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List of colonists at Roanoke

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Roanoke Colony was an enterprise financed and organized by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 16th century to establish a permanent English settlement in the Virginia Colony.

1585 colony

The original colony was established in 1585 as a military outpost under the command of Ralph Lane, and evacuated in 1586. A list of colonists is provided in Richard Hakluyt's The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation, although no author is recorded for the list. The list denotes 107 men who served under Lane, for a total of 108 colonists.[1]

A point of contention among historians is that John White is not listed among the 1585 colonists.[2]: 259  White is known to have arrived at Roanoke with the colonists, but there is no record of him remaining with the colony through the winter or returning to England with Richard Grenville's fleet. David Beers Quinn argued that White must have remained in the colony long enough to produce a map based on the colonists' 1586 exploration of the region. He speculated that a simple error could have omitted White from the list, or included him as "Iohn Twyt", "William White", or "Iohn Wright".[3]: 40–41, 196–197  In contrast, James Horn observed that White produced no known artwork of the people and towns discovered after August 1585, suggesting he was no longer present in the colony. As for the map, Horn argued that White, who was not a surveyor, would have based his illustration on someone else's survey data, making it no less plausible that he received such data in England than at Roanoke.[2]: 259  In any event, the dispute raises the possibility of errors in the list Hakluyt published, and that the figure of 108 may not be exact.

  1. Philip Amadas
  2. Hariot
  3. Acton
  4. Edward Stafford
  5. Thomas Luddington
  6. Maruyn
  7. Gardiner
  8. Captaine Vaughan
  9. Kendall
  10. Prideox
  11. Robert Holecroft
  12. Rise Courtney
  13. Hugh Roger
  14. Thomas Haruie
  15. Snelling
  16. Anthony Russe
  17. Allyne
  18. Michael Polison
  19. Iohn Cage
  20. Thomas Parre
  21. William Randes
  22. Geffery Churchman
  23. William Farthow
  24. Iohn Taylor
  25. Philip Robyns
  26. Thomas Philips
  27. Valentine Beale
  28. Thomas Foxe
  29. Darby Glande
  30. Edward Nugen
  31. Edward Kelle
  32. Iohn Gostigo
  33. Erasmus Clefs
  34. Edward Ketcheman
  35. Iohn Linsey
  36. Thomas Rottenbury
  37. Roger Deane
  38. Iohn Harris
  39. Francis Norris
  40. Matthew Lyne
  41. Edward Kettell
  42. Thomas Wisse
  43. Robert Biscombe
  44. William Backhouse
  45. William White
  46. Henry Potkin
  47. Dennis Barnes
  48. Ioseph Borges
  49. Dougham Gannes
  50. William Tenche
  51. Randall Latham
  52. Thomas Hulme
  53. Walter Mill
  54. Richard Gilbert
  55. Steuen Pomarie
  56. Iohn Brocke
  57. Bennet Harrie
  58. Iames Steuenson
  59. Charles Steuenson
  60. Christopher Lowde
  61. Ieremie Man
  62. Iames Mason
  63. Dauid Salter
  64. Richard Ireland
  65. Thomas Bookener
  66. William Philips
  67. Randall Mayne
  68. Iames Skinner
  69. George Eseuen
  70. Iohn Chandeler
  71. Philip Blunt
  72. Richard Poore
  73. Robert Yong
  74. Marmaduke Constable
  75. Thomas Hesket
  76. William Wasse
  77. Iohn Feuer
  78. Daniel
  79. Thomas Taylor
  80. Richard Humfrey
  81. Iohn Wright
  82. Gabriel North
  83. Bennet Chappell
  84. Richard Sare
  85. Iames Lacie
  86. Smolkin
  87. Thomas Smart
  88. Robert
  89. Iohn Euans
  90. Roger Large
  91. Humfrey Garden
  92. Francis Whitton
  93. Rowland Gryffin
  94. William Millard
  95. Iohn Twit
  96. Edward Seclemore
  97. Iohn Anwike
  98. Christopher Marshall
  99. Dauid Williams
  100. Nicholas Swabber
  101. Edward Chipping
  102. Siluester Beching
  103. Vincent Cheyne
  104. Hance Walters
  105. Edward Barecombe
  106. Thomas Skeuelabs
  107. William Walters

