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Adriana Hoffmann

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Adriana Hoffmann
Born
Adriana Elisabeth Hoffmann

1940 (age 83–84)
Santiago, Chile
NationalityChilean
Other namesAdriana Hoffmann Jacoby
Alma materUniversity of Chile
Known forDescribing 106 species of cactus
Scientific career
FieldsBotany, ecology
InstitutionsDefensores del Bosque Chileno
Author abbrev. (botany)A.E.Hoffm.

Adriana Elisabeth Hoffmann Jacoby (born 1940) is a Chilean botanist, environmentalist, and author. She was Chile's Environment Minister in 2000 and 2001. She has advocated for the sustainable management and protection of Chilean forests, leading opposition to illegal logging in her role as coordinator of Defensores del Bosque Chileno (Defenders of the Chilean Forest) since 1992.

Hoffmann has authored over a dozen books on the flora of Chile and has identified and classified 106 new species of cactus.[1]

Early life and career

Adriana Hoffmann was born in Santiago to Lola (née Jacoby) and Franz Hoffmann in 1940.[2] She grew up in Providencia and attended Liceo Manuel de Salas. She was accepted at the University of Chile where she initially studied agronomy. She joined her mother when she traveled to Germany to study psychiatric techniques and there Adriana changed her focus to biology and specialized in botany and ecology. After she finished her studies, she returned to Chile and married engineer Hernán Calderón. They lived abroad for a time until returning to Chile in the 1970s.[3]

Through her career, Hoffmann traveled throughout Chile, documenting flora and describing species. By April 2008, she had identified and classified 106 new species of Cactaceae.[1][4]

In 1992, Hoffmann became coordinator of the non-profit organization Defensores del Bosque Chileno, Chile's largest forest protection group.[5] She formed Agrupación de Defensores del Bosque Nativo in 1994, a group whose founding members included well-known singers and poets as well as economist Manfred Max Neef and Bishop Bernardino Piñera.[6] By the mid-1990s, Hoffmann was recognized as one of Chile's premier environmental activists.[7]

Hoffmann has served on the board of the Lahuen Foundation, a forest preservation organization that established El Cañi Sanctuary.[8][9] She also played a leading role in the Chilean Science Society, Biology Society of Chile, Earth Foundation, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and the Association of Chilean Female Leaders.[9] Hoffmann's efforts with Defensores del Bosque included developing environmental education programs for teachers.[10]

Hoffmann was appointed by President Ricardo Lagos to serve as Executive Secretary of the National Commission of the Environment (Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente; CONAMA) in March 2000. During her tenure she oversaw the creation of the national hiking trail network Sendero de Chile, improved the System of Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA), and worked to implement environmental education programs and improve air quality in Santiago.[11] During her tenure she encountered criticism from business interests for her environmentalist stances and from environmental groups for her perceived lack of influence within the administration.[12] Following the controversial approval of petcoke for gas-fired generators over her objections,[13] Hoffmann resigned in October 2001, stating that she no longer felt she was supported by Lagos or the Ministers.[5] She returned to work with Defensores del Bosque and prepared for her eventual retirement to a beach home in Cachagua.[3]

Environmental advocacy

During Pinochet's dictatorship, the government gave multinational timber firms unfettered access to Chilean forests and little incentive to process the lumber in-country.[14] Hoffmann has noted that the rapidly disappearing private native forests are mostly wasted through exports of wood chips.[15] In a 1995 article she remarked: "We've seen with our own eyes how [timber companies] take immense trees and shred the whole thing, branches and all."[14] Beginning with her involvement with Defensores del Bosque, Hoffmann agitated for the reform of Chilean forestry practices. She has been a vocal advocate for sustainable forest management in the country, arguing that ecotourism and value-added products like furniture lead to greater long-term revenue.[15]

Hoffmann wrote columns about ecology for El Mercurio in the 1990s[16] and opposed free trade agreements that would replace native forests with commercial tree plantations.[17] She has criticized the Chilean government for not adopting a forestry policy.[17]

Hoffmann befriended American businessman and preservationist Douglas Tompkins, who provided funding for Defensores del Bosque. She defended his efforts to establish a 1200-acre nature reserve in the Chilean Lake District. The New York Times reported that she said: "If this investment were anywhere else but Chile, Mr. Tompkins would be considered a hero. But it happened in Chile, where envy and jealousy and business interests are institutions."[18]

Awards and honors

Hoffmann was recognized by the United Nations in 1997 as one of the 25 leading environmentalists of the decade for her efforts to protect Chile's forests.[3][19] In 1999 she won the National Environmental Prize in the category of Environmental Education, awarded by CONAMA. For her research into Chilean flora and her work in environmental education, Hoffmann received the Luis Oyarzún Award from the Austral University of Chile in 2003.[5] She received a Fellow Award from the Cactus and Succulent Society of America in 2009.[20]

Hoffmann has also served on the judging panel for the United Nations Environment Programme's Sasakawa Prize.[21]

Works

The standard author abbreviation A.E.Hoffm. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[22]

Hoffmann has authored more than a dozen books and illustrated field guides on the flora, medicinal plants and botanical resources of Chile.[23] Among her works is La Tragedia del Bosque Chileno, which includes text and photographs that document illegal logging in Chilean forests.[24]

