Taiwanese Hangul
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2019) |
Taiwanese Hangul | |
---|---|
![]() Chinese characters "臺語諺文" written in Taiwanese Hangul | |
Script type | |
Creator | Xu Caode (first propose) |
Time period | since 1987 |
Languages | Taiwanese Hokkien |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Hangul
|
Part of a series on |
Written Hokkien |
---|
![]() |
Mixed script (Hàn-lô) |
Taiwanese Hangul (Hangul: 대끼깐뿐; Chinese: 臺語諺文; pinyin: Táiyǔ Yànwén; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-gí Gān-bûn) is an orthography system for Taiwanese Hokkien (Taiwanese). Developed and promoted by Taiwanese linguist Xu Caode in 1987, it uses a modified Hangul alphabets to represent spoken Taiwanese, and was later supported by Ang Ui-jin.[1][2] Because both Chinese characters and Hangul are both written in the space of square boxes, unlike letters of the Latin alphabet, the use of Chinese-Hangul mixed writing is able to keep the spacing between the two scripts more consistent compared to Chinese-Latin mixed writing.
Letters
Initials
Bilabial | Alveolar | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | ||
Nasal | [[Bilabial nasal|ᄆ [m]]] ㄇ 毛 (mo͘ ) |
[[Alveolar nasal|ᄂ [n]]] ㄋ 耐 (nāi) |
[[Velar nasal| ㄸ [ŋ]]] ㄫ 雅 (ngá) |
|||||||
Stop | Unaspirated | [[Voiceless bilabial stop|ᄇ [p]]] ㄅ 邊 (pian) |
[[Voiced bilabial stop|ᄈ [b]]] ㆠ 文 (bûn) |
[[Voiceless alveolar stop|ᄃ [t]]] ㄉ 地 (tē) |
[[Voiceless velar stop|ᄀ [k]]] ㄍ 求 (kiû) |
[[Voiced velar stop|ᄁ [ɡ]]] ㆣ 語 (gí) |
||||
Aspirated | [[Voiceless bilabial stop|ᄑ [pʰ]]] ㄆ 波 (pho) |
[[Voiceless alveolar stop|ᄐ [tʰ]]] ㄊ 他 (thaⁿ) |
[[Voiceless velar stop|ᄏ [kʰ]]] ㄎ 去 (khì) |
|||||||
Affricate | Unaspirated | [[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ᄌ [ts]]] ㄗ 曾 (chan) |
[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ᄍ [dz]]] ㆡ 熱 (joa̍h) |
[[Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|ᄌ [tɕ]]] ㄐ 尖 (chiam) |
[[Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|ᄍ [dʑ]]] ㆢ 入 (ji̍p) |
|||||
Aspirated | [[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ᄎ [tsʰ]]] ㄘ 出 (chhut) |
[[Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|ᄎ [tɕʰ]]] ㄑ 手 (chhiú) |
||||||||
Fricative | [[Voiceless alveolar fricative#Voiceless alveolar sibilant|ㅅ [s]]] ㄙ 衫 (saⁿ) |
[[Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|ㅅ [ɕ]]] ㄒ 寫 (siá) |
[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ᄒ [h]]] ㄏ 喜 (hí) | |||||||
Lateral | [[Alveolar lateral approximant|ᄅ [l]]] ㄌ 柳 (liú) |
Vowels
|
|
Coda endings
|
|
Tone markings
No. | Hangul | Chinese tone name | Example |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ᄋ | 陰平 (yinping) dark level |
kha 跤 foot; leg |
2 | ᄅ | 上聲 (sióng-siaⁿ) rising |
chúi 水 water |
3 | ᄂ | 陰去 (yinqu) dark departing |
kàu arrive |
4 | ᄋ | 陰入 (yinru) dark entering |
bah meat |
5 | ᄉ | 陽平 (yangping) light level |
ông 王 king |
7 | ᄀ | 陽去 (yangqu) light departing |
tiōng 重 heavy |
8 | ᄇ | 陽入 (yangru) light entering |
joa̍h 熱 hot |
Different use of Hangul between Taiwanese and Korean
Taiwanese Hokkien | Korean | |
---|---|---|
ㅃ/ㄲ/ㅉ | /b/, /g/, /ʣ/, /ʥ/ | /p͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/ |
ᄌ/ᄎ/ᄍ | ||
ㄸ | /ŋ/ | /t͈/ |
ㅎ | /ʔ/ | /t̚/ |
ㅅ | /t̚/ | |
ㅆ | /s͈/, /t̚/ | |
ᅥ | /o/ or /ə/ | /ʌ/ |
ᅩ | /ɔ/ | /o/ |
ㅐ | /ai/ | /ɛ/ |
알 | /au/ | /al/ |
ㅡ | /ɯ/ | |
ㅢ | 읨/m̩ʔ/, 읭/ŋ̍ʔ/ | /ɰi/, /i/, /ɛ/ |
Examples
Taiwanese Hangul | Pe̍h-ōe-jī | ||
---|---|---|---|
Chinese characters | 關係行善的教訓
恁著謹慎,毋通為著欲予儂看,故意蹛儂的面前顯示恁的善行; |
||
Chinese-Hangul mixed writing |
關係行善에教訓
린뎧謹慎,음탕為뎧뼇호儂看,故意돠儂에面前顯示린에善行; |
Chinese-Latin mixed writing |
關係行善ê教訓
Lín tio̍h謹慎,m̄-thang為tio̍h boeh hō͘儂看,故意toà儂ê面前顯示lín ê善行; |
Hangul | 관헤 형센 에 갈훈
린 뎧 긴신,음탕 위뎧 뼇 호 랑 쾃,고이 돠 랑 에 삔졍 헨시 린 에 센형; |
Romanization | Koan-he Hêng-siān ê Kàu-hùn
Lín tio̍h kín-sīn, m̄-thang ūi-tio̍h boeh hō͘ lâng khoàⁿ, kò-ì toà lâng ê bīn-chêng hián-sī lín ê siān-hêng. |