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"Deep Ocean Exploration and Research" redirects here. For the research journal, see Deep Sea Research. For the topic, see oceanography and deep-sea exploration.
Deep Ocean Exploration and Research
Founded1992
FounderSylvia Earle
Headquarters
Alameda, California
Key people
  • Liz Taylor (Pres/CEO)
  • Ian Griffiths (Ops)
  • Tony Lawson (Engr)
Websitedoermarine.com

DOER Marine (Deep Ocean Exploration and Research)[1] is a marine technology company established in 1992 by oceanographer Sylvia Earle, based in Alameda, California.

History

Sylvia Earle, photographed with Wisdom (2012)

Earle and submersible designer Graham Hawkes founded Deep Ocean Engineering (DOE) in 1982;[2] DOE's products included Phantom, an uncrewed submersible, Deep Rover, a one-person submersible which set a record for deepest solo dive at 1,000 m (3,300 ft), and Deep Flight, designed to descend faster than previous deep-diving submersibles.[3] Later, she left DOE to become the chief scientist at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1991.[3] Hawkes left DOE and founded Hawkes Ocean Technologies in 1996 to further explore the concepts advanced by Deep Flight.[4]

Earle left NOAA at about the same time DOER was founded in 1992; she intended to continue work on the Ocean Everest project,[5] which she had started with Hawkes at DOE; Ocean Everest aimed to descend to Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench using the planned Deep Flight-2 crewed submersible.[6] DOER Marine was established in 1992,[7] which specializes in crewed and robotic submersibles, performing design, operation, support, and consulting.[8]

After Earle became the Explorer in Residence at the National Geographic Society in 1995, corporate management was assumed by Earle's daughter, Liz Taylor (President / CEO),[9][10] supported by Ian Griffith (Director of Marine Operations) and Tony Lawson (Director of Engineering). The company moved into Hangar 41 of the former Naval Air Station Alameda in 2003.[1]

Products and services

Submersibles

While he was at DOE, Hawkes had built two prototype Deep Flight-1 submersibles,[6] although finding funding for these was challenging.[11]: 147  An earlier concept for an Ocean Everest submersible included a two-person crew and a carbon fiber hull; DOE stated they intended to have it certified by the American Bureau of Shipping with a pressure rating of 30,000 psi (210 MPa; 2,000 atm), giving it a 2:1 factor of safety.[12]

DOER worked with Nuytco Research and the National Geographic Society for the Sustainable Seas Expeditions, which were undertaken between 1997 and 2002. DOER provided training for pilots of the Nuytco Deep Worker and DOE Deep Rover submersibles.[13] David Riordan visited DOER in 2003, asking how he could raise awareness of the ocean's declining fish populations; together with Earle, they devised Project Deepsearch, which would raise funds to develop new submersibles capable of descending to the full depth of the ocean by selling video games, films, and other media.[13]

The resulting Deepsearch crewed submersible was among the competitors to return to Challenger Deep, developed by DOER with financial support from Google's Eric Schmidt.[14][15] Other competitors included Steve Fossett (with DeepFlight Challenger, backed by Richard Branson's Virgin Group), James Cameron (who would eventually claim the X Prize in 2012 with Deepsea Challenger),[16] and Triton Submarines (with Triton).[17] DOER built the manipulator arm for Deepsea Challenger and tested its lower hull.[18]

Deepsearch was intended to carry a crew of two or three; like the prior Deep Flight prototypes, it was designed to be positively buoyant, with flow over winglets providing descending force,[11]: 146–147  allowing it to reach the bottom in 90 minutes.[14][19][20] In addition to the hydrodynamic winglets, DOER was investigating the use of a thick glass spherical pressure hull and floatation using packed ceramic spheres rather than syntactic foam.[13] Deepsearch was undergoing scale model testing when Schmidt pulled his funding in 2009 and the project was suspended.[21]

A complimentary submersible named Ocean Explorer was being developed at the same time as Deepsearch, designed to replace lockout diving functionality lost after the Johnson Sea Link submersibles retired. Ocean Explorer had a targeted maximum depth of 5,000 m (16,000 ft)[14]

ROVs

DOER also has developed several remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs), including H6500,[22] which later was developed by Pelagic Research Services into ROV Odysseus 6K.

