (sepc == ".") then retrv_text = " Retrieved " end
         AccessDate = '<span class="reference-accessdate">'
         .. sepc .. retrv_text .. AccessDate .. '</span>'
    else AccessDate = "" end
    if ( SubscriptionRequired ~= nil and
         SubscriptionRequired ~= "" ) then
        SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. createTag({name="span", contents="(subscription required)", params={style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555"}})
    else
        SubscriptionRequired = ""
    end
    if ( ARXIV ~= nil and ARXIV ~= "" ) then
        ARXIV = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid({label="arXiv",link="arXiv",prefix="http://arxiv.org/abs/",id=ARXIV,separator=":",encode=false}) else ARXIV = "" end
    if ( ASIN ~= nil and ASIN ~= "" ) then 
        ASIN = sepc .. " " .. amazon(ASIN, ASINTLD) else ASIN = "" end
    if ( BIBCODE ~= nil and BIBCODE ~= "" ) then
        BIBCODE = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid({label="Bibcode",link="Bibcode",prefix="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/",id=BIBCODE,separator=":"}) else BIBCODE = "" end
    if ( DOI ~= nil and DOI ~= "" ) then
        DOI = sepc .. " " .. doi(DOI, DoiBroken) else DOI = "" end
    if ( ID ~= nil and ID ~="") then ID = sepc .." ".. ID else ID="" end
    if ( ISBN ~= nil and ISBN ~= "") then
        ISBN = sepc .. " " .. internallinkid({label="ISBN",link="International Standard Book Number",prefix="Special:BookSources/",id=ISBN}) else ISBN = "" end
    if ( ISSN ~= nil and ISSN ~="" ) then
        ISSN = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid({label="ISSN",link="International Standard Serial Number",prefix="//www.worldcat.org/issn/",id=ISSN,encode=false}) else ISSN = "" end
    if ( JFM ~= nil and JFM ~="" ) then
        JFM = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="JFM",link="Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik",prefix="http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:",id=JFM}) else JFM = "" end
    if ( JSTOR ~= nil and JSTOR ~="") then
        JSTOR = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="JSTOR",link="JSTOR",prefix="http://www.jstor.org/stable/",id=JSTOR}) else JSTOR = "" end
    if ( LCCN ~= nil and LCCN ~="" ) then
        LCCN = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="LCCN",link="Library of Congress Control Number",prefix="http://lccn.loc.gov/",id=LCCN,encode=false}) else LCCN = "" end
    if ( MR ~= nil and MR ~="" ) then
        MR = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="MR",link="Mathematical Reviews",prefix="http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=",id=MR}) else MR = "" end
    if ( OCLC ~= nil and OCLC ~="") then 
        OCLC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="OCLC",link="OCLC",prefix="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/",id=OCLC}) else OCLC = "" end
    if ( OL ~= nil and OL ~="") then
        OL = sepc .. " " .. openlibrary(OL) else OL = "" end    
    if ( OSTI ~= nil and OSTI ~="") then
        OSTI = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="OSTI",link="Office of Scientific and Technical Information",prefix="http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=",id=OSTI}) else OSTI = "" end
    if ( PMC ~= nil and PMC ~="") then
        PMC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="PMC",link="PubMed Central",prefix="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC",suffix=" ",id=PMC}) else PMC = "" end
    if ( PMID ~= nil and PMID ~="") then
        PMID = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="PMID",link="PubMed Identifier",prefix="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/",id=PMID,encode=false}) else PMID = "" end
    if ( RFC ~= nil and RFC ~="") then
        RFC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="RFC",link="Request for Comments",prefix="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc",id=RFC,encode=false}) else RFC = "" end
    if ( SSRN ~= nil and SSRN ~="") then
        SSRN = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="SSRN",link="Social Science Research Network",prefix="http://ssrn.com/abstract=",id=SSRN}) else SSRN = "" end
    if ( URL ~= nil and URL ~="") then
       URL = " " .. "[" .. URL .. " " .. nowiki(URL) .. "]";
       table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with citations having bare URLs" );
       if config.CitationClass == "web" then
           URL = URL .. " <span class='error'>No <code>title=</code> specified</span>"
       else
           URL = URL .. hiddencomment("Bare URL here");
       end       
    else
       URL = ""
    end
    if ( ZBL ~= nil and ZBL ~="") then
        ZBL = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="Zbl",link="Zentralblatt MATH",prefix="http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:",id=ZBL}) else ZBL = "" end
    if ( Quote and Quote ~="" ) then 
        if Quote:sub(1,1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '"' then
            Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2);
        end
        
