Carnivoraformes

Carnivoraformes Temporal range: early Paleocene to present
Diversity of Carnivoraformes
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Mirorder:	Ferae
Clade:	Pan-Carnivora
Clade:	Carnivoramorpha
Clade:	Carnivoraformes Flynn, 2010
Subgroups
[see classification]

Carnivoraformes ("carnivoran-like forms") is a clade of placental mammals that includes the modern order Carnivora and its extinct stem-relatives.

Classification and phylogeny

Classification

In 2010 Flynn, Finarelli & Spaulding named a new clade Carnivoraformes within Carnivoramorpha, containing carnivorans and "miacids" but not viverravids. The authors defined Carnivoraformes as the clade containing Carnivora and all taxa that are more closely related to Carnivora (represented by Canis lupus) than to viverravids (represented by Viverravus gracilis).

• Clade: Carnivoraformes (Flynn, 2010) [= Clade "A"]
  • Genus: †Africtis (Mattingly, 2020)
  • Genus: †Dawsonicyon (Spaulding, Flynn & Stucky, 2010)
  • Genus: †Miacis (Cope, 1872)
  • (unranked): Clade "B"
    • Family: †Quercygalidae (Kretzoi, 1945)
    • (unranked): †Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade
      • Genus: †Eogale (Beard & Dawson, 2009)
      • Genus: †Gracilocyon ^{(paraphyletic genus)} (Smith & Smith, 2010)
      • Genus: †Oodectes ^{(paraphyletic genus)} (Wortman, 1901)
      • Genus: †Paramiacis (Mathis, 1985)
      • Genus: †Paroodectes (Springhorn, 1980)
      • Incertae sedis:
        • †"Miacis" sp. [CM 67873 & CM 77299] (Beard & Dawson, 2009)
    • Genus: †Messelogale (Springhorn, 2000)
    • Genus: †Miocyon (Matthew, 1909)
    • Genus: †Simamphicyon (Viret, 1942)
    • Genus: †Uintacyon ^{(paraphyletic genus)} (Leidy, 1872)
    • Genus: †Xinyuictis (Zheng, 1975)
    • Genus: †Zodiocyon (Tong & Wang, 2006)
  • (unranked): Clade "C"
    • Genus: †Dormaalocyon (Solé, 2014)
    • (unranked): †Vulpavus clade
      • Genus: †Palaearctonyx (Matthew, 1909)
      • Genus: †Vassacyon (Matthew, 1909)
      • Genus: †Vulpavus ^{(paraphyletic genus)} (Marsh, 1871)
    • Incertae sedis:
      • †"Miacis" deutschi (Gingerich, 1983)
      • †"Miacis" exiguus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
  • (unranked): Clade "D"
    • Order: Carnivora (Bowdich, 1821) (carnivorans) [= Clade "E"]
      • Suborder: Caniformia (Kretzoi, 1943) ("dog-like" carnivorans)
      • Suborder: Feliformia (Kretzoi, 1945) ("cat-like" carnivorans)
    • Genus: †Ceruttia (Tomiya, 2013)
    • Genus: †Harpalodon (Marsh, 1872)
    • Genus: †Lycarion (Matthew, 1909)
    • Genus: †Neovulpavus (Wortman, 1901)
    • Genus: †Procynodictis (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
    • Genus: †Prodaphaenus (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
    • Genus: †Tapocyon (Stock, 1934)
    • Genus: †Walshius (Tomiya, 2013)
    • Incertae sedis:
      • †"Miacis" gracilis (Clark, 1939)
      • †"Miacis" hargeri (Wortman, 1901)
      • †"Miacis" invictus (Matthew & Granger, 1925)
      • †"Miacis" lushiensis (Chow, 1975)
  • Incertae sedis:
    • †"Miacis" boqinghensis (Huang, 1999)
    • †"Miacis" hookwayi (Stock, 1934)
    • †"Miacis" latidens (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
    • †"Miacis" petilus (Gingerich, 1983)
    • †Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A (Tomiya, 2013)
    • †Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B (Tomiya, 2013)
  • ichnotaxa of Carnivoraformes:
    • Ichnogenus: †Falcatipes (Sargeant & Langston, 1994)

Phylogenetic tree

The phylogenetic relationships of Carnivoraformes are shown in the following cladogram:

Carnivoramorpha	†Viverravidae  †Viverravoidea  ?  †Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)  ?  †Ravenictis  sensu lato   ?  †Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)  ?  †Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)  ?  †"Sinopa" insectivorus  Carnivoraformes   Clade "B"  †Eogale †"Miacis" sp. (CM 67873 & CM 77299) †Gracilocyon igniculus †Gracilocyon winkleri †Gracilocyon solei †Gracilocyon †Gracilocyon sp. (Jibou, Romania) †Gracilocyon rosei †Gracilocyon rundlei †Paramiacis †Paroodectes  †Oodectes jepseni   †Oodectes   †Oodectes herpestoides   †Oodectes proximus   †Oodectes pugnax   †Uintacyon hookeri   †Uintacyon rudis   †Uintacyon   †Uintacyon massetericus   †Uintacyon vorax   †Uintacyon asodes   †Uintacyon edax   †Uintacyon acutus   †Uintacyon jugulans   †Uintacyon gingerichi  †Xinyuictis †Zodiocyon †Miocyon †Simamphicyon  †Uintacyon sp. (USGS 1983)  †Messelogale †Quercygalidae  Clade "C"  †Palaearctonyx  (†Phlaodectes)  †Vulpavus ovatus †Vulpavus profectus †Vulpavus australis †Vulpavus canavus †Vulpavus completus †Vulpavus †Vulpavus farsonensis †Vulpavus palustris †Vassacyon †Dormaalocyon †"Miacis" exiguus †"Miacis" deutschi †Africtis  ?  †Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B †Dawsonicyon †"Miacis" boqinghensis †"Miacis" hookwayi †"Miacis" latidens †"Miacis" petilus  ?  †Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A †Miacis  Clade "D"  †Lycarion †"Miacis" hargeri  ?  †Ceruttia †"Miacis" invictus †"Miacis" lushiensis †Neovulpavus †Harpalodon †Prodaphaenus †"Miacis" gracilis †Procynodictis †Tapocyon  ?  †Walshius  Carnivora  Caniformia Feliformia  sensu stricto	†Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade †Vulpavus clade
(Carnivora [sensu lato])

See also

• Mammal classification
• Carnivoramorpha
• Miacoidea
• Miacidae