Papers
  • Hoffmann, Adriana; Kummerow, Jochen (1978). "Root Studies in the Chilean Matorral". Oecologia. 32 (1): 57–69. doi:10.1007/bf00344689. JSTOR 4215552.
Books
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana (1978). Flora silvestre de Chile / zona central : una guía para la identificación de las especies vegetales más frecuentes. Santiago: Fundación Claudio Gay. OCLC 503242201.
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana E. (1982). Flora silvestre de Chile / zona austral : Una guía ilustrada para la identificación de las especies de plantas leñosas del sur de Chile. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Fundacion Claudio Gay. OCLC 715468373. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann, Adriana; Farga, Christina; Lastra, Jorge (1988). Plantas medicinales de uso comun en Chile T. 1. Santiago, Chile: Paesmi. OCLC 831403901. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana E.; Jullían, Andrés (1989). Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile : una guía para la identificación de los cactos que crecen en el país. Santiaga de Chile: Ed. Fundacion Claudio Gay. OCLC 716491772. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana; Mendoza, Marcelo (1990). De cómo Margarita Flores puede cuidar su salud y ayudar a salvar el planeta. Santiago: Casa de Paz. OCLC 31970038. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana (1992). Vegetación y flora de la alta cordillera de Santiago. Santiago: Cía. Minera La Disputada de Las Condes. OCLC 55302269. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana; Sierra, Malú; Donoso, Magdalena (1997). Ecología e historia natural de la zona central de Chile. Santiago: Defensores del Bosque Chileno. ISBN 9789567721016. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana (1998). Plantas Altoandinas en la flora silvestre de Chile. Santiago: Ed. Fundación Claudio Gay. ISBN 9789567743001. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana (1983). El árbol urbano en Chile. Ediciones Fundación Claudio Gay. OCLC 10967952. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana E. (1998). La Tragedia del Bosque Chileno. Santiago, Chile: Ocho Libros Editores. ISBN 9789567721108. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana (2000). Enciclopedia de los bosques chilenos : conservación, biodiversidad, sustentabilidad. Santiago, Chile: Defensores del Bosque Chileno. ISBN 9789567721238. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana (2001). Plantar, plantar, plantar : manual de reproducción y plantación de flora nativa chilena. Santiago de Chile: Defensores del bosque Chileno. ISBN 9789567721351. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Environment Encyclopedia and Directory 2010 (5th ed.). London: Routledge. 2009. p. 565. ISBN 978-1-85743-377-7.
  2. ^ Monsalve, Felipe, ed. (2013). "Adriana Hoffmann". Homeostasis: Un Continuo Movimiento de Adaptacion (in Spanish). Random House Mondadori. ISBN 9789562583923.
  3. ^ a b c Michelini, Pilar Navarrete (10 December 2013). "El retiro de Adriana Hoffmann". El Mercurio (in Spanish).
  4. ^ Wakild, Emily (February 2013). "Environmental Justice, Environmentalism, and Environmental History in Twentieth-Century Latin America". History Compass. 11 (2): 168. doi:10.1111/hic3.12027.
  5. ^ a b c "Con motivo de 49 Aniversario: Universidad Austral de Chile Entregará "Premio Luis Oyarzún" a Adriana Hoffmann" (in Spanish). Noticias UACh. 2 September 2003.
  6. ^ Clapp, Roger Alex (1998). "Waiting for the Forest Law: Resource-Led Development and Environmental Politics in Chile". Latin American Research Review. 33 (2): 24–25. JSTOR 2504061.(subscription required)
  7. ^ Ellison, Katherine (25 August 1995). "Pro-nature movement fights on despite foes and lack of funds". Knight-Ridder Newspapers. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Some experts go so far as to say that Chile's 'green' activism boils down to just one high-powered woman: biologist Adriana Hoffmann, 55, head of Defenders of the Chilean Forest.(subscription required)
  8. ^ "El Cañi Sanctuary". The Conservation Land Trust. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  9. ^ a b "Hoffmann, Adriana". The International Who's Who 2004 (67th ed.). London: Europa. 2003. p. 740. ISBN 978-1-85743-217-6. Adriana Hoffmann.
  10. ^ Moreira, Julio César (27 August 1999). "Profesores Aprenden a Proteger la Naturaleza". El Mercurio.
  11. ^ "Adriana Hoffmann renunció a la dirección de la Conama". Emol.com. 16 October 2001.
  12. ^ Checa, Laureano (18 April 2002). "Adriana Hoffmann dice que la lucha contra el cuoteo político fue mortal". El Mercurio (in Spanish).
  13. ^ "CONAMA Director Hoffmann Facing Severe Criticism". The Santiago Times. 4 October 2001. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  14. ^ a b Lowy, Maxine (1 November 1995). "Shredding Chile's Forests". Multinational Monitor.(subscription required)
  15. ^ a b Langman, James (1 September 1997). "Thinking Big". E Magazine.(subscription required)
  16. ^ Hanning, Sascha. "El legado ecológico de Adriana Hoffmann" (in Spanish). Ciudad Zen. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  17. ^ a b Leon, Hugo Godoy (9 May 2003). "Chile: Government Lacks Environmental Policy". Latinamerica Press.(subscription required)
  18. ^ Spooner, Mary Helen (2011). The General's Slow Retreat: Chile After Pinochet. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-520-26680-3.
  19. ^ Perera, Victor (16 March 1997). "He Saves the Rain Forest by Buying It". Los Angeles Times.
  20. ^ Staples, Chuck (25 June 2012). "CSSA Fellows". Cactus and Succulent Society of America. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013.
  21. ^ "A Renctas Na Mídia". Four of a Kind – Part 2. BBC. 15 May 2005. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014.
  22. ^ International Plant Names Index.  A.E.Hoffm.
  23. ^ Purto, Mauricio (26 July 2008). "El legado de Adriana Hoffmann". El Mercurio (in Spanish).
  24. ^ Aguirre, Andrés (28 August 1999). "Ecología". El Mercurio.
Preceded by Environment Minister of Chile
March 2000 – October 2001 		Succeeded by
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