        Quote = sepc .." \"" .. Quote .. "\"" 
        PostScript = ""
    else 
        if ( PostScript == nil) then PostScript = "" end
        Quote = "" 
    end
    local Archived
    if ( nil ~= ArchiveURL and "" ~= ArchiveURL ) then
        if ( ArchiveDate ~= nil and ArchiveDate ~="" ) then
            ArchiveDate = " " .. ArchiveDate
        else 
            ArchiveDate = " <span class='error'>If you specify <code>archiveurl=</code>, you must also specify <code>archivedate=</code></span> "
            table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors' );
        end
        local arch_text = " archived"
        if (sepc == ".") then arch_text = " Archived" end
        if ( "no" == DeadURL ) then
            Archived = sepc .. " [" .. ArchiveURL .. arch_text .. "] from the original on" .. ArchiveDate
        else
            if OriginalURL ~= nil and OriginalURL ~= '' then
                Archived = sepc .. arch_text .. " from [" .. OriginalURL .. " the original] on" .. ArchiveDate
            else
                Archived = sepc .. arch_text .. " from <span class='error'>If you specify <code>archiveurl=</code>" ..
                    ", you must also specify <code>url=</code></span> on" .. ArchiveDate
                table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors' );
            end                
        end
    else
        Archived = ""
    end
    local Lay
    if ( nil ~= LaySummary and "" ~= LaySummary ) then
        if ( LayDate ~= nil ) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" else LayDate = "" end
        if ( LaySource ~= nil ) then 
            LaySource = " &ndash; ''" .. safeforitalics(LaySource) .. "''" 
        else 
            LaySource = "" 
        end
        Lay = sepc .. " [" .. LaySummary .. " Lay summary]" .. LaySource .. LayDate
    else
        Lay = ""
    end
    if ( nil ~= Transcript and "" ~= Transcript ) then
        if ( TranscriptURL ~= nil ) then Transcript = "[" .. TranscriptURL .. Transcript .. "]" end
    else
        Transcript = ""
    end
    local Publisher = ""
    if ( Periodical and Periodical ~= "" and
         config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
         config.CitationClass ~= "web" ) then
        if ( PublicationDate and PublicationDate ~="" )
            then PublicationDate = " " .. PublicationDate
            else PublicationDate = "" end
        if ( PublisherName and PublisherName ~="" ) then
            Publisher = " (" .. PublicationPlace .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate .. ")"
        else
            if (Location ~= nil and Location ~= '') then Publisher= " (" .. Location .. ")"
            else Publisher = "" end
        end
    else
        if ( PublicationDate and PublicationDate ~="" ) then
            PublicationDate = " (published " .. PublicationDate .. ")"
            else PublicationDate = "" end
        if ( PublisherName and PublisherName ~="" ) then
            Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate
        else
            if (Location ~= nil and Location ~= '') then Publisher= sepc .. " " .. Location
            else Publisher = "" end
        end
    end
    -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
    if ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~="" ) then 
        if ( Title and Title ~= "") then 
            Periodical = sepc .. " ''" .. safeforitalics(Periodical) .. "''"
        else 
            Periodical = "''" .. safeforitalics(Periodical) .. "''"
        end
    else Periodical = "" end

    -- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
    -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
    -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.

