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==Technical features==
==Technical features==
At the initial stage the project is expected to produce 22.5&nbsp;billion cubic meter (bcm) of natural gas and 205,000 tons of gas condensate annually. Later the production is expected to increase up to 70&nbsp;bcm of natural gas and 0.6&nbsp;million tonnes of gas condensate.<ref name=gazprom1/> All extraction facilities will be probably located under water. The development costs are estimated at US$15 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] to US$20&nbsp;billion, although according to the estimate by [[Alexander Medvedev]], deputy chairman of Gazprom’s management committee, the field’s development costs will be only US$12&nbsp;billion.<ref name=medvedev>{{cite web | publisher= Oil and gas net | url= http://www.oil-and-gas.net/index.php?page_id=13091 | title = Shtokman costs cut to US $12 Bn. | date = [[2007-11-15]] | accessdate=2007-11-24}}</ref>
At the initial stage the project is expected to produce 22.5&nbsp;billion cubic meter (bcm) of natural gas and 205,000 tons of gas condensate annually. Later the production is expected to increase up to 70&nbsp;bcm of natural gas and 0.6&nbsp;million tonnes of gas condensate.<ref name=gazprom1/> All extraction facilities will probably be located under water. The development costs are estimated at US$15 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] to US$20&nbsp;billion, although according to the estimate by [[Alexander Medvedev]], deputy chairman of Gazprom’s management committee, the field’s development costs will be only US$12&nbsp;billion.<ref name=medvedev>{{cite web | publisher= Oil and gas net | url= http://www.oil-and-gas.net/index.php?page_id=13091 | title = Shtokman costs cut to US $12 Bn. | date = [[2007-11-15]] | accessdate=2007-11-24}}</ref>


Originally it was planned to ship Shtokman's gas to the United States as [[Liquid natural gas|liquid natural gas (LNG)]]. Later it was indicated by Gazprom that the majority of produced natural gas would be sold to Europe via the planned [[Nord Stream]] pipeline.<ref name=barentsobserver1>{{cite web | publisher= [[Barents Observer]] | url= http://www.barentsobserver.com/index.php?id=290893&cat=16149&xforceredir=1&noredir=1 | title = Russia prepares for LNG export from Murmansk | date = [[2005-12-14]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref><ref name=bbc>{{cite web | publisher= BBC New | author= Jorn Madslien | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6035811.stm1 | title = RShock as Russia goes solo on gas field | date = [[2006-10-09]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> For this purpose, the pipeline from the Shtokman field to the [[Murmansk Oblast]] and further via [[Kola peninsula]] to [[Volkhov]] in the [[Leningrad Oblast]] will be built.<ref name=barentsobserver2>{{cite web | publisher= [[Barents Observer]] | url= http://www.barentsobserver.com/index.php?id=348732&cat=16176&xforceredir=1&noredir=1 | title = Scientists oppose projected Shtokman pipeline | date = [[2006-09-13]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> The project of LNG production is delayed until 2014 and the LNG plant will be laid in by the village of Teriberka, about {{convert|100|km|mi|0}} north-east of Murmansk.<ref name=barentsobserver2/><ref name=barentsobserver3>{{cite web | publisher= Barents Observer | url= http://www.barentsobserver.com/index.php?id=527709&cat=16149&xforceredir=1&noredir=1 | title = Gazprom changed site for planned Shtokman LNG plant | date = [[2006-08-14]] | accessdate=2007-08-18}}</ref><ref name=rigzone2>{{cite web | publisher= BBC New | author= Greg Walters | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6035811.stm1 | title = Shock as Russia goes solo on gas field | date = [[2006-10-09]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> The front-end engineering and design (FEED) is divided between three companies. The onshore transportation and technological complex, including an LNG plant, will be prepared by [[Technip]].<ref name=upstreamonline4>
Originally it was planned to ship Shtokman's gas to the United States as [[Liquid natural gas|liquid natural gas (LNG)]]. Later it was indicated by Gazprom that the majority of produced natural gas would be sold to Europe via the planned [[Nord Stream]] pipeline.<ref name=barentsobserver1>{{cite web | publisher= [[Barents Observer]] | url= http://www.barentsobserver.com/index.php?id=290893&cat=16149&xforceredir=1&noredir=1 | title = Russia prepares for LNG export from Murmansk | date = [[2005-12-14]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref><ref name=bbc>{{cite web | publisher= BBC New | author= Jorn Madslien | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6035811.stm1 | title = RShock as Russia goes solo on gas field | date = [[2006-10-09]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> For this purpose, the pipeline from the Shtokman field to the [[Murmansk Oblast]] and further via [[Kola peninsula]] to [[Volkhov]] in the [[Leningrad Oblast]] will be built.<ref name=barentsobserver2>{{cite web | publisher= [[Barents Observer]] | url= http://www.barentsobserver.com/index.php?id=348732&cat=16176&xforceredir=1&noredir=1 | title = Scientists oppose projected Shtokman pipeline | date = [[2006-09-13]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> The project of LNG production is delayed until 2014 and the LNG plant will be laid in by the village of Teriberka, about {{convert|100|km|mi|0}} north-east of Murmansk.<ref name=barentsobserver2/><ref name=barentsobserver3>{{cite web | publisher= Barents Observer | url= http://www.barentsobserver.com/index.php?id=527709&cat=16149&xforceredir=1&noredir=1 | title = Gazprom changed site for planned Shtokman LNG plant | date = [[2006-08-14]] | accessdate=2007-08-18}}</ref><ref name=rigzone2>{{cite web | publisher= BBC New | author= Greg Walters | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6035811.stm1 | title = Shock as Russia goes solo on gas field | date = [[2006-10-09]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> The front-end engineering and design (FEED) is divided between three companies. The onshore transportation and technological complex, including an LNG plant, will be prepared by [[Technip]].<ref name=upstreamonline4>

