User:The man from Gianyar/Sandbox II

In this Indonesian name, there is no family name nor a patronymic.

Wilopo
Official portrait, 1958
7th Prime Minister of Indonesia
In office 3 April 1952 – 1 August 1953
Deputy	Prawoto Mangkusasmito
Preceded by	Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
Succeeded by	Ali Sastroamidjojo
Ministerial offices Minister of Defense Ad interim In office 2 June – 1 August 1953 Preceded by Hamengkubuwono IX Succeeded by Iwa Kusumasumantri Minister of Foreign Affairs Ad interim In office 3 April – 29 April 1952 Preceded by Achmad Soebardjo Succeeded by Mukarto Notowidigdo 9th Minister of Economic Affairs In office 16 July 1951 – 3 April 1952 Preceded by Sujono Hadinoto Succeeded by Soemanang 4th Minister of Labor In office 20 December 1949 – 21 January 1950 Preceded by Koesnan Succeeded by Soeroso
Legislative offices Speaker of the Constitutional Assembly In office 20 November 1956 – 5 July 1959 Member of the Constitutional Assembly In office 9 November 1956 – 5 July 1959 Member of the People's Representative Council In office 24 March – 1 December 1956
Advisory offices Chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council In office 4 March 1968 – 31 March 1978 Member of the Supreme Advisory Council In office 4 March 1968 – 31 March 1978
Personal details
Born	(1909-08-21)21 August 1909 Purworejo, Kedu Residency, Dutch East Indies
Died	1 June 1981(1981-06-01) (aged 71) Jakarta, Indonesia
Resting place	Tanah Kusir Cemetery
Political party	Partindo (1932–1936) Gerindo (1937–1942) PNI (1946–1973) PDI (1973–1981)
Spouse	Soemikalimah ​ (m. 1937)​
Alma mater	Rechts Hogeschool (Mr.)
Occupation	Politician lawyer

Wilopo (21 October 1909 – 1 June 1981) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer. A capable administrator, he served as prime minister of Indonesia from 1952 to 1953. He also held various other positions during his career, including as Minister of Labor, Minister of Economic Affairs, speaker of the Constitutional Assembly, and chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council.

Born into a Muslim family in Purworejo, Wilopo attended the Rechts Hogeschool in Batavia (now Jakarta), during which time he became involved in educational and nationalist groups. After graduating, he worked as a lawyer and was active in the Indonesian nationalist movement, becoming involved in both the Partindo and Gerindo political parties. During the Japanese occupation period (1942–1945), Wilopo became an official in the occupation government and was a figure in both the Putera and Suishintai organizations. Following the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945, Wilopo joined the newly formed Republican government, first as an aide to Jakarta Mayor Suwiryo, then as a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee. During the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949), he joined the Indonesian National Party (PNI) and was appointed Junior Minister of Labor in 1947. Within an independent Indonesia, he was appointed Minister of Labor in the Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet (1949–1950) and Minister of Economic Affairs in the Soekiman Cabinet (1951–1952).

In 1952, following the fall of the Soekiman Cabinet, Wilopo became prime minister by forming a coalition government with the Masyumi Party and several minor political parties. The resulting Wilopo Cabinet was a "business cabinet" composed of ideologically compatible technocrats which was, however, at the risk of uncertain party and parliamentary support. As prime minister, Wilopo lifted martial law in most of the country, released political prisoners, and introduced various measures to balance the budget. His tenure also saw a political realignment, with the PNI growing increasingly suspicious of the Masyumi, the Nahdlatul Ulama splitting off from the Masyumi, and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) re-entering the political scene. Meanwhile, opposition to his demobilization scheme led to the 17 October affair, which saw demonstrations, backed by a faction of the Indonesian Army, calling for the dissolution of the Provisional Parliament and holding of elections. The whole affair resulted in the passage of an election bill in parliament, while also weakening the political standing of the cabinet.

In 1953, opposition to his government's agrarian reform plan led to the Tanjung Morawa affair, which saw the deaths of several peasant squatters in a clash with police. Outrage over this incident led to a cabinet crisis which resulted in the resignation of Wilopo and the cabinet. Following the end his premiership, Wilopo was elected to the Constitutional Assembly in 1955. He was later elected the body's first and only speaker (1956–1959). After the dissolution of the assembly, he left politics and only returned in 1968, following the advent of the New Order regime, with his appointment to the Supreme Advisory Council as its chairman (1968–1978). In 1970, he was appointed chairman of the Commission of Four which was tasked with investigating the extent of corruption in government. However, the commission's findings were ignored and it was dismissed later that same year. Wilopo later left government office in 1978. He died in Jakarta in 1981, with his body being interred in Tanah Kusir Cemetery.

Premiership

See also: Wilopo Cabinet

References

Sources

• Sejarah Departemen Tenaga Kerja [History of the Department of Manpower] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Department of Manpower. 1992.
• Anderson, Benedict Richard O'Gorman (1972). Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-0687-4.
• Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4935-8.
• Dhesita, Syela Joe (2022). Program Kerja Pemerintahan Kabinet Wilopo 1952–1953 [Work Program of the Wilopo Cabinet 1952–1953] (in Indonesian). Tulung, Klaten: Penerbit Lakeisha. ISBN 978-6-2342-0179-6.
• Feith, Herbert (1971) [1957]. The Indonesian Election of 1955. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
• Feith, Herbert (2006) [1962]. The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-9-7937-8045-0.
• Feith, Herbert (2009) [1958]. The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952–1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-6-0283-9715-5.
• Ghazali, Zulfikar (1986). "DPA Dalam Sejarah Konstitusi Republik" [The DPA in the History of the Constitution of the Republic]. Hukum dan Pembangunan (in Indonesian). 16 (5): 450–468. ISSN 0125-9687.
• Kahin, George McTurnan (1952). Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-9108-5.
• Mackie, J. A. C. (1970). "The Commission of Four Report on Corruption". Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. 6 (3): 87–101. doi:10.1080/00074917012331331728. ISSN 0007-4918.
• McVey, Ruth T. (April 1974). "The Post-Revolutionary Transformation of the Indonesian Army". Indonesia. 11 (11): 131–176. doi:10.2307/3350748. hdl:1813/53507. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350748.
• Ricklefs, M. C. (2001) [1981]. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1200. Basingstoke: Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-3338-0100-0.
• Rocamora, J. Eliseo (October 1970). "The Partai Nasional Indonesia, 1963–1965". Indonesia. 10 (10): 143–182. doi:10.2307/3350638. hdl:1813/53493. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350638.
• Vu, Tuong (2010). Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-1076-1810-7.