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1912 East Carmarthenshire by-election

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Carmarthenshire showing boundaries for 1885-1918

The East Carmarthenshire by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 22 August 1912.[1] The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Vacancy

Abel Thomas, c1905

The East Carmarthenshire MP since 1890 was the Liberal, Abel Thomas. He died on 23 July 1912, causing the by-election. He had been the MP since holding the seat in the 1890 East Carmarthenshire by-election

Previous result

General election December 1910: East Carmarthenshire[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Abel Thomas 5,825 62.5 −13.1
Conservative Mervyn Lloyd Peel 2,315 24.8 +0.5
Labour John Henry Williams 1,176 12.6 N/A
Majority 3,510 37.7 −13.6
Turnout 9,316 75.9 −6.2
Registered electors 12,268
Liberal hold Swing

Candidates

The Liberal candidate chosen to defend the seat was 54-year-old former Congregationalist Minister, Rev. Towyn Jones. For twenty years he had acted as agent for Abel Thomas. A local man, he was prominent in the Welsh Congregational Union and Carmarthenshire civic politics. He was an advocate of the more radical social programme being adopted by the Liberal party. Some local Liberal landowners had tried unsuccessfully to get the local association to select a more conservative and affluent candidate.[3] The Unionists re-adopted local resident and landowner, Mervyn Lloyd Peel. He had been Chairman of East Carmarthenshire Unionist Association since 1907. He was a 56-year-old Barrister, born in Sale, Cheshire, and son of a Carmarthenshire Deputy Lieutenant. Peel was contesting the seat for third consecutive time.

The Independent Labour Party re-adopted 42-year-old Dr John Henry Williams who had also stood here last time. He was a general practitioner in Burry Port, Carmarthenshire. However, the Labour Party nationally did not adopt him as a candidate on this occasion.

Campaign

The Labour campaign got off to a bad start when the South Wales Miners Federation decided not to back Dr Williams, forcing him to rely entirely on the local branch of the Independent Labour Party. Williams criticised the use of the military in the 1911 Llanelli railway strike.[4] Peel, the Unionist candidate, was critical of the Parliament Act 1911 which restricted the powers of the House of Lords. The Unionist campaign received a boost when, on 8 August 1912, they gained Manchester North West from the Liberals.

Result

Towyn Jones
1912 East Carmarthenshire by-election[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Josiah Towyn Jones 6,082 57.8 −4.7
Unionist Mervyn Lloyd Peel 3,354 31.9 +7.1
Ind. Labour Party John Henry Williams 1,089 10.3 −2.3
Majority 2,728 25.9 −11.8
Turnout 10,525 80.3 +4.4
Registered electors 13,113
Liberal hold Swing -5.9

Although the Liberal party share of the vote was down, the result was satisfactory, given that they had a new candidate replacing a long established incumbent. Although the Unionists did not come close to winning, they will have been encouraged by their increased share of the vote. For the Labour party to see their vote go down despite fielding an established local candidate, was a worry particularly when the Liberal government could be associated with some unpopular measures.

Aftermath

A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the summer of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.

General Election 1914/15: East Carmarthenshire Electorate[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Josiah Towyn Jones
Unionist
Labour John Henry Williams

Under the Representation of the People Act 1918 the East Carmarthenshire seat was abolished, and was replaced by the new seat of Llanelli at the general election of that year.

General election 14 December 1918: Llanelli Electorate[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal *Josiah Towyn Jones 16,344 53.1 N/A
Labour John Henry Williams 14,409 46.9 N/A
Majority 1,935 6.2 N/A
Turnout 30,753 68.9 N/A
Registered electors 30,753
Liberal win (new seat)
  • Jones was the endorsed candidate of the Coalition Government.

References

  1. ^ Craig, F.W.S. (1987). Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987. Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 107.
  2. ^ a b c d Craig, F. W. S. (1974). British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 (1 ed.). London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press Ltd. ISBN 9780333169032. Page 472
  3. ^ Political Change and the Labour Party 1900-1918
  4. ^ Political Change and the Labour Party 1900-1918

Further reading

  • Craig, F. W. S. (1974). British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 (1 ed.). London: Macmillan.
  • Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org
  • Who's Who: www.ukwhoswho.com
  • Debrett's House of Commons 1916
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