Revision as of 14:29, 10 August 2008

Location.

The Shtokman field (also Stockman field; Russian: Штокмановское месторождение), one of the world's largest natural gas fields, lies in the central part of Russian sector of the Barents Sea, 600 kilometres (370 mi) north of Kola Peninsula. Its reserves are estimated at 3.8 trillion cubic meter of natural gas and more than 37 million tons of gas condensate.[1]

Natural gas reserves were discovered in 1988, but the field was not developed owing to extreme Arctic conditions and the depth of the sea. The sea depth in the area varies from 320 to 340 m.[2] The Shtokman field was named after the Soviet geophysicist Vladimir Shtokman (Владимир Штокман), a descendant of German emigrants, whose name were originally spelt Stockmann.

Development

In September 2006, Gazprom completed drilling of appraisal well No. 7 in the field, and expects the gas production to be running by 2013-2015.[2][3] However, Norwegian environmental group Bellona believes that Shtokman field will probably not be on stream before 2035 because they claim Gazprom lacks the expertise to develop the field by themselves.[4] Also Russian scientists have warned that the Shtokman's development will face greater problems as global warming unleashes vast icebergs into the Arctic.[5] The Shtokman Development Company plans to address this challenge by using floating removable platforms, which can be moved around in case of emergency situations.[6]

Technical features

At the initial stage the project is expected to produce 22.5 billion cubic meter (bcm) of natural gas and 205,000 tons of gas condensate annually. Later the production is expected to increase up to 70 bcm of natural gas and 0.6 million tonnes of gas condensate.[2] All extraction facilities will probably be located under water. The development costs are estimated at US$15 billion to US$20 billion, although according to the estimate by Alexander Medvedev, deputy chairman of Gazprom’s management committee, the field’s development costs will be only US$12 billion.[7]

Originally it was planned to ship Shtokman's gas to the United States as liquid natural gas (LNG). Later it was indicated by Gazprom that the majority of produced natural gas would be sold to Europe via the planned Nord Stream pipeline.[8][9] For this purpose, the pipeline from the Shtokman field to the Murmansk Oblast and further via Kola peninsula to Volkhov in the Leningrad Oblast will be built.[10] The project of LNG production is delayed until 2014 and the LNG plant will be laid in by the village of Teriberka, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north-east of Murmansk.[10][11][3] The front-end engineering and design (FEED) is divided between three companies. The onshore transportation and technological complex, including an LNG plant, will be prepared by Technip.[12] DORIS Engineering will prepare the subsea production system and the offshore technological platform. JP Kenny, a subsidiary of Wood Group, will design together with Rubin Design Bureau and Giprospetsgaz, a subsidiary of Gazprom, the 600 kilometres (370 mi) long 44 inches (1,120 mm) subsea pipeline from the Shtokman field to south of Murmansk.[13][14]

