Sebastián de Belalcázar
Sebastián de Belalcázar | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1490 |
| Died | April 28, 1551 |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Other names | Sebastián de Benalcázar Sebastián Moyano y Cabrera |
| Occupation | Conquistador |
| Known for | Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire Conquest of the Muisca Founder of Cali Founder of Pasto Founder of Popayán |
Sebastián Moyano y Cabrera, best known as Sebastián de Belalcázar (Spanish pronunciation: [seβasˈtjan de βelalˈkaθaɾ]; c. 1490 – April 28, 1551) was a Spanish conquistador.[1] Belalcázar, also written as Benalcázar, is known as the founder of important early colonial cities in the northwestern part of South America; Quito in 1534 and Cali, Pasto and Popayán in 1537. Belalcázar led expeditions in present-day Ecuador and Colombia and died of natural causes after being sentenced to death in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia in 1551.
Early life
He was born as Sebastián Moyano in the province of Córdoba, Spain, in either 1479 or 1480. He took the name Belalcázar as that was the name of the castle-town near to his birthplace in Córdoba.[2]: 157 According to various sources, he may have left for the New World with Christopher Columbus as early as 1498.
Americas
He was an encomendero in Panama in 1522. He entered Nicaragua with Francisco Hernández de Córdoba in 1524 during the conquest of Nicaragua,[2]: 157 and became the first mayor of the city of León in Nicaragua. He remained there until 1527, when he left for Honduras as a result of internal disputes among the Spanish governors. Briefly returning to León, he sailed to the coast of Peru, where he united with the expedition of Francisco Pizarro in 1532.[2]: 157, 260
Conquest of modern-day Ecuador
In 1534, while commanding the settlement of San Miguel for Francisco Pizarro, Sebastian set off to conquer Quito in modern-day Ecuador, without orders from Pizarro. Quito had been the northernmost city of the Inca Empire, but while Belalcázar defeated the Inca general Rumiñahui, the local population secreted the city treasure away. Belalcázar then founded the new city of Quito with Diego de Almagro and Baltasar Maldonado, honoring Pizarro by naming it in full "San Francisco de Quito".[3]: 226
Conquest of modern-day Colombia
Moving northward into present day Colombia in search of El Dorado in 1535, he entered the Cauca River Valley, founding the southwestern Colombian cities of Santiago de Cali in 1536, and Pasto and Popayán (next in importance after Quito) in 1537.[4] Crossing overland to the Magdalena River Valley, he entered the highlands of central Colombia, which had also been reached by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and Nikolaus Federmann, a German, in 1539. The three presented their dispute before King and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The King granted Belalcázar rule of the area with the title of governor of Popayán and the honorary title of adelantado in May 1540. As so often happened among the conquistadors, land squabbles developed again, this time between Belalcázar and Pascual de Andagoya (1495–1548), who also claimed the governorship of Popayán. Belalcázar successfully defended his lands, and took over some of Andagoya's. He then intervened in a disagreement between supporters of the families of Pizarro and Almagro in Perú. In 1546, he ordered the execution of Jorge Robledo, who governed a neighboring province in yet another land-related vendetta. He was put to trial in absentia in 1550, convicted and condemned to death for the death of Robledo, and other offenses pertaining to his constant involvement in the various wars between other conquistadors. A victim of his own ambition, he died in 1551 before he could begin the voyage back to Spain to appeal the decision, in Cartagena, Colombia.
See also
References
- ^ "Sebastián Moyano | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
- ^ a b c Leon, P., 1998, The Discovery and Conquest of Peru, Chronicles of the New World Encounter, edited and translated by Cook and Cook, Durham: Duke University Press, ISBN 9780822321460
- ^ Prescott, W.H., 2011, The History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing, ISBN 9781420941142
- ^ Andagoya, Pascual de. Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila. The Hakluyt Society. p. xxv. Retrieved 21 June 2019 – via Wikisource.
- 15th-century births
- 1551 deaths
- People from the Province of Córdoba (Spain)
- Spanish conquistadors
- Andalusian conquistadors
- Prisoners sentenced to death by Spain
- People sentenced to death in absentia
- Spanish prisoners sentenced to death
- Colonial Central America
- Colonial Peru
- 16th century in Ecuador
- Colonial Colombia
- 16th-century Peruvian people
- 16th-century Spanish people