Phonotephrite

Phonotephrite or phono-tephrite is a strongly alkaline volcanic rock with a composition between phonolite and tephrite.^[1] This unusual igneous rock contains 7 to 12% alkali content and 45 to 53% silica content (see TAS diagram). It can be described as a mafic phonolite or a potassic tephrite. Phonotephrite lava flows and volcanic cones have been identified in Antarctica (e.g. Mount Erebus), Europe (e.g. Mount Vesuvius), North America (e.g. Satah Mountain volcanic field) and Africa (e.g. Jbel Saghro).^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

References

^ "Unusual Lava Types". Strongly Alkaline Lavas. San Diego State University. Archived from the original on 2020-11-05. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
^ P. Esser, Richard; R. Kyle, Philip; McIntosh, William C. (2004). "⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: volcano evolution". Bulletin of Volcanology. 66 (8). Springer: 671. Bibcode:2004BVol...66..671E. doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0354-x. S2CID 129118037.
^ Kuehn, Christian; Guest, Bernard; K. Russell, James; A. Benowitz, Jeff (2015). "The Satah Mountain and Baldface Mountain volcanic fields: Pleistocene hot spot volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, west-central British Columbia, Canada". Bulletin of Volcanology. Springer: 8.
^ Berger, J.; Ennih, N.; Mercier, J.-C. C.; Liégeois, J.-P.; Demaiffe, D. (2009). "The role of fractional crystallization and late-stage peralkaline melt segregation in the mineralogical evolution of Cenozoic nephelinites/phonolites from Saghro (SE Morocco)". Mineralogical Magazine. 73 (1). Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 59. Bibcode:2009MinM...73...59B. doi:10.1180/minmag.2009.073.1.59. ISSN 1471-8022. S2CID 54866658.
^ Pichavant, M.; Scaillet, B.; Pommier, A.; Iacono-Marziano, G.; Cioni, R. (2014). "Nature and Evolution of Primitive Vesuvius Magmas: an Experimental Study". Journal of Petrology. 55 (11). Oxford University Press: 2281–2310. doi:10.1093/petrology/egu057.

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[1] "Unusual Lava Types". Strongly Alkaline Lavas. San Diego State University. Archived from the original on 2020-11-05. Retrieved 2016-09-11.

[2] P. Esser, Richard; R. Kyle, Philip; McIntosh, William C. (2004). "⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: volcano evolution". Bulletin of Volcanology. 66 (8). Springer: 671. Bibcode:2004BVol...66..671E. doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0354-x. S2CID 129118037.

[3] Kuehn, Christian; Guest, Bernard; K. Russell, James; A. Benowitz, Jeff (2015). "The Satah Mountain and Baldface Mountain volcanic fields: Pleistocene hot spot volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, west-central British Columbia, Canada". Bulletin of Volcanology. Springer: 8.

[4] Berger, J.; Ennih, N.; Mercier, J.-C. C.; Liégeois, J.-P.; Demaiffe, D. (2009). "The role of fractional crystallization and late-stage peralkaline melt segregation in the mineralogical evolution of Cenozoic nephelinites/phonolites from Saghro (SE Morocco)". Mineralogical Magazine. 73 (1). Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 59. Bibcode:2009MinM...73...59B. doi:10.1180/minmag.2009.073.1.59. ISSN 1471-8022. S2CID 54866658.

[Pichavant_etal_2014-5] Pichavant, M.; Scaillet, B.; Pommier, A.; Iacono-Marziano, G.; Cioni, R. (2014). "Nature and Evolution of Primitive Vesuvius Magmas: an Experimental Study". Journal of Petrology. 55 (11). Oxford University Press: 2281–2310. doi:10.1093/petrology/egu057.

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v t e Volcanoes
Types	Caldera Cinder cone Complex volcano Cryovolcano Cryptovolcanic structure Fissure vent Lava cone Lava dome Maar Mud volcano Parasitic cone Pyroclastic cone Pyroclastic shield Rootless cone Shield volcano Somma volcano Stratovolcano Subglacial volcano Submarine volcano Supervolcano Tossol Volcanic cone Harmonic tremor
Volcanic rocks	Agglomerate Andesite Basalt Basaltic andesite Benmoreite Blairmorite Cinder Dacite Felsite Ignimbrite Komatiite Lapilli Latite Leucitite Nephelinite Obsidian Phonolite Phonotephrite Pumice Rhyodacite Rhyolite Tephra Tephriphonolite Trachyandesite Trachybasalt Trachyte Tuff Pyroclastic fall Pyroclastic flow
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v t e Types of rocks
Igneous rock	Adakite Andesite Alkali feldspar granite Anorthosite Aplite Basalt Alkali basalt Picrite basalt Basaltic trachyandesite Mugearite Shoshonite Basanite Blairmorite Boninite Carbonatite Charnockite Enderbite Dacite Diabase Diorite Napoleonite Dunite Essexite Foidolite Gabbro Granite Granodiorite Granophyre Harzburgite Hornblendite Hyaloclastite Icelandite Ignimbrite Ijolite Kimberlite Komatiite Lamproite Lamprophyre Latite Lherzolite Monzogranite Monzonite Nepheline syenite Nephelinite Norite Obsidian Pegmatite Peridotite Phonolite Phonotephrite Porphyry Pumice Pyroxenite Quartz diorite Quartz monzonite Quartzolite Rhyodacite Rhyolite Comendite Pantellerite Scoria Shonkinite Sovite Syenite Tachylyte Tephriphonolite Tephrite Tonalite Trachyandesite Benmoreite Trachybasalt Hawaiite Trachyte Troctolite Trondhjemite Tuff Websterite Wehrlite
Sedimentary rock	Argillite Arkose Banded iron formation Breccia Calcarenite Chalk Chert Claystone Coal Conglomerate Coquina Diamictite Diatomite Dolomite Evaporite Flint Geyserite Greywacke Gritstone Itacolumite Jaspillite Laterite Lignite Limestone Lumachelle Marl Mudstone Oil shale Oolite Phosphorite Sandstone Shale Siltstone Sylvinite Tillite Travertine Tufa Turbidite Varve Wackestone
Metamorphic rock	Anthracite Amphibolite Blueschist Cataclasite Eclogite Gneiss Granulite Greenschist Hornfels Calcflinta Itabirite Litchfieldite Marble Migmatite Mylonite Metapelite Metapsammite Phyllite Pseudotachylite Quartzite Schist Serpentinite Skarn Slate Suevite Talc carbonate Soapstone Tectonite Whiteschist
Specific varieties	Adamellite Appinite Aphanite Borolanite Blue Granite Epidosite Felsite Flint Ganister Gossan Hyaloclastite Ijolite Jadeitite Jasperoid Kenyte Lapis lazuli Larvikite Litchfieldite Llanite Luxullianite Mangerite Novaculite Pietersite Pyrolite Rapakivi granite Rhomb porphyry Rodingite Shonkinite Taconite Tachylite Teschenite Theralite Unakite Variolite Wad

See also

References