1780 in music
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Events
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composes his opera Idomeneo at Munich.
- The Danish royal anthem, "Kong Christian", is first sung.
- Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's Versuch über die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen goes into its third edition.
- 1780–1782 Emanuel Bach revises his Magnificat Wq 215 (H 772) (Hamburg version).
Classical music
- Luigi Boccherini – Musica notturna delle strade di Madrid
- Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf – Job (oratorio)
Opera
- Domenico Cimarosa – Le donne rivali
- Franz Danzi – Cleopatra
- André Grétry – Aucassin et Nicolette
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Zaide (unfinished)
- Giovanni Paisiello – Il Barbiere di Siviglia
- Niccolò Piccinni – Atys
- Bernardo Porta – La Principessa d'Amalfi
Births
- January 14 – François-Joseph dizi
- February 8 – Walenty Karol Kratzer, composer
- March 10 – Juan José Landaeta, composer
- May 22 – Jan Emmanuel Dulezalek, composer
- May 28 – Joseph Frohlich, composer
- June 18 – Michael Henkel, composer
- July 25 – Christian Theodor Weinlig, composer
- November 2 – Alexandrine-Caroline Branchu, soprano
- November 3 – Victor Dourlen, composer
- November 16 – Robert Archibald Smith, composer
- November 22 – Conradin Kreutzer
Deaths
- January 4 – Hedvig Wigert, opera singer (b. 1748)
- January 10 – Francesco Antonio Vallotti, organist, composer and music theorist (b. 1697)
- February 1 – Johann Ludwig Krebs, composer (b. 1713)
- April 21 – Ferdinand Zellbell, composer
- August 19 – Bernhard Haltenberger, composer
- September 6 – George Alexander Stevens, songwriter (b. 1710)
- December 14 – Ignatius Sancho, composer and actor (b. c. 1729)
- date unknown – Martin Nürenbach, dancer