Osborne Perry Anderson
Osborne Perry Anderson (1830–1872) was an African-American abolitionist and the only surviving African-American member of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, and later a soldier in the Union army of the American Civil War.[1]
Early life
In 1830 Anderson was born a free African American in Chester County, Pennsylvania. He completed basic schooling and later attended Oberlin College in Ohio, after which he moved to Chatham in Canada West (now Ontario) in 1850 and opened shop as a printer. This skill served him later as an abolitionist.
John Brown and the raid on Harpers Ferry
In May 1858 Anderson met John Brown and learned of the revolution that he was planning at a meeting in Chatham.[2] Because of his writing skills Anderson was appointed as the recording secretary at several of the meetings and was eventually promoted to a member of Brown’s provisional congress.[3]
During the raid, Col. Lewis Washington, great grand-nephew of George Washington, was taken hostage by the raiders, and surrendered to Anderson Frederick the Great's sword and pistols presented by General Lafayette to General Washington. John Brown later brandished the sword while commanding his men at Harpers Ferry.[4]
During the raid on Harpers Ferry Anderson was stationed with Albert Hazlett, and once it became apparent to them that the raid was a failure they both retreated to Pennsylvania. Hazlett was later captured and hanged.[5]
A Voice From Harper's Ferry and later life
"Of the slaves who followed us to the Ferry, some were sent to help remove stores, and the others were drawn up in a circle around the engine-house, at one time, where they were, by Captain Brown's order, furnished by me with pikes, mostly, and acted as a guard to the prisoners to prevent their escape, which they did. As in the war of the American Revolution, the first blood shed was a black man's, Crispus Attuck's, so at Harpers Ferry, the first blood shed by our party, after the arrival of the United States troops, was that of a slave. In the beginning of the encounter, and before the troops had fairly emerged from the bridge, a slave was shot. I saw him fall. Phil, the slave who died in prison, with fear, as it was reported, was wounded at the Ferry, and died from the effects of it… The first report of the number of 'insurrectionists' killed was seventeen, which showed that several slaves were killed; for there were only ten of the men that belonged to the Kennedy Farm who lost their lives at the Ferry, namely: John Henri Kagi, Jerry Anderson, Watson Brown, Oliver Brown, Stewart Taylor, Adolphus Thompson, William Thompson, William Leeman, all eight whites, and Dangerfield Newby and Sherrard Lewis Leary, both colored. The rest reported dead, according to their own showing, were colored."
A Voice From Harper's Ferry.[6]
After the failed raid, Anderson went on to write an account of the events, titled A Voice From Harper’s Ferry. The book describes the conditions that were present at the Harpers Ferry raid, including the training, the supplies that were available, and the events that led up to and followed the raid. In it, he claims he was the only surviving person who was with Brown during the entire raid.
Though Anderson did not name the friends who aided his escape in his account, later analysis concluded that William C. Goodridge, a conductor on the Underground Railroad, hid him in York, Pennsylvania, then sent him by rail to Philadelphia. Anderson proceeded from there to Canada. [7]
Upon the start of the Civil War Anderson became a noncommissioned officer of the Union Army. He died in Washington D.C. in 1872.[8] He was interred at Columbian Harmony Cemetery.[9]
References
- ^ Alkalimat, Abdul (2004). The African American Experience in Cyberspace. Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-2222-0.
- ^ Calarco, Tom. People of the Underground Railroad: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. p255
- ^ Alkalimat, Abdul (2004). The African American Experience in Cyberspace. Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-2222-0.
- ^ Russo, Peggy A., Paul Finkelman, and Geffert Hannah. "Local Involvement in the Raid on Harpers Ferry." Terrible swift sword: the legacy of John Brown. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2005. 41. Print.
- ^ Info on Anderson from Chatham-Kent Black Historical Society website
- ^ Anderson, Osborne Perry (1861). . p. 60 – via Wikisource.
- ^ Explore PA History: William C. Goodridge Historical Marker accessed 4-11-2017
- ^ eBlack Studies
- ^ Meyer, Eugene L. "At Cemetery, a John Brown Raider Is Remembered." Washington Post. November 16, 2000.
External links
- Works by or about Osborne Perry Anderson at the Internet Archive
- Works by Osborne Perry Anderson at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
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