Mapping

In 2009, DOER coordinated efforts from multiple agencies supplying underwater map data, resulting in the Ocean module of Google Earth, released in version 5.0.[23]

References

  1. ^ a b "About DOER Marine". DOER Marine. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
  2. ^ White, Wallace (June 26, 1989). "Her Deepness". The New Yorker. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  3. ^ a b Orenstein, Peggy (June 23, 1991). "Champion of the Deep". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  4. ^ "Graham Hawkes, founder and chief engineer of Hawkes Ocean Technologies". The Engineer. 13 May 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  5. ^ Dolan, Maura (July 27, 1993). "COLUMN ONE : Sea Studies Struggle in Space Age : Frustrated by our preoccupation with the stars, oceanographers urge us to look down, not up. They cite natural wonders and lament the scientific ventures that they say are being shortchanged". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  6. ^ a b Stover, Dawn (April 1995). "Queen of the Deep". Popular Science. pp. 67–72, 92. In 1992, Earle returned to private life and a project called Ocean Everest, which she and Hawkes had started. The goal of the project is to visit [Challenger Deep,] the deepest spot in the world's oceans—the underwater equivalent of climbing Mount Everest.
  7. ^ Schueman, Lindsey Jean. "Climate Hero: Dr. Sylvia Earle". One Earth. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  8. ^ "Sustainable Seas 2002 Explorers". Ocean Explorer. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  9. ^ Wuest, Patricia (March 18, 2023). "Liz Taylor: A Diver and a Doer". DAN World. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  10. ^ Frost, Bob (2018). "Saving the Sea". Alameda Magazine. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  11. ^ a b Earle, Sylvia (1995). Sea Change. New York City: G.P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 0-399-14060-3.
  12. ^ Pope, Gregory T.; Hejja, Attila (illus.) (April 1990). "Deep Flight". Popular Mechanics. pp. 70–72.
  13. ^ a b c Taylor, Liz; Lawson, Tony (2009). "Project Deepsearch: An Innovative Solution for Accessing the Oceans". Marine Technology Society Journal. 43 (5): 169–177. doi:10.4031/MTSJ.43.5.28. ISSN 1948-1209.
  14. ^ a b c "Deep Search". DOER Marine. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  15. ^ Woody, Todd (August 16, 2011). "Branson And Schmidt Race To The Bottom Of The Ocean". Forbes. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  16. ^ "James Cameron plunges solo to deepest spot in world's oceans". CNN. March 25, 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  17. ^ "Race to the bottom of the ocean". BBC News. 22 February 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  18. ^ Dokoupil, Tony (January 14, 2013). "The Last Dive? Funding for Human Expeditions in the Ocean May Have Run Aground". Newsweek. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Race to the bottom of the ocean: DOER". BBC News. 22 February 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  20. ^ "DOER Marine at the Deep Search website". Archived from the original on 2012-05-11. Retrieved 2012-12-20.
  21. ^ Else, Holly (1 May 2012). "Deep-sea adventurers". Professional Engineering. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Retrieved 30 June 2023. DOER's project was not about one man's quest to race to the bottom of the trench, but to replace a 50-year-old submersible called Alvin used by scientific researchers. The Deepsearch project got to the scale testing stage before funding was pulled by the Marine Science and Technology Foundation, whose president is Eric Schmidt, the former chief executive of Google. [...] Deepsearch would be floated using modern syntactic foam or a matrix of fist-size ceramic spheres filled with air. But the decision on the use of flotation materials was never made as the project lost its funding in 2009.
  22. ^ "Products: ROVS". DOER Marine. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  23. ^ Earle, Sylvia (February 2, 2009). "A deep dive into the ocean in Google Earth". Google Maps blog. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
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