List of state leaders in 1654

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1654.

Africa

• Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
• Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)

Asia

• Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Prasat Thong (1629–1656)
• China
  • Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
  • Southern Ming – Prince of Gui (1646–1662)
• Kingdom of Coorg - Muddu Raja I (1633-1687)
• Empire of Japan –
  • Monarch – Go-Kōmyō (1643–1654)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651–1680)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitsu (1648–1668)
• Joseon (Korea) – Hyojong (1649–1659)
• Mughal Empire – Shah Jahan (1627–1658)

Europe

• Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Frederick III (1648–1670)
• Kingdom of England – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth (1653–1658)
• Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
• Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
  • Duchy of Bremen –
    1. Christina, Queen of Sweden (House of Vasa) (1648–1654)
    2. Charles X Gustav of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken) (1654–1660)
  • Principality of Verden –
    1. Christina, Queen of Sweden (House of Vasa) (1648–1654)
    2. Charles X Gustav of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken) (1654–1660)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
• Duchy of Parma – Ranuccio II (1646–1694)
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1648–1668)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – John IV (1640–1656)
• Tsardom of Russia – Alexis I (1645–1676)
• Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
• Kingdom of Spain – Philip IV (1621–1665)
• Kingdom of Sweden –
  1. Christina (1632–1654)
  2. Charles X Gustav (1654–1660)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici (1621–1670)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan de Witt (1653–1672)

Middle East and North Africa

• Baban – Faqi Ahmad (1649–1670)
• Sultanate of Oman – Sultan I bin Saif (1649–1688)
• Mecca – Zeid bin Muhsin, Sharif of Mecca (1631–1666)
• Sultanate of Morocco – Mohammed esh Sheikh es Seghir, Sultan (1636–1655)
• Persia – Abbas II, Shah of Persia (1642–1666)
• Yemen – Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il, Imam of Yemen (1644–1676)