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Bakhchysarai Palace

Coordinates: 44°44′55.22″N 33°52′55.06″E / 44.7486722°N 33.8819611°E / 44.7486722; 33.8819611
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The Khan's Palace in Bakhchisaray
Native name
Han Saray (Crimean Tatar)
Bakhchisaray Palace
LocationBakhchysarai, Crimea
Coordinates44°44′55.22″N 33°52′55.06″E / 44.7486722°N 33.8819611°E / 44.7486722; 33.8819611
Built1532
Architectural style(s)Ottoman architecture
Websitehttp://handvorec.ru/

The Khan's Palace or Hansaray is located in the town of Bakhchysarai, Crimea. It was built in the 16th century and became home to a succession of Crimean Khans. The walled enclosure contains a mosque, a harem, a cemetery, living quarters and gardens. The palace interior has been decorated to appear lived in and reflects the traditional 16th-century Crimean Tatar style. It is one of the best known Muslim palaces found in Europe, alongside Topkapı Palace, Dolmabahçe Palace, Yıldız Palace, Aynalıkavak Palace, Edirne Palace, Çırağan Palace in Turkey and the Alhambra in Spain.

History

The city of Bakhchisaray and the palace were commissioned by the Crimean Khan dynasty, who moved their capital here from Salaçıq in the first half of the 16th century. The palace's complex design and minarets were constructed in the 16th century by Ottoman, Persian and Italian architects. Later damages required partial reconstruction, but the structure still has a resemblance to its original form. Some buildings currently in the palace were attached later, while some of the original buildings could not stand past the 18th century.[1]

In 2017, the palace was subject to restoration, which was conducted by Moscow-based Atta Group, a firm with little experience in historical preservation.[2][3] As part of the process, the palace's centuries-old oak beams were removed and replaced with concrete, original tiles were removed, while its 18th century murals were damaged by a high-pressure water stream.[2] In addition, cracks appeared on the facade of the building and plaster fell off during pressure cleaning.[4] In response to the alleged damages, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine sent a protest notice to UNESCO, which manages the World Heritage Sites, since the Bakhchisaray Place was added to the organization's Tentative List of World Heritage Sites in 2003.[5][6]

Bakhchisaray Fountain

One courtyard contains a small fountain whose sad story so moved the Russian writer Alexander Pushkin when he visited it that he wrote a long narrative poem titled "The Fountain of Bakhchisaray".

Fountain of Tears

Bakhchisaray Fountain or Fountain of Tears is a real case of life imitating art. The fountain is known as the embodiment of love of one of the last Crimean Khans, Qırım Giray Khan, for his young wife, and his grief after her early death. The Khan was said to have fallen in love with this Polish girl Maria in his harem. Maria is presumed to have been slain by the khan's former favourite Georgian wife Zarema, who had been supplanted in his affections by the captive Pole.[7] Despite his battle-hardened harshness, he grieved and wept when she died, astonishing all those who knew him. He commissioned a marble fountain to be made, so that the rock would weep, like him, forever.[8]

Originally placed by the young woman's tomb in a restful garden, the fountain was transferred to its current location in the Ambassadors' courtyard after Catherine II ordered the annexation of the Crimean territory. Pushkin's verses are credited in part for ensuring the survival of the palace itself to date.

The Big Khan Mosque

Minaret
Main article: Big Khan Mosque

The Big Khan Mosque (Template:Lang-crh) is located on the Palace Square to the east of the northern gate. It is one of the largest mosques in the Crimea and one of the first buildings of the Khan's palace. The mosque was built in 1532 by Sahib I Giray and bore his name in the 17th century.

The mosque consists of a three-aisle square prayer hall covered with a hipped roof, a narthex and porticos facing east and west. Two symmetrical octagonal minarets rise through the porticos; they are twenty-eight meters high and have conical caps and finials. A domed ablution kiosk of square shape is attached to the northeastern corner of the mosque. It is believed that a madrasah built by Khan Arslan Giray in 1750 used to adjoin the eastern wall. The mosque is entered from a portal facing north. Inside, a balcony is attached to three of the four walls, part of which is sectioned off for the Khan's lodge. Scholars argue that the mosque was originally roofed with domes of various sizes.[9]

In 1736 the mosque was damaged by fire and later restored during the reign of Khan Selameta Giray.

Small Khan Mosque

The Small Khan Mosque (Template:Lang-crh) is located in the main building and was designed for members of the Khan's family and important dignitaries. Construction of the small mosque dates back to the 16th century, and paintings in the mosque are from the 17th and 18th centuries

Mihrab in the Small Mosque

In the south wall is the mihrab, the upper part of which is cut seven ornamented belts, symbolizing the seven levels of heaven. Above the mihrab is a stained glass window, which shows the seal of Suleiman (hexagram). On the walls of the small mosque are scratched images of boats with sails, horses and horsemen.

Galleries

Buildings
  • The palace in 1830
    The palace in 1830
  • Map of the Bakhchisarai garden and palace, 1855
    Map of the Bakhchisarai garden and palace, 1855
  • Big mosque of the palace
    Big mosque of the palace
  • Bakhchisaray Palace
    Bakhchisaray Palace
  • Northern gate
    Northern gate
  • Living quarters
    Living quarters
  • Harem building
    Harem building
Interior
  • Fountain of Tears
    Fountain of Tears
  • Golden Fountain
    Golden Fountain
  • Summer Pavilion
    Summer Pavilion
  • Interior of the harem
    Interior of the harem
In art

See also

References

  1. ^ ArchNet.org - Tatar Khans' Palace Complex, 2005
  2. ^ a b Wesolowsky, Tony (February 18, 2018). "Facelift Or Farce? 'Restoration' Of Palace Shocks Crimean Tatars". RadioFreeEurope. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  3. ^ Coynash, Halya. "Russia is destroying 16th Century Crimean Tatar Khan's Palace in occupied Crimea". RISU. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  4. ^ "Ukraine to appeal to UNESCO over the damage to Bakhchysarai Khan Palace in the Russian-annexed Crimea". UAWire. November 6, 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  5. ^ "Bagçesaray Palace of the Crimean Khans". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  6. ^ Busol, Kateryna (February 4, 2020). "Crimea's Occupation Exemplifies the Threat of Attacks on Cultural Heritage". Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  7. ^ Austin, Paul M. (1997). The Exotic Prisoner in Russian Romanticism, Vol.9, p.77. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0820433462.
  8. ^ Johnstone, Sarah. Ukraine. Lonely Planet, 2005. ISBN 1-86450-336-X
  9. ^ "Tatar Khans' Palace". ArchNet. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
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