Ibrahim Gaydarov
Ibrahimbek Gaydarov | |
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Ибрагъим бей Гайдаров Иса бейдин хва (Ibrahim bey Heyderov Isa beydin khwa) (Lezgian) Ибрагим-бек Исабекович Гайдаров (Ibragim-bek Isabekovich Gaydarov) (Russian) İsa bəy oğlu İbrahim bəy Heydərov (Azerbaijani) İsa bey oğlu İbrahim Haydar bey (Turkish) | |
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Leader of Baku Society of the Enlightened (1907)
Representative of the Muslim faction from the Dagestan region in the State Duma of the Russian Empire, commissioner in the fields of agriculture, jobs, communication, budget and fisheries (1907) Chairman of the Transcaucasus Muslims Committee (1917) Minister of Transport, Post and Telegraph of the Mountainous Republic (1917-1919) Temporary diplomat-representative of the Mountainous Republic in the Versailles Peace Conference (1919) General in the army of the Mountainous Republic (1919) Minister of Railways of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1919) Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1920) Officier in the Ministry of Railways in Turkey (1925-1939) Member of the Ministry of Railways High Scientific Council of Turkey (1940-1949) | |
Prime Minister | Tapa Tchermoeff Pshemakho Kotsev |
Religion | Islam |
Personal details | |
Born | 1879 Derbent, Russian Empire |
Died | 1949 Ankara, Turkey |
Citizenship | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Political party | Social Democrat Faction of the Russian State Duma Muslim Faction of the Russian State Duma |
Spouse | Nisa Haydar |
Children | Fatma Haydar Minnetullah Haydar Leyla Haydar Şermin Haydar |
Parent(s) | Isabek Minetullabekovich Gaydarov (father) Hacer Esved Gaydarov (mother) |
Education | St. Petersburg State Transport University |
Signature | ![]() |
Ibrahim Bey Gaydarov (Lezgian: Ибрагъим бей Гайдаров, romanized: Ibrahim bey Gaydarov; Russian: Ибрагим-бек Гайдаров, romanized: Ibragim-bek Gaydarov) or İbrahim Haydar Bey (Azerbaijani: İbrahim bəy Heydərov; Turkish: İbrahim Haydar bey) (August 3, 1879, Derbent[1] - September 23, 1949, Ankara[2]) was a Lezgin[3] Muslim travel engineer, noble, nationalist activist and one of the Northern Caucasian intellectuals. In 1918-1919 he served as Minister of Transport, Post and Telegraph in the Mountainous Republic.[4][5] In 1919 he participated in the Versailles Peace Conference in France.[6] He was fluent in Lezgian, Russian, Turkish, Azerbaijani and French, and possibly others he did not mention.
Biography
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ibrahim_bey_Haydarov_2.jpg/166px-Ibrahim_bey_Haydarov_2.jpg)
Early life
Ibrahim-bek was born in a noble family, as the son of Isa-bek Gaydarov. He was a Lezgin[3] Muslim noble, nationalist activist and one of the Northern Caucasian intellectuals.
After completing the Temir-Khan-Shura school in 1897, he entered the St. Petersburg State Transport University and graduated in 1907. After completing his studies and graduating, Gaydarov returned to his homeland.
He worked as a communication engineer in Baku in various industries. Gaydarov, who was among the leaders of the Baku Society in 1907, was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Empire from the Dagestan region and the Zagatala region on October 14, 1907 at the age of 28 and went to Saint Petersburg. At first, Gaydarov, who had a Social Democratic ideology, first joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in the Duma and took part in the Bolshevik faction of the Party. However, he left this party and joined the Muslim party, considering that the Russian Bolsheviks did not give any importance to the interests of the national minorities and had a negative view of Islam. He participated in the work of five commissions: agriculture, work, communication, budget and fisheries.[7][8][9][10][11]
Returning to Baku after the completion of his duty to the Duma, Gaydarov assumed duties in many non-governmental organizations. After the February 1917 revolution and the overthrow of the Tsarist rule, he chaired the Transcaucasus Muslims Committee. Upon the appointment of the Transcaucasus Special Committee, he was appointed Commissar of Dagestan Region (April 5, 1917). He was elected as a member of the First Congress of Caucasian Muslims held in Baku.[7][8][9][10][11]
Struggle for Caucasian independence
After the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus declared its independence, he joined them and contributed to the state affairs as an intellectual and worked for the development of the Caucasus.[7][8][9][10][11]