    local tcommon
    if ( config.CitationClass == "journal" and
         Periodical ~= "" ) then
        if (Others ~= "") then Others = Others .. sepc .. " " end
        tcommon = safejoin( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Format, Conference, Periodical, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume, Issue, Position}, sepc );
    elseif ( config.CitationClass == "citation" ) or (config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
        tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Format, Conference, Periodical, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Issue, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Others, Position}, sepc );
    else 
        tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Series, Format, TitleType, Conference, Periodical, Language, Volume, Issue, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Position}, sepc );
    end
    
    local idcommon = safejoin( { ARXIV, ASIN, BIBCODE, DOI, ISBN, ISSN, JFM, JSTOR, LCCN, MR, OCLC, OL, OSTI, PMC, PMID, RFC, SSRN, URL, ZBL, ID, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc );

    local text
    local pgtext = Page .. Pages .. At
    if page_error then
        table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with citations using conflicting page specifications' );
        pgtext = pgtext .. hiddencomment('Bad page specification here');
    end
    
    if ( "" ~= Authors ) then
        if (Coauthors ~= "") 
          then Authors = Authors .. "; " .. Coauthors
        end
        if ( "" ~= Date )
          then Date = " ("..Date..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
          else
            if ( string.sub(Authors,-1,-1) == sepc) --check end character
              then Authors = Authors .. " "
              else Authors = Authors .. sepc .. " "
            end
        end
        if ( "" ~= Editors) then
            local in_text = " in "
            if (sepc == '.') then in_text = " In " end
            if (string.sub(Editors,-1,-1) == sepc)
                then Editors = in_text .. Editors .. " "
                else Editors = in_text .. Editors .. sepc .. " "
            end
        end
        text = safejoin( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Editors, tcommon }, sepc );
        text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
    elseif ( "" ~= Editors) then
        if ( "" ~= Date ) then
            if EditorCount <= 1 then
                Editors = Editors .. ", ed."
            else
                Editors = Editors .. ", eds."
            end
            Date = " (" .. Date ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
        else
            if EditorCount <= 1 then
                Editors = Editors .. " (ed.)" .. sepc .. " "
            else
                Editors = Editors .. " (eds.)" .. sepc .. " "
            end
        end
        text = safejoin( {Editors, Date, Chapter, tcommon}, sepc );
        text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
    else
        if ( "" ~= Date ) then
            if ( string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) ~= sepc )
              then Date = sepc .." " .. Date
              else Date = " " .. Date
            end
        end -- endif ""~=Date
        if ( config.CitationClass=="journal" and Periodical ) then
          text = safejoin( {Chapter, tcommon}, sepc );
          text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
        else
          text = safejoin( {Chapter, tcommon, Date}, sepc );
          text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
        end
    end
    
    if ( config.CitationClass == "citation") then PostScript = "" end
    if PostScript ~= '' and PostScript ~= nil and PostScript ~= sepc then
        text = safejoin( {text, sepc}, sepc );  --Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
        text = text:sub(1,-2); --Remove final seperator    
    end    
    
    text = safejoin( {text, PostScript}, sepc );

    -- Now enclose the whole thing in a <span/> element
    if ( Year == nil ) then
        if ( DateIn ~= nil and DateIn ~= "" ) then 
            Year = selectyear( DateIn )
        elseif( PublicationDate ~= nil and PublicationDate ~= "" ) then
            Year = selectyear( PublicationDate )
        else
            Year = ""
        end
    end
    local classname = "citation"
    if ( config.CitationClass ~= "citation" )
       then classname = "citation " .. (config.CitationClass or "") end
    local args = { class=classname }
    if ( Ref ~= nil ) then 
        local id = Ref
        if ( "harv" == Ref ) then
            local names = {} --table of last names & year
            if ( "" ~= Authors ) then
                for i,v in ipairs(a) do names[i] = v.last end
            elseif ( "" ~= Editors ) then
                for i,v in ipairs(e) do names[i] = v.last end
            end
            if ( names[1] == nil ) then 
                names[1] = Year 
            elseif ( names[2] == nil ) then 
                names[2] = Year 
            elseif ( names[3] == nil ) then
                names[3] = Year
            elseif ( names[4] == nil ) then
                names[4] = Year
            else
                names[5] = Year
            end
            id = anchorid(names)
        end
        args.id = id;
    end
    
