Satyarth Prakash
Satyarth Prakash (Template:Lang-hi, Satyārth′ prakāś′ – "The Light of Meaning of the Truth" or The Light of Truth) is an 1875 book written originally in Hindi by Dayananda Saraswati (Swami Dayanand), an influential religious and social reformer and the founder of Arya Samaj. It is considered one of his major scholarly works. The book was subsequently revised by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1882 and has now been translated into more than 20 languages including Sanskrit and several foreign languages like English, French, German, Swahili, Arabic and Chinese. The major portion of the book is dedicated to laying down the reformist advocacy of Swami Dayanand with the last three chapters making a case for comparative study of different religious faiths.
The book
Overview
During the Middle Ages of Indian history, many faiths and sects sprang up in religious and social spheres of Hindu society. Their practitioners slowly migrated away from the teachings of the Vedas attaching greater significance to their founders and their preachings. From then onwards polytheism commenced. Great differences developed among the different sects and divided and weakened Hindu society. The caste system based on birth became strong and gave rise to further fragmentation. Like with any aging society without reforms, the customs gave way to superstition and ignorance wherein practice superseded reason and the spread of blind faith threatened degradation of "Hindu" society. The word Hindu is an improper word or misnomer- the correct word is Vaidic Dharma or Sanathana Dharma, a religion based upon the Vedas. The word Hindu does not appear anywhere in the Vedic texts or even the Bhagavad Gita. The word Hindu is a Persian word, used by the Muslims and the renaming of the Vaidic religion to "Hindu" demonstrates the level of weakening to the Vaidic faith. "Hinduism" needs reforms.
It was at this time that Swami Dayanand wrote Satyarth Prakash in order to spread the knowledge of the Vedas and to educate people on the true qualities of God. The Satyarth Prakash contains exposition and clarifications of Vedic principles. The book advocates Vedic monism based on Advaita Vedanta. Some of the important topics in the Satyarth Prakash include worship of one God, explanation of the main principles of the Vedas, the relationship between religion and science and between devotion and intellect, elimination of the caste system and of different religious beliefs for the strengthening of society, eradication of superstitions, false notions and meaningless customs, shunning narrow-mindedness and promoting the brotherhood of man.[1]
Contents
The book contains fourteen chapters, the contents of which are detailed below:[2]
| Chapter | Content |
|---|---|
| 1 | The first chapter is an exposition of “Om” and other names of God. |
| 2 | The second chapter provides guidance on the upbringing of children. |
| 3 | The third chapter explains the life of Brahmacarya (bachelor), the duties and qualifications of scholars and teachers, good and bad books and the scheme of studies. |
| 4 | Chapter 4 is about marriage and married life. |
| 5 | Chapter 5 is about giving up materialism and starting to carry out community service. |
| 6 | Chapter 6 is about Science of Government. |
| 7 | Chapter 7 is about Veda and God. |
| 8 | Chapter 8 deals with Creation, Sustenance and Dissolution of the Universe. |
| 9 | Chapter 9 deals with knowledge and ignorance, and emancipation and bondage. |
| 10 | Chapter 10 deals with desirable and undesirable conduct and permissible and forbidden diet. |
| 11 | Chapter 11 contains criticism of the various religions and sects prevailing in India. |
| 12 | Chapter 12 deals with the Charvaka, Buddha (Buddhism) and Jainism religions. |
| 13 | Chapter 13 has his views on Christianity (the Bible). |
| 14 | Chapter 14 has his views on Islam (Quran). |
Editions
The book was originally written in Hindi by Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 CE. After detecting omissions, language and printing mistakes in the first edition, after making corrections at Israr mahal inside Ramapur at Kashi, he published a second revised edition in Samvat 1939 (1882-83 CE).[3] The book has been translated into twenty-three different languages. Navlakha Mahal is presently the office of Shrimadd Dayanand Satyarth Prakash Nyas, which after detecting in 2004 that the book has been printed by many unathorised entities in different versions, appointed an authentication Committee of Vedic scholars, and started to publish authenticated version of the book.