Project company

The license to explore for and produce gas and condensate on the Shtokman field is owned by Russian company Sevmorneftegaz, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gazprom. Sevmorneftegaz is a sole customer for the design and construction of the field infrastructure, including a production complex, a pipeline network and an LNG plant, and has all marketing rights for hydrocarbons of the Shtokman field.[15][16][17] On 13 July 2007, Gazprom and French energy company Total signed a framework agreement, according to which Gazprom and Total will set up Shtokman Development Company to organize the design, financing, construction and operation of the Shtokman phase one infrastructure.[17][18] On 25 October 2007, similar contract was signed between Gazprom and StatoilHydro.[19] Shtokman Development Company will bear all financial, geological and technical risks related to the production activities. It will own infrastructure for 25 years from field commissioning. The relationship between the Shtokman Development Company and Sevmorneftegaz will be based on a contract.[17]

Shtokman Development AG was incorporated on 21 February 2008 in Zug, Switzerland.[20] Gazprom owns 51% of shares in Shtokman Development AG, while Total has 25% and StatoilHydro 24% of shares.[19][21][22] Upon completion of phase one, Total and StatoilHydro will transfer their shares in Shtokman Development Company to Gazprom.[17]

Nuclear controversy

Norwegian daily Aftenposten reported on 23 November 2007, that the Shtokman development would be nuclear powered by using a floating nuclear power plant. The plan was criticized by the environmental group Bellona.[23]

References

  1. ^ "Russia's Gazprom ups Shtokman reserves to 3.8 tcm". Reuters. 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2008-01-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b c "Shtokman project". Gazprom. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  3. ^ a b Greg Walters (2006-10-09). "Shock as Russia goes solo on gas field". BBC New. Retrieved 2007-10-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ "Shtokman won't be on stream until 2035". Upstream Online. 2007-04-17. Retrieved 2007-10-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ "'Iceberg threat' looms over Shtokman". Upstream online. 2007-04-27. Retrieved 2007-10-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ "Floating removable platforms for Shtokman field". Barents Observer. 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2008-03-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ "Shtokman costs cut to US $12 Bn". Oil and gas net. 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2007-11-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ "Russia prepares for LNG export from Murmansk". Barents Observer. 2005-12-14. Retrieved 2007-10-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Jorn Madslien (2006-10-09). "RShock as Russia goes solo on gas field". BBC New. Retrieved 2007-10-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ a b "Scientists oppose projected Shtokman pipeline". Barents Observer. 2006-09-13. Retrieved 2007-10-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ "Gazprom changed site for planned Shtokman LNG plant". Barents Observer. 2006-08-14. Retrieved 2007-08-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ "Technip 'tucks in to Shtokman FEED'". Upstream Online. 2008-03-14. Retrieved 2008-03-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ "Trio set to feast on Shtokman FEED". Upstream Online. 2008-03-18. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ "JP Kenny has Shtokman gig in the bag". Upstream Online. 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2008-04-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ "Gazprom paid 1,7 billion USD for control in the Barents Sea". Barentsinfo. 2005-08-08. Retrieved 2007-07-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ "Gazprom Sub and Hydro Begin Drilling Shtokman Field Well". OilVoice. 2006-07-25. Retrieved 2007-07-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ a b c d "Gazprom and Total sign a Framework Agreement For Cooperation in the First Phase of Shtokman Development". OilVoice. 2007-07-13. Retrieved 2007-07-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ "Total signs on Shtokman dotted line". Upstream online. 2007-07-13. Retrieved 2007-07-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ a b "Gazprom and StatoilHydro sign agreement on main condition for cooperation in phase 1 of Shtokman field development. Press release". Gazprom. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2007-10-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ "Gazprom confirms Shtokman LNG export start in 2014". Reuters. 2008-02-21. Retrieved 2008-02-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "Gazprom chooses French Total as partner for initial phase of Shtokman field development. Press release". Gazprom. 2007-07-12. Retrieved 2007-07-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "The Kremlin-controlled gas monopoly has chosen France's Total as its partner in the giant Shtokman gas field". The Times online. 2007-07-12. Retrieved 2007-07-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ "Green fury at Shtokman nuke plans". Upstream online. 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2007-11-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shtokman_field&oldid=231023454"