    if string.len(text:gsub("<span[^>/]*>.-</span>", ""):gsub("%b<>","")) <= 2 then
        table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with empty citations' );
        text = '<span class="error">Citation is empty</span>';
    end
    
    text = createTag({name="span", contents=text, params=args})

    local empty_span = createTag( {name="span", contents="&nbsp;", params={style="display: none;"}} );
    
    -- Note: Using display: none on then COinS span breaks some clients.
    local OCinS = createTag({name="span", contents=empty_span, params={class="Z3988",title=OCinStitle }}) 
    text = text .. OCinS;
    
    if MessageTail ~= '' then
        text = text .. hiddencomment( MessageTail );
    end
    
    if no_tracking_cats == '' then
        for _, v in ipairs( z.error_categories ) do
            text = text .. '[[Category:' .. v ..']]';
        end
    end
    
    return text
end

-- This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text.
function z.citation(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    
    local args = {};
    for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do
        if v ~= '' then
            args[k] = v;
        elseif k == 'postscript' then
            args[k] = v;
        end        
    end    

    local config = {};
    for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
        config[k] = v;
    end    
    
    return citation0( config, args)
end

return z
---------------------------------------------------------------------
--NOTES
--
-- NOTE A1: This Lua module was originally designed to handle a mix
--      of citation styles, crossing Vancouver style with Wikipedia's
--      local Citation Style 1 (CS1) from {Template:Citation/core}.
--      However, the conflicting positions of parameters, scattered
--      in twisted locations across this module, led to a separate
--      variation just to untangle the CS1 format of citations.
--
-- NOTE D2: The placement of dots and other separators between the
--      displayed parameters has been a continual headache, to keep
--      coordinated with the data in parentheses "(data)". There
--      has been a need to pre-check for the existence of related
--      options, to keep from putting double-dots ".." in some cases.
--      In particular, the omission of the "title=" parameter has led
--      to several cases of a spurious dot ". ." because the original
--      design had treated the title as a mandatory parameter.
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--HISTORY:
--18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter by omitting " ".
--18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter/Title as end " " of Authors/Date/...
--19Oct2012 Put HISTORY comments to log major changes (not typos).
--19Oct2012 Fixed extra dot ".." in Title by omitting at end of "tcommon=...".
--19Oct2012 For pages, put &nbsp in "p.&nbsp;" etc.
--19Oct2012 Enhanced "pages=" to detect lone page as "p." else "pp." prefix.
--19Oct2012 Fixed to show "." after Periodical name (work, newspaper...).
--19Oct2012 Fixed web-link to have spaces "[...  Archived] from the original".
--19Oct2012 Fixed to show ";" between authors & coauthors.
--19Oct2012 Fixed to omit extra "." after coauthors.
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data to not urlencode all, as "ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004"
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not end as "&" but use lead "&rft...=" form.
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not url.encode page's "rfr_id=..." pagename.
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data when "web" to default to rft.genre "book".
--05Nov2012 Add a span wrapper even when there is no Ref parameter
--15Feb2013 Added Agency for "agency=xx".
--19Feb2013 Put NOTES comments to explain module operation.
--19Feb2013 Copied as Module:Citation/CS1 to alter to match wp:CS1 form.
--19Feb2013 Changed OrigYear to use [__] for CS1 style.
--19Feb2013 Fixed to not show duplicate Publisher/Agency.
--19Feb2013 Moved page-number parameters to after final date.
