Arbutoideae

Arbutoideae
	Arbutus menziesii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Ericaceae
Subfamily:	Arbutoideae; Nied.
Type genus
	Arbutus;
Genera
	Arbutus; Arctostaphylos; Arctous; Comarostaphylis; Ornithostaphylos; Xylococcus;

The Arbutoideae are a subfamily in the plant family Ericaceae. Phylogenetic analysis supported all genera of the subfamily as monophyletic, except Arbutus.^[1] Moreover, it was suggested that the non-sister relationship between Mediterranean and North American species may be explained by a once widespread distribution in the Northern hemisphere before the Neogene.^[1]

The genera Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Comarostaphylis form a particular type of mycorrhizal symbiosis with the fungus, Arbutoid mycorrhiza, which resembles ectomycorrhizas.^[2]^[3]

Genera List

Image	Genus	Living Species
	Arbutus L.	Arbutus andrachne – Greek strawberry tree Arbutus canariensis – Canary madrone Arbutus pavarii Arbutus unedo – Strawberry tree Arbutus arizonica – Arizona madrone Arbutus bicolor Arbutus madrensis Arbutus menziesii – Pacific madrone Arbutus mollis Arbutus occidentalis Arbutus tessellata Arbutus xalapensis – Texas madrone
	Arctostaphylos Adans.	Subgenus Micrococcus Sect. Micrococcus Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis Pygmy manzanita Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Ione manzanita Arctostaphylos nissenana Nissenan manzanita Arctostaphylos nummularia Glossyleaf manzanita Subgenus Arctostaphylos, which has 3 sections: Sect. Arctostaphylos Arctostaphylos alpina Alpine bearberry Arctostaphylos bakeri Baker's manzanita Arctostaphylos densiflora Sonoma manzanita Arctostaphylos edmundsii Little Sur manzanita Arctostaphylos franciscana Franciscan manzanita Arctostaphylos gabrielensis San Gabriel manzanita Arctostaphylos glauca Bigberry manzanita Arctostaphylos hispidula Gasquet manzanita Arctostaphylos hookeri Hooker's manzanita Arctostaphylos insularis Island manzanita Arctostaphylos klamathensis Klamath manzanita Arctostaphylos manzanita Common manzanita Arctostaphylos mewukka Indian manzanita Arctostaphylos nevadensis Pinemat manzanita Arctostaphylos parryana Parry manzanita Arctostaphylos patula Greenleaf manzanita Arctostaphylos pumila Sandmat manzanita Arctostaphylos pungens Pointleaf manzanita Arctostaphylos rudis Shagbark manzanita Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Stanford's manzanita Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry Arctostaphylos viscida Sticky manzanita Sect. Foliobracteata Arctostaphylos andersonii Santa Cruz manzanita Arctostaphylos auriculata Mount Diablo manzanita Arctostaphylos canescens Hoary manzanita Arctostaphylos catalinae Santa Catalina Island manzanita Arctostaphylos columbiana Hairy manzanita Arctostaphylos confertiflora Santa Rosa Island manzanita Arctostaphylos cruzensis La Cruz manzanita Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastwood manzanita Arctostaphylos glutinosa Schreiber's manzanita Arctostaphylos hooveri Hoover's manzanita Arctostaphylos imbricata San Bruno Mountain manzanita Arctostaphylos luciana Santa Lucia manzanita Arctostaphylos malloryi Mallory's manzanita Arctostaphylos montaraensis Montara manzanita Arctostaphylos montereyensis Monterey manzanita Arctostaphylos morroensis Morro manzanita Arctostaphylos nortensis Del Norte manzanita Arctostaphylos obispoensis Serpentine manzanita Arctostaphylos osoensis Oso manzanita Arctostaphylos otayensis Otay manzanita Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Pajaro manzanita Arctostaphylos pallida Pallid manzanita Arctostaphylos pechoensis Pecho manzanita Arctostaphylos pilosula La Panzo manzanita Arctostaphylos purissima La Purissima manzanita Arctostaphylos refugioensis Refugio manzanita Arctostaphylos regismontana Kings Mountain manzanita Arctostaphylos silvicola Bonny Doon manzanita Arctostaphylos tomentosa Woolyleaf manzanita Arctostaphylos virgata Bolinas manzanita Arctostaphylos viridissima Whitehair manzanita Arctostaphylos wellsii Wells' manzanita Sect. Pictobracteata Arctostaphylos pringlei Pringle manzanita Unassigned Arctostaphylos rainbowensis Rainbow manzanita Arctostaphylos gabilanensis Gabilan manzanita Arctostaphylos ohloneana Ohlone manzanita
	Arctous (A.Gray) Nied.	Arctous alpina (L.) Nied. Arctous microphyllus C.Y.Wu Arctous ruber (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Nakai
	Comarostaphylis Zucc.	Comarostaphylis arbutoides Comarostaphylis discolor Comarostaphylis diversifolia Comarostaphylis glaucescens Comarostaphylis lanata Comarostaphylis longifolia Comarostaphylis mucronata Comarostaphylis polifolia Comarostaphylis sharpii Comarostaphylis spinulosa
	Ornithostaphylos Small	Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia, the Baja birdbush
	Xylococcus Nutt.	Xylococcus bicolor, the mission manzanita

References

^ ^a ^b Hileman LC, Vasey MC, Parker VT (2001). "Phylogeny and biogeography of the Arbutoideae (Ericaceae): implications for the Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis". Systematic Botany. 26 (1): 131–143. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-26.1.131 (inactive 1 August 2023).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)
^ Osmundsen TW, Halling RE, den Bakker HC (2007). "Morphological and molecular evidence supporting an arbutoid mycorrhizal relationship in the Costa Rican páramo". Fungal Diversity. 17 (3): 217–222. Bibcode:2007Mycor..17..217O. doi:10.1007/s00572-006-0098-x. PMID 17216498. S2CID 19084561.
^ Smith SE, Read D (2008). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (3rd ed.). Amsterdam; Boston: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-370526-6.

External links

Data related to Arbutoideae at Wikispecies
Arbutoideae in the Flora of North America

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[Hileman2007-1] Hileman LC, Vasey MC, Parker VT (2001). "Phylogeny and biogeography of the Arbutoideae (Ericaceae): implications for the Madrean–Tethyan hypothesis". Systematic Botany. 26 (1): 131–143. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-26.1.131 (inactive 1 August 2023).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)

[Osmundsen2007-2] Osmundsen TW, Halling RE, den Bakker HC (2007). "Morphological and molecular evidence supporting an arbutoid mycorrhizal relationship in the Costa Rican páramo". Fungal Diversity. 17 (3): 217–222. Bibcode:2007Mycor..17..217O. doi:10.1007/s00572-006-0098-x. PMID 17216498. S2CID 19084561.

[SmithRead2008-3] Smith SE, Read D (2008). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (3rd ed.). Amsterdam; Boston: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-370526-6.

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