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Pōmare IV

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Pōmare IV
Queen of Tahiti
Reign11 January 1827 – 17 September 1877
PredecessorPōmare III
SuccessorPōmare V
RegentTeriʻitariʻa Ariʻipaeavahine
Teriʻitoʻoterai Teremoemoe
Council of Chiefs
Born(1813-02-28)28 February 1813
Pare, Tahiti
Died17 September 1877(1877-09-17) (aged 64)
Royal Palace, Papeete, Tahiti
Burial
Pōmare Royal Cemetery, Papaʻoa, ʻArue
SpouseTapoa II
Ariʻifaʻaite
Issue
among others		Ariʻiaue
Pōmare V
Teriʻimaevarua II
Tamatoa V
Punuariʻi Teriʻitapunui
Teriʻitua Tuavira
Names
ʻAimata Pōmare IV Vahine-o-Punuateraʻitua
HouseHouse of Pōmare
FatherPōmare II
MotherTeriʻitoʻoterai Tere-moe-moe
ReligionReformed
SignaturePōmare IV's signature
Queen Pōmare IV, portrait by Charles Giraud, Musée du quai Branly
Queen Pomare's Palace, Tahiti (LMS, 1869, p. 30)[1]
Queen Pōmare IV, portrait by Charles Giraud, Musée de Tahiti et des Îles

Pōmare IV (28 February 1813 – 17 September 1877), more properly ʻAimata Pōmare IV Vahine-o-Punuateraʻitua (otherwise known as ʻAimata – "eye-eater", after an old custom of the ruler to eat the eye of the defeated foe[2]), was the Queen of Tahiti between 1827 and 1877. She was the fourth monarch of the Kingdom of Tahiti.

Family

Pōmare was the daughter of Pōmare II and Teriʻitoʻoterai Tere-moe-moe, his second wife. Her grandfather was Pōmare I.

She succeeded as ruler of Tahiti after the death of her brother Pōmare III when she was only 14 years old.

Biography

In 1843, the French declared Tahiti a French protectorate and installed a governor at Papeete. She fought in vain against French intervention, writing to the King Louis Philippe I of France and Queen Victoria, asking in vain for British intervention, and exiling herself to Raiatea in protest.[3] What followed was the bloody French-Tahitian War which lasted from 1843 to 1847, involving every kingdom of the Society Islands. The Tahitians suffered many casualties, but the French losses were also great. Although the British never assisted the Tahitians, they actively condemned France and war nearly broke between the two powers in the Pacific. These conflicts ended in the defeat of the Tahitian forces at the Fort of Fautaua. The French were victorious, but they weren't able to annex the island due to diplomatic pressure from Great Britain, so Tahiti and Moorea continued to be ruled under the French protectorate. A clause to the war settlement was that Queen Pōmare's allies in Huahine, Raiatea, and Bora Bora would be allowed to remain independent.[4][5][6]

Pōmare IV eventually relented and ruled under the French administration from 1847 until 1877.[4] She attempted to install her children in positions of power in Tahiti and the Leeward Islands. Three of her children were to become monarchs in their own right: King Pōmare V of Tahiti (r. 1877–1880), Queen Teriʻimaevarua II of Bora Bora (r. 1860–1873), King Tamatoa V of Raiatea-Tahaa (r. 1857–1871).[7]

Pōmare IV died on 17 September 1877. She is buried in the Royal Mausoleum, Papaʻoa, ʻArue. She was succeeded by Pōmare V, who reigned 1877–1880.[8]

Issue

In December 1822, Pōmare married the future King Tapoa II of Taha'a and Bora Bora.[9][10] In 1830, Tahiti was visited by HMS Seringapatam, and her captain William Waldegrave noted in his diary with some surprise that Pōmare was then sixteen years old and married but had no children.[11] The marriage remained childless and ended with the Queen repudiating it on the ground that Tapoa was sterile.[10]

On 5 December 1832, Pōmare was married again, this time to her first cousin, Tenaniʻa Ariʻifaʻaite a Hiro (10 January 1820 – 6 August 1873).[12] By her second husband, she had issue:

  1. A boy (1833, died young),[13] died of dysentery.[14]
  2. Henry Pōmare (August 1835, died young),[13] died of dysentery.[14]
  3. Ariʻiaue Pōmare (12 August 1838 – 10 May 1856), Crown Prince of Tahiti, Ariʻi of Afaʻahiti.[12]
  4. Pōmare V (3 November 1839 – 12 June 1891), succeeded as King of Tahiti.[12]
  5. Teriʻimaevarua II (23 May 1841 – 12 February 1873), succeeded as Queen of Bora Bora.[12]
  6. Tamatoa V (23 September 1842 – 30 September 1881), succeeded as King of Ra'iātea and Taha'a.[12]
  7. Victoria Pōmare-vahine (1844 – June 1845).[15][16][17]
  8. Punuariʻi Teriʻitapunui Pōmare (20 March 1846 – 18 September 1888), Ariʻi of Mahina and President of the Tahitian High Court.[12][18]
  9. Teriʻitua Tuavira Pōmare (17 December 1847 – 9 April 1875), Ariʻirahi of Hitiaʻa, called "Prince Joinville".[12]
  10. Tevahitua Pōmare (1850/1852, died young).[19][20]

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ London Missionary Society, ed. (1869). Fruits of Toil in the London Missionary Society. London: John Snow & Co. p. 30. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  2. ^ Sand, Elin "Woman Ruler: Woman Rule" pg. 289
  3. ^ O'Brien 2006, pp. 108–129.
  4. ^ a b Matsuda 2005, pp. 91–112.
  5. ^ Ward & Gooch 1922, pp. 182–185.
  6. ^ La guerre franco-tahitienne (1844–1846). Histoire de l'Assemblée de la Polynésie française
  7. ^ Stevenson 2014, p. 141.
  8. ^ "THE New Zealand Herald AND DAILY SOUTHERN CROSS.TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1891". New Zealand Herald. 4 August 1891. p. 4. Retrieved 29 June 2023 – via Papers Past.
  9. ^ Cuzent 1860, pp. 46–47.
  10. ^ a b Mortimer 1838, pp. 379–382.
  11. ^ W. Waldegrave, "Extracts from a Private Journal Kept on Board H. M. S. Seringapatam, in the Pacific, 1830", The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 3 (London: Wiley on behalf of The Royal Geographical Society, 1833), pp. 168-196
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Henry & Orsmond 1928, p. 249–251.
  13. ^ a b "Their first two children died. Then, they had Ariiaue..." Pritchard 1983, p. 225
  14. ^ a b Bennett 1840, p. 75.
  15. ^ London Missionary Society 1845, p. 252.
  16. ^ London Missionary Society 1846, pp. 248–251.
  17. ^ Mortimer 1869, p. 422.
  18. ^ Pritchard 1983, p. 226.
  19. ^ Teissier 1978, p. 75.
  20. ^ "The Polynesian". The Polynesian. 16 April 1859. Retrieved 30 June 2013.

Bibliography

Further reading

Succession

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pōmare IV.
Regnal titles
Preceded by Queen of Tahiti
1827–1877 		Succeeded by
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