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Following the [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference]] in 1949, Wilopo was appointed Minister of Labor in the [[Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet]] (1949–1950) and Minister of Economic Affairs in the [[Soekiman Cabinet]] (1951–1952). In 1952, he became prime minister by forming a [[coalition government]] with the [[Masyumi Party]], [[Indonesian Socialist Party]], and various smaller parties, creating a "[[Wilopo Cabinet|business cabinet]]"{{efn|Placeholder}} composed of ideologically compatible ministers at the risk of uncertain party and parliamentary support. As prime minister, Wilopo introduced an [[election law]], lifted [[martial law]] in most of the country, released [[political prisoner]]s, and implemented various measures to [[balance the budget]], including introducing [[Trade restriction|import restriction]]s and raising surcharges. However, opposition to his [[demobilization|demobilization scheme]] led to the [[17 October affair]] which greatly weakened the cabinet's political standing.
Following the [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference]] in 1949, Wilopo was appointed Minister of Labor in the [[Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet]] (1949–1950) and Minister of Economic Affairs in the [[Soekiman Cabinet]] (1951–1952). In 1952, he became prime minister by forming a [[coalition government]] with the [[Masyumi Party]], [[Indonesian Socialist Party]], and various smaller parties, creating a "[[Wilopo Cabinet|business cabinet]]"{{efn|Placeholder}} composed of ideologically compatible ministers at the risk of uncertain party and parliamentary support. As prime minister, Wilopo introduced an [[election law]], lifted [[martial law]] in most of the country, released [[political prisoner]]s, and implemented various measures to [[balance the budget]], including introducing [[Trade restriction|import restriction]]s and raising surcharges. However, opposition to his [[demobilization|demobilization scheme]] led to the [[17 October affair]] which greatly weakened the cabinet's political standing.


In 1953, the government's attempts at resolving a [[land dispute]] in [[North Sumatra]] led to the [[Tanjung Morawa affair]] which saw the deaths of five [[peasant]]s in a clash with police. Outrage over the incident led to a [[cabinet crisis]] which resulted in the resignation of Wilopo and the cabinet. After his premiership, Wilopo was elected to the [[Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia|Constitutional Assembly]] in [[1955 Indonesian Constitutional Assembly election|1955]], becoming the body's first and only speaker.
In 1953, the government's attempts at resolving a [[land dispute]] in [[North Sumatra]] led to the [[Tanjung Morawa affair]] which saw the deaths of five [[peasant]]s in a clash with police. Outrage over the incident led to a [[cabinet crisis]] which resulted in the resignation of Wilopo and the cabinet. After his premiership, Wilopo was elected to the [[Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia|Constitutional Assembly]] in [[1955 Indonesian Constitutional Assembly election|1955]], becoming the body's first and only speaker. In 1959, the assembly was dissolved by [[President Sukarno's 1959 Decree|presidential decree]] as it was unable to promulgate a permanent constitution.


== Early life ==
== Early life ==

Revision as of 07:56, 20 March 2023

Wilopo
Official portrait of Wilopo
Official portrait, 1958
7th Prime Minister of Indonesia
In office
3 April 1952 – 1 August 1953
DeputyPrawoto Mangkusasmito
Preceded bySoekiman Wirjosandjojo
Succeeded byAli Sastroamidjojo
Ministerial offices
Minister of Defense
In office
2 June – 1 August 1953
Preceded byHamengkubuwono IX
Succeeded byIwa Kusumasumantri
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
3 April – 29 April 1952
Preceded byAchmad Soebardjo
Succeeded byMukarto Notowidigdo
9th Minister of Economic Affairs
In office
16 July 1951 – 3 April 1952
Preceded bySujono Hadinoto
Succeeded bySoemanang
4th Minister of Labor
In office
20 December 1949 – 21 January 1950
Preceded byKoesnan
Succeeded bySoeroso
Legislative offices
Speaker of the
Constitutional Assembly
In office
20 November 1956 – 5 July 1959
Member of the
Constitutional Assembly
In office
9 November 1956 – 5 July 1959
Member of the
People's Representative Council
In office
24 March – 1 December 1956
Advisory offices
Chairman of the
Supreme Advisory Council
In office
4 March 1968 – 31 March 1978
Member of the
Supreme Advisory Council
In office
4 March 1968 – 31 March 1978
Personal details
Born(1909-08-21)21 August 1909
Purworejo, Kedu Residency, Dutch East Indies
Died1 June 1981(1981-06-01) (aged 71)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Resting placeTanah Kusir Cemetery
Political party
Spouse
Soemikalimah
(m. 1937)
Alma materRechts Hogeschool (Mr.)
Occupation
  • Politician
  • lawyer

Wilopo (21 October 1909 – 1 June 1981) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer. A capable administrator, he served as prime minister of Indonesia from 1952 to 1953. He also held various other positions during his career, including as Minister of Labor, Minister of Economic Affairs, speaker of the Constitutional Assembly, and chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council.

Born into a Muslim family in Purworejo, Wilopo attended the Rechts Hogeschool in Batavia (now Jakarta), during which time he became involved in educational and nationalist groups. After graduating, he worked as a lawyer and was active in the Indonesian nationalist movement, becoming involved in the Partindo and Gerindo political parties. During the Japanese occupation period (1942–1945), Wilopo became an official in the occupation government and was a figure in both the Putera and Suishintai organizations. Following the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945, Wilopo joined the newly formed Republican government, first as an aide to Jakarta Mayor Suwiryo, then as a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee. During the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949), he joined the Indonesian National Party and was appointed Junior Minister of Labor in 1947.

Following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference in 1949, Wilopo was appointed Minister of Labor in the Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet (1949–1950) and Minister of Economic Affairs in the Soekiman Cabinet (1951–1952). In 1952, he became prime minister by forming a coalition government with the Masyumi Party, Indonesian Socialist Party, and various smaller parties, creating a "business cabinet"[a] composed of ideologically compatible ministers at the risk of uncertain party and parliamentary support. As prime minister, Wilopo introduced an election law, lifted martial law in most of the country, released political prisoners, and implemented various measures to balance the budget, including introducing import restrictions and raising surcharges. However, opposition to his demobilization scheme led to the 17 October affair which greatly weakened the cabinet's political standing.

In 1953, the government's attempts at resolving a land dispute in North Sumatra led to the Tanjung Morawa affair which saw the deaths of five peasants in a clash with police. Outrage over the incident led to a cabinet crisis which resulted in the resignation of Wilopo and the cabinet. After his premiership, Wilopo was elected to the Constitutional Assembly in 1955, becoming the body's first and only speaker. In 1959, the assembly was dissolved by presidential decree as it was unable to promulgate a permanent constitution.

Early life

Early career

Premiership

Cabinet formation

Post-premiership

Death and legacy

Personal life

Footnotes

  1. ^ Placeholder

References

Citations

Sources