--19Feb2013 Fixed to not put double-dots after title again.
--20Feb2013 Changed to omit dot "." if already ends with dot.
--20Feb2013 If class "journal" shows Publisher after Periodical/Series.
--20Feb2013 Shifted Format to after Language, and Others after Volume.
--20Feb2013 Set AccessDate + <span class="reference-accessdate">
--20Feb2013 Fixed url when deadurl=no.
--20Feb2013 Added sepc for separator character between parameters.
--20Feb2013 Put "OCLC" for "Online Computer Library Center".
--20Feb2013 Fix empty "authorlink=" as person.link ~= "".
--20Feb2013 Added space after AuthorSep & AuthorNameSep.
--21Feb2013 Added args.contributor (was missing parameter).
--21Feb2013 Fixed EditorSep (was misspelled "EdithorSep").
--21Feb2013 Set OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
--21Feb2013 Checked to omit blank codes (asin= | doi= etc.).
--21Feb2013 Set enddot to end line if not config.CitationClass "citation".
--21Feb2013 Fixed to show "issn=x" as the ISSN code.
--21Feb2013 Fixed to show "id=x" after Zbl code.
--21Feb2013 Changed to omit double-dot before date when already dot.
--21Feb2013 Order config.CitationClass "citation": Volume, Issue, Publisher.
--21Feb2013 Put warning "Bad DOI (expected "10."..)" in DOI result.
--21Feb2013 Automatically unbolded volume+comma when > 4 long.
--21Feb2013 Changed to allow lowercase "asin-tld".
--22Feb2013 Fixed ref=harv to extract Year from Date.
--22Feb2013 Set Harvard refer. span id if config.CitationClass "citation".
--22Feb2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "citation" as span class="citation".
--22Feb2013 Capitalized "Archived/Retrieved" only when sepc is dot ".".
--23Feb2013 Fixed author editor for "in" or "In" and put space after sepc.
--23Feb2013 Changed to omit dot in "et al." when sepc is "." separator.
--23Feb2013 Fixed "author1-first" to also get args.given or args.given1.
--23Feb2013 Fixed args.article to set Title, after Periodical is Title.
--23Feb2013 Fixed to allow blank Title (such as "contribution=mytitle").
--23Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of Editors list
--26Feb2013 Moved "issue=" data to show before "page=".
--26Feb2013 Moved "type=" data to show after "format=".
--26Feb2013 For "pmc=" link, omitted suffix "/?tool=pmcentrez".
--27Feb2013 For coauthors, omitted extra separator after authors.
--27Feb2013 For date, allowed empty date to use month/day/year.
--27Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of authors/coauthors list.
--27Feb2013 Reset editor suffix as ", ed." when date exists.
--27Feb2013 Removed duplicate display of "others=" data.
--27Feb2013 Removed parentheses "( )" around "department" TitleNote.
--05Mar2013 Moved Language to follow Periodical or Series.
--05Mar2013 Fixed Edition to follow Series or Volume.
--05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show article as quoted Chapter.
--05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show page as "pp." or "p.".
--07Mar2013 Changed class encyclopaedia to omit "( )" around publisher.
--07Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot by string.sub(idcommon,-1,-1) was "-1,1".
--13Mar2013 Removed enddot "." after "quote=" parameter.
--13Mar2013 Changed config.CitationClass "news" to use "p." page format.
--13Mar2013 Fixed missing "location=" when "web" or "encyclopaedia".
--14Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot after book/work title.
--14Mar2013 Fixed double-dot before "p." or "pp." page number.
--14Mar2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "book" to use p./pp. page.
--18Mar2013 Fixed "page=" to override "pages=" as in markup-based cites.
--19Mar2013 Fixed date of class=journal Periodical to show after page.
--19Mar2013 Changed null "postscript=" to suppress end-dot of citation.
--20Mar2013 If CitationClass is journal, show "others=" before title.
--20Mar2013 If CitationClass is book, show "others=" before edition.
--20Mar2013 If CitationClass is journal, adjust "others=" to have sepc.
--20Mar2013 For class "journal", use book format unless Periodical set.
--
--End