HLA-A31
HLA-A31 | ||||||||||||||||
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(MHC Class I, A cell surface antigen) | ||||||||||||||||
About | ||||||||||||||||
Protein | transmembrane receptor/ligand | |||||||||||||||
Structure | αβ heterodimer | |||||||||||||||
Subunits | HLA-A*3101, β2-microglobulin | |||||||||||||||
Older names | A19 | |||||||||||||||
Subtypes | ||||||||||||||||
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Rare alleles | ||||||||||||||||
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Alleles link-out to IMGT/HLA database at EBI |
HLA-A31 (A31) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α31 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A31, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus.[1] This group currently is dominated by A*3101. A31 and A*31 are almost synonymous in meaning. A31 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A31 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A32, A33, and A74.
A31 is more common in South and Central America.
Serotype
A*31 | A31 | A19 | A30 | Sample |
allele | % | % | % | size (N) |
*3101 | 90 | 1 | 3 | 3517 |
*3102 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
There is substantive false reaction of A30 with A*3101, otherwise serological identification is good.
Distribution
Study population | Freq. (in %)[3] |
---|---|
USA New Mexico Canoncito … | 26.8 |
Argentina Chiriguanos | 26.4 |
Argentina Salta Wichis | 23.7 |
India Tamil Nadu Nadar | 18.9 |
Mexico Michoacan Tarasco | 18.4 |
Brazil Terena | 18.3 |
USA South Dakota Lakota S… | 18.1 |
Mexico Sonora Seri | 15.2 |
Japan Hyogo | 14.1 |
Colombia Mestizos | 13.3 |
India Andhra Pradesh Goll… | 13.1 |
Mexico Teenek Huasteca Re… | 12.1 |
Japan Ainu Hokkaido | 12.0 |
Guatemala Mayans | 10.9 |
Brazil Parana Oriental | 10.6 |
Mexico Chihuahua State Ta… | 10.2 |
Peru Lamas City Lama | 10.2 |
Russia Tuva (2) | 9.8 |
China Tibetan | 9.2 |
Saudi Arabia Guraiat and … | 8.7 |
India Kerala Hindu Ezhava | 8.3 |
Mexico Guadalajara Mestiz… | 8.3 |
Japan Okinawa Ryukyuan | 8.1 |
USA North American Native… | 7.8 |
Japan Aichi | 7.6 |
USA Arizona Pima | 7.6 |
Mongolia Buriat | 7.5 |
China North Han | 7.1 |
Japan Central | 7.1 |
Mongolia Khalha | 7.0 |
South Africa Natal Tamil | 7.0 |
Mexico Zaptotec Oaxaca | 6.7 |
Mongolia Khoton Tarialan | 6.5 |
India Khandesh Pawra | 6.0 |
Mongolia Oold | 5.8 |
Saudi Arabia | 5.7 |
China Inner Mongolia | 5.4 |
South Korea | 5.4 |
Papua New Guinea Madang | 5.1 |
Finland | 5.0 |
Chuvash | 4.9 |
USA Hispanic | 4.9 |
France South East | 4.7 |
Sakhalin Island Nivkhi | 4.7 |
Pakistan Sindhi | 4.4 |
Belgium | 4.2 |
Pakistan Kalash | 4.2 |
Portugal South | 4.1 |
Brazil | 4.0 |
India Jalpaiguri Toto | 3.8 |
Spain North Cabuernigo | 3.8 |
Sweden Uppsala County | 3.8 |
China Beijing | 3.7 |
German Essen | 3.6 |
Sri Lanka Colombo Sinhale… | 3.5 |
Zambia Lusaka | 3.5 |
Spain Catalonia Girona | 3.4 |
Sweden Stockholm | 3.4 |
Algeria1 | 3.0 |
Croatia | 3.0 |
India New Delhi | 3.0 |
Papua New Guinea Karimui … | 3.0 |
Spain Basque Gipuzkoa Pro… | 3.0 |
Sudanese | 3.0 |
Wales | 3.0 |
England Sheffield | 2.8 |
