Economy of North Rhine-Westphalia
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (December 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) has always been Germany's powerhouse with the largest economy among the German states by GDP figures.[1] If NRW were a sovereign country, it would have an economy comparable to that of Saudi Arabia in terms of nominal gross domestic product (GDP) as of 2014.[2] Of all German states, most money from abroad is invested in NRW.[3]
In the 1950s and 1960s, the state was known as the Land von Kohle und Stahl (land of coal and steel). In the post-WWII recovery, the Ruhr was one of the most important industrial regions in Europe, and contributed to the German Wirtschaftswunder. As of the late 1960s, repeated crises had led to contractions of these industrial branches. On the other hand, producing sectors, particularly in mechanical engineering and metal and iron working industries, experienced substantial growth. Some former coal mining areas retain high unemployment rates. Despite this structural change and an economic growth which was under the national average, the 2007 GDP of 529.4 billion euro (21.8 percent of the total German GDP) made the land the economically most important in Germany, as well as one of the most important economic areas in the world.[4] Of Germany’s top 100 corporations, 37 are based in North Rhine-Westphalia. On a per capita basis, however, North Rhine-Westphalia remains one of the weaker among the Western German Länder, or states.[5] It has the second-highest exports of all German states behind Baden-Württemberg (2019).[6] As of June 2014, the unemployment rate is 8.2%, second highest among all western German states.[7]
| Year[8] | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment rate in % | 9.2 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 12.0 | 11.4 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 6.8 |
North Rhine-Westphalia attracts companies from both Germany and abroad, with 26 of the 50 largest German companies based in Germany's most westerly federal state. These include leading German corporations such as E.ON (energy), Deutsche Telekom (telecommunications), Deutsche Post World Net (logistics), Metro AG (food trade), ThyssenKrupp (automotive supplier), RWE (energy) and Rewe Gruppe (trade). The state can rightly claim the most foreign direct investments (FDI) anywhere in Germany.[9] With 28.7 percent (187.6 billion euros), North Rhine-Westphalia recorded by far the highest direct investment share in Germany of all 16 federal states in 2008.[10]
Around 11,500 foreign companies from the most important investment countries control their German or European operations from bases in North Rhine-Westphalia. This means that almost a quarter of the foreign companies in Germany are domiciled there. These include many international global players such as 3M, BP, Ericsson, Ford, LG Electronics, QVC, Sony, Renault, Toyota, and Vodafone. The companies employ a total of over 582,000 people. Their activities range from pure production to sophisticated services.
There have been many changes in the state's economy in recent times. Among them, the creative industries have come to outrank the mining sector in terms of employment.[11] Industrial heritage sites are now workplaces for designers, artists and the advertising industry.[11] The Ruhr region, formerly known as the "land of coal and steel" (Land von Kohle und Stahl), has - since the 1960s - undergone a significant structural change away from coal mining and steel industry.[12] Many rural parts of Eastern Westphalia, Bergisches Land and the Lower Rhine ground their economy on "Hidden Champions" in various sectors.[13]
Due to underfunding, citizen resistance to major projects and a lack of staff, political willingness and planning capacities, the state's infrastructure is seen as in need of improvement.[14][15][16]
See also
References
- ^ Campbell, Eric. "Germany – German Powerhouse". NRW. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ Kaiser, Arvid (2014-02-14). "Wirtschaftsvergleich: Bayern wie die Schweiz, Bremen wie Jemen". Manager Magazin (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
- ^ "TopNRW | Das Landesportal Wir in NRW". www.land.nrw (in German). 2016-07-28. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- ^ "Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Mittelstand und Energie des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen: Konjunkturindikatoren NRW". Wirtschaft.nrw.de. Archived from the original on 2007-08-13. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
- ^ [1] Archived June 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Exportquote in Deutschland nach Bundesländern". www.statistik-bw.de. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
- ^ "Unemployment Rate". statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
- ^ (Destatis), © Statistisches Bundesamt (2018-11-13). "Federal Statistical Office Germany – GENESIS-Online". www-genesis.destatis.de. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
- ^ Rivergate | Federal States of Germany[dead link]
- ^ the Online Editor. "Sorry, we can't find that page". Neweuropeaneconomy.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ a b "Culture". State of North Rhine-Westphalia. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- ^ Müller, Benedikt. "Die Kohle geht, die Arbeit bleibt". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- ^ "Hidden Champions: Die Starken aus der zweiten Reihe". iwd (in German). Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- ^ "Infrastruktur: Bayern investiert am meisten, NRW am wenigsten". www.derneuekaemmerer.de (in German). 27 June 2016. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- ^ "Nordrhein-Westfalen: Warum die Infrastruktur im Rheinland so desaströs ist". www.rp-online.de (in German). 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- ^ Jansen, Jonas (2021-12-29). "Stauland NRW Marode Brücken und kein Ende". FAZ.NET (in German). Retrieved 2021-12-29.