1587 colony

Following the evacuation of the 1585 Roanoke colony, Walter Raleigh commissioned a second colony to be established by John White in 1587. The second colony was intended to settle in Chesapeake Bay, but instead was deposited on Roanoke Island. The colonists requested that White return to England, with the expectation that he would come back to Roanoke with fresh supplies in 1588.[4] When White finally returned in 1590, the site of the colony was abandoned.[5]

The exact number of people in the "Lost Colony" is disputed.[6]: 232  Hakluyt's Principal Navigations provides a list of 119 individuals who "safely arrived in Virginia" and remained there as of August 1587.[7] The list is not credited, but was presumably compiled by White, given his unique familiarity with the matter.[3]: 539  However, White himself is included in the list, as well as Simon Fernandes (who also returned to England) and two men who had died prior to White's departure. The name "Thomas Harris" appears twice, possibly representing two men with the same name or an unintentional duplication.[8]: 206  These problems suggest the possibility of other, less obvious issues in the list.

In a 1955 analysis of the list, David Beers Quinn determined "therefore, eighty-five men, less one dead (George Howe) and two returned (John White and Simon Fernandez), seventeen women and eleven children, making 113 brought from England and 110 left by White, plus two children born on Roanoke Island and two Indians, the total left behind being 114." However, Quinn's count of 85 European men may be in error, as he presents all 91 names from Hakluyt but only deducts three.[3]: 543  A very conservative tabulation (discounting White, Fernandes, Howe, Thomas Smith and the second Thomas Harris, and assuming Manteo and Towaye did not reside with the colony) would yield a population of 112 following White's departure. In contrast, Andy Gabriel-Powell proposed that the Hakluyt list may be incomplete, and that the total could be as high as 121.[9]: 61–63 

Men

  1. John White[a]
  2. Roger Baily
  3. Ananias Dare
  4. Christopher Cooper
  5. Thomas Stevens
  6. John Sampson
  7. Dyonis Harvie
  8. Roger Prat
  9. George How[b]
  10. Simon Fernandes[a]
  11. Nicholas Johnson
  12. Thomas Warner
  13. Anthony Cage
  14. John Jones
  15. William Willes
  16. John Brooke
  17. Cutbert White
  18. John Bright
  19. Clement Tayler
  20. William Sole
  21. John Cotsmur
  22. Humfrey Newton
  23. Thomas Colman
  24. Thomas Gramme
  25. Marke Bennet
  26. John Gibbes
  27. John Stilman
  28. Robert Wilkinson
  29. John Tydway
  30. Ambrose Viccars
  31. Edmond English
  32. Thomas Topan
  33. Henry Berry
  34. Richard Berry
  35. John Spendlove
  36. John Hemmington
  37. Thomas Butler
  38. Edward Powell
  39. John Burden
  40. James Hynde
  41. Thomas Ellis
  42. William Browne
  43. Michael Myllet
  44. Thomas Smith[c]
  45. Richard Kemme
  46. Thomas Harris[d]
  47. Richard Taverner
  48. John Earnest
  49. Henry Johnson
  50. John Starte
  51. Richard Darige
  52. William Lucas
  53. Arnold Archard
  54. John Wright
  55. William Dutton
  56. Mauris Allen
  57. William Waters
  58. Richard Arthur
  59. John Chapman
  60. William Clement
  61. Robert Little
  62. Hugh Tayler
  63. Richard Wildye
  64. Lewes Wotton
  65. Michael Bishop
  66. Henry Browne
  67. Henry Rufoote
  68. Richard Tomkins
  69. Henry Dorrell
  70. Charles Florrie
  71. Henry Mylton
  72. Henry Paine
  73. Thomas Harris[d]
  74. William Nichols
  75. Thomas Phevens
  76. John Borden
  77. Thomas Scot
  78. Peter Little
  79. John Wyles
  80. Brian Wyles
  81. George Martyn
  82. Hugh Pattenson
  83. Martin Sutton
  84. John Farre
  85. John Bridger
  86. Griffen Jones
  87. Richard Shabedge
  88. James Lasie
  89. John Cheven
  90. Thomas Hewet
  91. William Berde