In the newly formed Caucasus government, Gaydarov served as the Minister of Transport, Post and Telegraph. Together with a delegation headed by Abdulmajid Tapa Tchermoeff, they negotiated with the representatives of the Allied Forces to recognize the independence of the Caucasus. Gaydarov, an authorized representative of his government, signed an agreement with the Azerbaijan Republic on November 28, 1918. He was appointed to the same post by Pshemakho Kotsev, who succeeded him after Abdulmajid Tchermoeff resigned due to the obligation of Ottoman support forces to leave the Caucasus in accordance with the provisions of the Armistice of Mondros. In January 1919, he was assigned to the government delegation sent to the World Peace Conference in Paris to promote the independence of the North Caucasus to other countries.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dagger_owned_by_Ibrahim_Heydarov.jpg/249px-Dagger_owned_by_Ibrahim_Heydarov.jpg)
He took part in the armed struggle against the reoccupation of Caucasus by the Russian White Army. In the spring of 1920, he was tricked and arrested in Baku, where he had to retreat after the Red Army invasion. After the hard efforts of the leader of Azerbaijan Bolsheviks and his old friend, Nariman Narimanov, he escaped and went to Tbilisi. After the occupation of Georgia by the Soviet Russian Red Army, he went to France with his family.[7][8][9][10][11]
Life in Turkey
Gaydarov came to Turkey where he was known as İbrahim Haydar upon the special invitation of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1925 and he helped the Ankara-Kayseri railway construction. He, then, worked in various sections of the Sivas railway. He proved himself at the construction of railways in Turkey itself not only as a skilled professional, at the same time as a scientist. He predicted shift in the wind of Turkey with the rise of racism and in order to promote the Caucasus, he translated books from Russian into Turkish in 1937, released in Istanbul. In the winter of 1939, he went to Ankara as a result of the loss of his young colleagues in Erzincan earthquake. In the period from 1940 until his death he served high positions in the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Railways.[7][8][9][10][11]
Gaydarov, who was married to Nisa Hanım, had one boy and three daughters. Gaydarov, who was a member of the High Scientific Council of Turkey, died in Ankara on 20 March 1949 and was buried in Cebeci cemetery.[7][8][9][10][11]
Ties with freemasons
There are sources, especially in Russian, claiming he may have been a freemason, or at least he may have had ties with the freemasons, meaning he was among the secret elite society.[12][13] Sources go on to claim that he may have had ties with the Grande Loge de France, especially in 1924 with the Parisian lodge "Golden Fleece" No. 536,[14] in 1926 Prometheus" lodge No. 558,[15] from 1928 to 1936 lodge "Astrea" No. 500.[16][17] Azerbaijani and other Muslim Caucasian sources have mostly denied these claims.
References
- ^ Неизвестный известный — Ибрагим-бек Гайдаров
- ^ Гусейнов Г.-Б. Я. Краткая энциклопедия города Дербента. Мх.: Юпитер, 2005, с. 139.
- ^ a b "Просмотр документа - dlib.rsl.ru". dlib.rsl.ru. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
- ^ Ибрагим-бек Исаббекович Гайдаров
- ^ ГАЙДАРОВ Ибрагим-Бек Исабекович // Российское зарубежье во Франции 1919—2000. Л. Мнухин, М. Авриль, В. Лосская. Москва. Наука; Дом-музей Марины Цветаевой. 2008…2010.
- ^ ГАЙДАРОВ Ибрагим-Бек Исабекович // Российское зарубежье во Франции 1919—2000. Л. Мнухин, М. Авриль, В. Лосская. Москва. Наука; Дом-музей Марины Цветаевой. 2008…2010.
- ^ a b c d e f kkc. "İBRAHİM HAYDAR". www.kuzeykafkasyacumhuriyeti.org (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-02-03.
- ^ a b c d e f Berzeg, Sefer E. (Mart 2003). Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti 1917-1922, Kafkasya Dağlıları Birliği’nin Kuruluşu (I. Cilt). İstanbul : Birleşik Kafkasya Derneği.
- ^ a b c d e f Berzeg, Sefer E. (Ocak 2006). Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti 1917-1922, Sovyet Karanlığına Girerken (III. Cilt). İstanbul : Birleşik Kafkasya Derneği.
- ^ a b c d e f Abdurazak, Ş.T (2011). ИДЕЙНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ ИБРАГИМ-БЕКА ГАЙДАРОВА. Mahaçkale Bülteni, Sayı: 11, S: 172-175. (IBRAHIM-BEK GAIDAROV'UN İDEAL MİRASI)
- ^ a b c d e f Tagirzade, A. W. ve Tagir, O.A. (20 Ekim 2014). ИБРАГИМ-БЕК ИСА-БЕК ОГЛУ ГАЙДАРОВ (ГАЙДАРОГЛУ). Erişim Tarihi : 02.03.2018, http://www.gazavat.ru/ (IBRAHIM-BEK ISA-BEK OGLU GAYDAROV (GAYDAROĞLU))
- ^ "Гайдаров Ибрагим-бек Исаббекович". www.hrono.ru. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
- ^ "История одного лезгинского масона (Али Албанви) / Проза.ру". proza.ru. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
- ^ ГАЙДАРОВ Ибрагим-Бек Исабекович // Российское зарубежье во Франции 1919—2000. Л. Мнухин, М. Авриль, В. Лосская. Москва. Наука; Дом-музей Марины Цветаевой. 2008…2010.
- ^ Париж. Ложа Прометей
- ^ Ибрагим-бек Исаббекович Гайдаров
- ^ Париж. Ложа Астрея
- Burials in Ankara by place
- Russian Constituent Assembly members
- Freemasons of the Grand Lodge of France
- Engineers of the Russian Empire
- 1949 deaths
- 1879 births
- Freemasons
- Russian Freemasons
- Lezgins
- Turkish engineers
- Azerbaijani engineers
- North Caucasian independence activists
- Azerbaijani people of Lezgian descent
- Russian people of Lezgian descent
- Turkish people of Lezgian descent