| S.No. | Language | Author/ Translator | Publication Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hindi 1st Edition | Swami Dayanand Saraswati (author) | 1875 in kashi |
| 1 a | Hindi 2nd Edition | Swami Dayanand Saraswati (author) | 1882 |
| 2 | English (4 translations by different scholars) |
Dr. Chiranjiva Bharadwaja (translator) Master Durga Prasad (translator) Pt. Gangaprasad Upadhyay (translator) Vandemataram Ramchandra Rao (translator) |
1906, 1908, 1946, 1988 |
| 3 | Sanskrit | Pandit Shankardev Paathak | 1924 (1st edition) |
| 4 | Urdu |
1. Aatmaram Amritsari, Bhakt Raimal & Naunihaal 2. Jivandas Pensioner, 3. Pandit Chamupati, 4. Mehta Radhakrishna |
1.1898 2.1899 3.1939 4.1905 |
| 5 | Sindhi | Jeevanlal Arya | 1912 |
| 6 | Punjabi | Aatmaram Amritsari | 1899 |
| 7 | Bengali | 1.Motilaal Bhattacharya 2.Shankarnaath 3.Gaurmohandev Verman | 1.1901 2.1911 3.??? |
| 8 | Marathi | 1.Shridaas Vidyarthi 2.Shripaad Damodar Saatavlekar 3.Snaatak Satyavrat 4.Shripaad Joshi | 1.1907 2.1926 3.1932 4.1990 |
| 9 | Telugu | 1.A. Somnaathan Rao "Updeshak" 2.Pt. Gopadev Sastry | 1.1933 2.??? |
| 10 | Tamil | 1.M.R Jambunaathan 2.Kannaiyaa 3.Shuddhanand Bhaarti | 1.1926 2.1935 3.1974 |
| 11 | Malayalam | 1.Brahamchaari Lakshman (Originally by Pt Vedabandhu sharma) 2.Acharya Narendra Bhooshan | 1.1933 2.1978 |
| 12 | Gujarati | 1.Manchaa Shankar, Jaishankar Dvivedi 2.Mayashankar Sharma 3.Dilip Vedalankar | 1.1905 2.1926 3.1994 |
| 13 | Kannada | 1. Bhaaskar Pant 2.Satyapaal Snaatak 3.Sudhakar Chaturvedi | 1.1932 2.1955 3.1974 |
| 14 | Nepali | Dilusingh Raaee | 1879 |
| 15 | German | 1. Dr. Daulatram Devgram, Borikhel (Miyanwaali), 2. Arya Divakar | 1. 1930, 2. 1983 |
| 16 | Swahili | ||
| 17 | Odia | 1.Shrivatsa Panda 2.Lakshminarayan Shastri | 1.1927 2.1973 |
| 18 | Assamese | Parmeshwar Koti | 1975 |
| 19 | Arabi | Kaalicharan Sharma | ??? |
| 20 | Burmese | Kittima | ??? |
| 21 | Chinese | Dr. Chau | 1958 |
| 22 | Thai | ||
| 23 | French | Lui Morin | 1940 |
Reception and Criticism
S. Rangaswami Iyengar praised the book, saying that "It contains the wholly rationalistic view of the Vedic religion."[4]
Satyartha Prakash was banned in some princely states and in Sindh in 1944 and is still banned in Sindh.[5]
Satlok Ashram leader Rampal criticized sections of the book in 2006 which led to clashes between followers of Arya Samaj and Satlok Ashram and one person died in that violence.[6][7][8]
In 2008 two Indian Muslims, Usman Ghani and Mohammad Khalil Khan of Sadar Bazar, Delhi, following the fatwa of Mufti Mukarram Ahmed, the Imam of Fatehpuri Masjid in Delhi, urged the Delhi High Court to ban Satyarth Prakash.[9] However, the court dismissed the petition and commented "A suit by Hindus against the Quran or by Muslims against Gita or Satyarth Prakash claiming relief... are in fact, meant to play mischief in the society."[10]
References
Citations
- ^ "Hindu Scriptures". Retrieved 2007-10-05.
- ^ "Satyarth Prakash". Retrieved 2007-10-05.
- ^ "Udaipur Garden Palace now a shrine to Arya Samaj founder". Times of India. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ "World Perspectives on Swami Dayananda Saraswati", by Ganga Ram Garg, Page 188
- ^ The Book on Trial: Fundamentalism and Censorship in India, Girja Kumar
- ^ Arora, Amit (2014-11-19). "How Haryana 'godman' Rampal became 'famous'". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
- ^ "Verdict against Sant Rampal today: Know about events leading to arrest of self-styled Godman - News Nation". newsnation.in. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "After Ram Rahim, verdict on Rampal today: Who is this engineer-turned-godman?". Hindustan Times. 2017-08-29. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
- ^ "Arya Samaj plans march to defend book by founder". The Hindu.
- ^ "Plea seeking ban on Dayanand book is 'mischief'".