Women

  1. Eleanor Dare
  2. Margery Harvie
  3. Agnes Wood
  4. Wenefrid Powell
  5. Joyce Archard
  6. Jane Jones
  7. Elizabeth Glane
  8. Jane Pierce
  9. Audry Tappan
  10. Alis Chapman
  11. Emme Merrimoth
  12. Colman[e]
  13. Margaret Lawrence
  14. Joan Warren
  15. Jane Mannering
  16. Rose Payne
  17. Elizabeth Viccars

Children

  1. John Sampson
  2. Robert Ellis
  3. Ambrose Viccars
  4. Thomas Archard
  5. Thomas Humfrey
  6. Thomas Smart
  7. George How
  8. John Prat
  9. William Wythers

Children born at the colony

  1. Virginia Dare
  2. Harvie[e]

Native American repatriates

  1. Manteo
  2. Towaye

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Returned to England in 1587.
  2. ^ Killed at Roanoke[4]: 363 
  3. ^ John White reported that a man with this name was killed en route back to England.[4]: 371 
  4. ^ a b Name appears twice, possibly in error[8]: 206 
  5. ^ a b No first name recorded

References

  1. ^ Anon. (1600). "The names of those as well Gentlemen as others, that remained one whole yeere in Virginia, vnder the Gouernement of Master Ralph Lane.". In Hakluyt, Richard; Goldsmid, Edmund (eds.). The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation. Vol. XIII: America. Part II. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid (published 1889). pp. 299–300. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  2. ^ a b Horn, James (2010). A Kingdom Strange: The Brief and Tragic History of the Lost Colony of Roanoke. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00485-0.
  3. ^ a b c Quinn, David Beers, ed. (1955). The Roanoke Voyages, 1584–1590: Documents to illustrate the English Voyages to North America under the Patent granted to Walter Raleigh in 1584. Farnham: Ashgate (published 2010). ISBN 978-1-4094-1709-5.
  4. ^ a b c White, John (1600). "The fourth voyage made to Virginia with three ships, in yere 1587. Wherein was transported the second Colonie.". In Hakluyt, Richard; Goldsmid, Edmund (eds.). The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation. Vol. XIII: America. Part II. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid (published 1889). pp. 358–371. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  5. ^ White, John (1600). "The fourth voyage made to Virginia with three ships, in yere 1587. Wherein was transported the second Colonie.". In Hakluyt, Richard; Goldsmid, Edmund (eds.). The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation. Vol. XIII: America. Part II. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid (published 1889). pp. 375–388. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  6. ^ Fullam, Brandon (2017). The Lost Colony of Roanoke: New Perspectives. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4766-6786-7.
  7. ^ Anon. (1600). "The names of all the men, women and children, which safely arriued in Virginia, and remained to inhabite there. 1587. Anno regni Reginæ Elizabethæ. 29.". In Hakluyt, Richard; Goldsmid, Edmund (eds.). The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation. Vol. XIII: America. Part II. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid (published 1889). pp. 371–373. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  8. ^ a b Powell, William S. (April 1957). "Roanoke Colonists and Explorers: An Attempt at Identification". The North Carolina Historical Review. 34 (2). North Carolina Office of Archives and History: 202–226. JSTOR 23516851.
  9. ^ Gabriel-Powell, Andy (2016). Richard Grenville and the Lost Colony of Roanoke. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-1-4766-6571-9.
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