Reduct

In universal algebra and in model theory, a reduct of an algebraic structure is obtained by omitting some of the operations and relations of that structure. The converse of "reduct" is "expansion."

Definition

Let A be an algebraic structure (in the sense of universal algebra) or equivalently a structure in the sense of model theory, organized as a set X together with an indexed family of operations and relations φ_i on that set, with index set I. Then the reduct of A defined by a subset J of I is the structure consisting of the set X and J-indexed family of operations and relations whose j-th operation or relation for j∈J is the j-th operation or relation of A. That is, this reduct is the structure A with the omission of those operations and relations φ_i for which i is not in J.

A structure A is an expansion of B just when B is a reduct of A. That is, reduct and expansion are mutual converses.

Examples

The monoid (Z, +, 0) of integers under addition is a reduct of the group (Z, +, −, 0) of integers under addition and negation, obtained by omitting negation. By contrast, the monoid (N,+,0) of natural numbers under addition is not the reduct of any group.

Conversely the group (Z, +, −, 0) is the expansion of the monoid (Z, +, 0), expanding it with the operation of negation.

References

Burris, Stanley N.; H. P. Sankappanavar (1981). A Course in Universal Algebra. Springer. ISBN 3-540-90578-2.
Hodges, Wilfrid (1993). Model theory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-30442-3.