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Cosmos (plant)

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For other uses, see Cosmos (disambiguation).

Cosmos
Cosmos bipinnatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Coreopsideae
Genus: Cosmos
Cav.[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Cosmea Willd.
  • Adenolepis Less.
  • Cosmus Pers.
  • Cosmos sect. Eucosmos Sherff
  • Gosmos Motomi Ito, spelling variant, apparently accidental

Cosmos is a genus, with the same common name of cosmos, consisting of flowering plants in the sunflower family.[3][4]

Description

Cosmos are herbaceous perennial plants or annual plants growing 0.3–2 m (1 ft 0 in – 6 ft 7 in) tall. The leaves are simple, pinnate, or bipinnate, and arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are produced in a capitulum with a ring of broad ray florets and a center of disc florets; flower color is very variable between the different species. The genus includes several ornamental plants popular in gardens. Numerous hybrids and cultivars have been selected and named.

Distribution

Cosmos species are native to scrub and meadowland in Mexico where most of the species occur, the United States, as far north as the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, Central America, and to South America as far south as Paraguay[citation needed]. One species, C. bipinnatus, is naturalized across much of the eastern United States and eastern Canada.[5] It is also widespread over the high eastern plains of South Africa, where it was introduced via contaminated horsefeed during the Anglo-Boer War.[6]

Species

Cosmos flowers in Showa Memorial Park, Japan
Cosmos and a girl
Cosmos sulphureus
Accepted species[2]
  • Yellow cosmos flower in Kerala, India
    Yellow cosmos flower in Kerala, India
  • Yellow-orange cosmos, Kerala, India
    Yellow-orange cosmos, Kerala, India
  • Cosmos and old house in Japan
    Cosmos and old house in Japan
  • Cosmos flower in Korea
    Cosmos flower in Korea
  • Cosmos atrosanguineus, the chocolate cosmos
    Cosmos atrosanguineus, the chocolate cosmos

References

  1. ^ "Genus Cosmos Cav". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1998-09-07. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  2. ^ a b Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  3. ^ Cavanilles, Antonio José. 1791. Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum 1(1): 9–10, pl. 14
  4. ^ Tropicos, Cosmos Cav.
  5. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  6. ^ Sandys, Celia (2009). Chasing Churchill: The Travels of Winston Churchill. Hachette UK. ISBN 0786740159.
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