China South Han | 2.8 |
Czech Republic | 2.8 |
Thailand | 2.8 |
USA San Antonio Caucasian… | 2.7 |
Italy Bergamo | 2.7 |
Brazil Belo Horizonte | 2.6 |
Ireland Northern | 2.6 |
England Liverpool | 2.6 |
China Yunnan Nu | 2.5 |
Italy | 2.5 |
Oman | 2.5 |
Scotland Orkney | 2.5 |
Uganda Kampala | 2.5 |
England Newcastle | 2.4 |
Mexico Mestizos | 2.4 |
New Caledonia | 2.4 |
Romanian | 2.3 |
Iran Baloch | 2.2 |
Ireland South | 2.2 |
Morocco 'Berber' Nador Me… | 2.1 |
Serbia | 2.1 |
Burkina Faso Fulani | 2.0 |
Georgia Svaneti Svans | 1.9 |
Russia Northwest | 1.8 |
Bulgaria | 1.8 |
Georgia Tibilisi Kurds | 1.7 |
Jordan Amman | 1.7 |
Greece North | 1.6 |
Tunisia | 1.5 |
Thailand Northeast | 1.4 |
Spain Basque Arratia Vall… | 1.3 |
USA African Americans | 1.3 |
Israel Gaza Palestinians | 1.2 |
Allele frequencies presented, only |
Haplotypes
freq | ||
ref. | Population | (%) |
A31-B35 (A*310102:Cw*0401:B*3501) | ||
Lakota Sioux (USA) | 4.1 | |
Indig American (USA) | 3.7 | |
Mestizo (Guad. Mexico) | 1.5[4] | |
Tibetan | 1.1 | |
Jews (England) | 1.3 | |
Tibetan | 1.1 | |
Italian | 0.6 | |
Japanese | 0.5 | |
French | 0.5 | |
Choushan (China) | 0.4 | |
German | 0.3 | |
A31-B39 (A*310102:Cw*0701:B*3901) | ||
Mixtec (Oax. Mexico) | 10.0 | |
Lakota Sioux (USA) | 1.6 | |
Japanese | 0.3 | |
German | 0.1 | |
A31-B48 (A*310102:B*4801) | ||
Orochon (Russia) | 6.0 | |
Maya (Guatemala) | 3.5 | |
Buriat | 3.4 | |
Japanese | 0.3 | |
A31-B51 (A*310102:B*5101) | ||
Ainu (Hokkaido Japan) | 8.9 | |
Indig. Brazil | 5.8 | |
Orochon (Russia) | 5.3 | |
Indig American (USA) | 4.3 | |
Tibetan | 3.3 | |
Inner Mongolian | 3.0 | |
Japanese | 3.0 | |
Portuguese | 1.6 | |
Korean | 1.2 | |
Italian | 0.9 | |
French | 0.5 | |
German | 0.3 | |
Choushan (China) | 0.2 | |
(A*310102:B*5102) | ||
Tarahumura (Mexico) | 5.7 | |
Vietnamese | 1.0 | |
A31-B60 (A*310102:Cw*0304:B*4001) | ||
Lusaka (Zambia) | 2.3 | |
Yakuts (Russia) | 2.0 | |
Irish | 0.7 | |
Choushan (China) | 0.7 | |
Japan | 0.6 | |
Dutch | 0.6 | |
German | 0.4 | |
A31-B62 (A*310102:B*1501) | ||
Nivkhi (Sakalin, Russia) | 12.5 | |
Yakut(Russia) | 5.5 | |
Indig. Brazil | 4.1 | |
Manchu | 1.1 | |
Japan | 0.4 | |
German | 0.2 | |
Choushan (China) | 0.2 |
Examination of A31 haplotypes reveals a probable connection across northern Eurasia during the prehistoric period. Frequencies of the more 'tale-tell' haplotypes (A31-B60, B61, and B62) fall from NE to SW Europe. Other haplotypes appears to have spread from the Middle East (A31-B51 and A31-B35).
References
- ^ Arce-Gomez B, Jones EA, Barnstable CJ, Solomon E, Bodmer WF (February 1978). "The genetic control of HLA-A and B antigens in somatic cell hybrids: requirement for beta2 microglobulin". Tissue Antigens. 11 (2): 96–112. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1978.tb01233.x. PMID 77067.
- ^ Allele Query Form IMGT/HLA - European Bioinformatics Institute
- ^ Middleton, D.; Menchaca, L.; Rood, H.; Komerofsky, R. (2003). "New allele frequency database: http://www.allelefrequencies.net". Tissue Antigens. 61 (5): 403–407. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00062.x. PMID 12753660.
- ^ B*3512