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Al Gross (engineer)

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For other people named Al Gross, see Al Gross.
Al Gross
Photographed by Leo Sorel
Born(1918-02-22)February 22, 1918
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
DiedDecember 21, 2000(2000-12-21) (aged 82)
Sun City, Arizona, U.S.
OccupationEngineer
Engineering career
DisciplineWireless communication

Irving "Al" Gross (/ɡroʊs/; February 22, 1918 – December 21, 2000) was a pioneer in mobile wireless communication. He created and patented many communications devices, specifically in relation to an early version of the walkie-talkie,[1] Citizens' Band radio,[2] the telephone pager[2] and the cordless telephone.[3]

Biography

FCC amateur radio license of Al Gross

Gross was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1918, the son of Romanian-Jewish immigrants, he grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States.[4]

His lifelong enthusiasm for radio was sparked at age nine, when traveling on Lake Erie by a steamboat.[3] While sneaking around the boat he ended up in the radio transmissions room. The ship's operator let him listen in on transmissions. Later, Gross turned the basement of his house into a radio station, built from scavenged junkyard parts.

At sixteen he earned his amateur radio license, and he used his call sign (W8PAL) his whole life.

The walkie-talkie

His interest and knowledge in radio technology had grown considerably by the time he in 1936 entered the BSEE program at Cleveland's Case of Applied Sciences (now a part of Case Western Reserve University). He was determined to investigate the unexplored frequency region above 100 MHz. Between 1938 and 1941, soon after the invention of the walkie talkie in 1937 by Donald Hings, he created and patented his own version of the "walkie-talkie".

World War II

During World War II, Gross had some limited involvement in building a two-way air-to-ground communications system for the U.S. OSS (a forerunner to the CIA) for use in military operations, known as the Joan-Eleanor system. It comprised a hand-held SSTC-502 transceiver ("Joan") and a much larger aircraft-based SSTR-6 transceiver ("Eleanor"). Gross' actual contribution to the project is unclear (he was not an OSS member), but the main developers on the project were Dewitt R. Goddard and Lt. Cmdr. Stephen H. Simpson (Goddard's wife's name was Eleanor, and reportedly Joan was an acquaintance of Simpson). The system operated at frequencies above 250 MHz, which was at a much higher frequency than the enemy had thought conceivable. This allowed operatives using "Joan" to communicate with high altitude bombers carrying "Eleanor" for times of 10 to 15 minutes without the use of code words, eliminating the need for decryption. It was developed beginning in late 1942, was highly successful and very difficult to detect behind enemy lines at the time. It was marked Top Secret by the U.S. military until it was declassified and made public in 1976.[5]

Citizens' Band (CB)

After the war the FCC allocated the first frequencies for personal radio services; the Citizens' Radio Service Frequency Band (1946). Gross formed Gross Electronics Co.[5] to produce two-way communications system to utilize these frequencies, and his company was the first to receive FCC approval in 1948.[2] He sold more than 100 thousand units of his system, mostly to farmers and the U.S. Coast Guard.[2]

Two-way radios

Cartoonist Chester Gould asked if he could use Gross' concept of a miniaturized two-way radio in his Dick Tracy comic strip. The result was the Dick Tracy two-way wrist radio.[5]

Telephone pager

Another breakthrough came in 1949 when he adapted his two-way radios to one-way for cordless remote telephonic signaling. He had effectively invented the first telephone pager system. His intention for this system was to be used by medical doctors, but was met with skepticism by doctors who were afraid the system would upset patients.[6] This same technology is used in one-way radio signaling devices such as garage door openers.

Later years

In 1950 he tried in vain to interest telephone companies in mobile telephony.[2] Bell Telephone was uninterested, and other companies were afraid of Bell's monopoly on transmission lines.

Gross continued inventing, and began working as a specialist in microwave and other communications systems for companies such as Sperry Corporation and General Electric.[5] He continued working until his death at age 82.[7]

Recognition

Gross has received much recognition for his work, including, but not limited to:

Awards

Honors

See also

References

  1. ^ "Edwin Howard Armstrong Achievement Award". IEEE Communications Society. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Inventor of the Week: Archive". MIT. August 19, 2003. Archived from the original on August 19, 2003. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Al Gross". Lemelson-MIT Program. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved December 16, 2008. Gross earned a degree in electrical engineering in 1938 from what is now Case Western University in Cleveland, Ohio. He served as principal engineer at such leading electronics companies as Sperry Corp., Westinghouse, and Orbital Sciences great. Gross also received the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Edwin Howard Armstrong Achievement Award and Medal (1999), the Marconi Memorial Gold Medal of Achievement (1997) and was given a Presidential Commendation in Telecommunications from Ronald Reagan (1981).
  4. ^ Al Gross Article Archive Archived October 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b c d "Al Gross". RetroCom. Archived from the original on August 11, 2003. Retrieved August 11, 2003.
  6. ^ "Al Gross Papers, 1909–2000, Ms2001-011, Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives". Archival Resources of the Virginias. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  7. ^ "Radio Phone Inventor "born too soon"". Associated Press. January 16, 2001. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved December 16, 2008. Al Gross, Canadian-born inventor of the walkie-talkie and a father of wireless communication, once said he believed he was born 35 years too soon. He died December 21 in Sun City, Arizona, at age 82.
  8. ^ "Edwin Howard Armstrong Achievement Award". IEEE Communications Society. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
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