Descendants of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile

Ferdinand II of Aragon's marriage to Isabella I of Castile produced many children, five of whom survived to adulthood. They arranged strategic political marriages for all of these children to powerful monarchs and well-connected women. In time, many of their grandchildren became emperors and kings of various countries, and their first and second generation of descendants caused the genealogical lines of Isabella I and Ferdinand II to spread throughout Europe.

Among the living descendants of Isabella I and Ferdinand II include all of the current European monarchs. The current line of Kings of Spain are descended from their union, with their current major dynastic heir being King Felipe VI of Spain, who reigns in their native territories. Also among their descendants are King Albert II of Belgium, Grand-Duke Henri of Luxembourg, Queen Elizabeth II of the U.K., Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, King Harald V of Norway, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. The Sovereign Princes of Europe, Albert II, Prince of Monaco and Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, also descend from Isabella I and Ferdinand II.

Albert II of Belgium and Grand-Duke Henri of Luxembourg are, given the frequent intermarriage between Catholic dynasties, both descended from the medieval monarchs through multiple lines. The non-Catholic dynasties also share several lines of descent – the following are but a few examples. Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia, a great-granddaughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (son of Queen Joanna of Castile) was in three ways an ancestor of Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, mother of George III of the United Kingdom. Elizabeth II of the U.K. also descends from the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha family and that line descends from Isabella I and Ferdinand II beginning with the 1636 marriage of Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg (1619–1680) to Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (1601–1675) (Elisabeth Sophie being a descendant through Isabella and Ferdinand's daughter Joanna of Castile). Margrethe II of Denmark, Harald V of Norway, and Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden also trace their mutual descent from Isabella I and Ferdinand II through that same line as Elizabeth II of the U.K. In addition, Margrethe II, Harald V, and Carl XVI Gustaf also trace their descent from the Iberian couple through Josephine of Leuchtenberg, Queen-consort to King Oscar I of Sweden. Josephine, like Queen Beatrix discussed in the following sentence, is descended from the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt and that family is also descended from the Iberian couple. Beatrix of the Netherlands is descended from Isabella I and Ferdinand II through her great-great-great grandmother Wilhelmine of Prussia, wife of the first king of the Netherlands, William I. Queen Wilhelmine descends from the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Landgraves are descendants by virtue of the aforementioned 1636 marriage of Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg and Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (Elisabeth Sophie and Ernest I's daughter, Elisabeth Dorothea, married Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt).

The Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt connection also provides the descent of Albert II, Prince of Monaco from Isabella I and Ferdinand II. Prince Albert's great-great-great grandmother, Princess Marie of Baden, was in turn the granddaughter of Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein is descended from Isabella I and Ferdinand II through his grandmother, Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria; Elisabeth Amalie descends from the Iberian couple via the Spanish and Hesse-Darmstadt houses, as well as through the formerly-reigning Catholic imperial or royal houses of Austria-Hungary, Portugal, and Bavaria (these formerly-reigning houses all descend from Isabella I and Ferdinand II).

Children

Name	Birth	Death	Notes^[1]
Isabella	2 October 1470	23 August 1498	Married 1. Afonso, Prince of Portugal, no issue. 2. Manuel I of Portugal, had issue.
John	30 June 1478	4 October 1497	Married Margaret of Austria, no surviving issue.
Joanna	6 November 1479	12 April 1555	Married Philip I of Castile, had issue.
Maria	29 June 1482	7 March 1517	Married Elder sister's widower, Manuel I of Portugal, had issue.
Catherine	16 December 1485	7 January 1536	Married 1. Arthur, Prince of Wales, no issue. 2. Henry VIII of England, had issue.^[2]

Grandchildren

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Miguel da Paz, Prince of Asturias	23 August 1498	19 July 1500	Died young.
Eleanor of Austria	15 November 1498	25 February 1558	Married 1. Manuel I of Portugal, had issue 2. Francis I of France, no issue.
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor	24 February 1500	21 September 1558	Married Isabella of Portugal, had issue.
Isabella of Austria	18 July 1501	19 January 1526	Married Christian II of Denmark, had issue.
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor	10 March 1503	25 July 1564	Married Anna of Bohemia and Hungary, had issue.
Mary of Austria	15 September 1505	18 October 1558	Married Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, no issue.
Catherine of Habsburg	14 January 1507	12 February 1578	Married John III of Portugal, had issue.
John III of Portugal	7 June 1502	11 June 1557	Married Catherine of Habsburg, had issue.
Isabella of Portugal	23 October 1503	1 May 1539	Married Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, had issue.
Infanta Beatriz, Duchess of Savoy	31 December 1504	8 January 1538	Married Charles III, Duke of Savoy, had issue.
Infante Luís, Duke of Beja	3 March 1506	27 November 1555	Unmarried, had illegitimate issue.
Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda and Trancoso	5 June 1507	7 November 1534	Married Guiomar Coutinho, had issue.
Cardinal-Infante Afonso of Portugal	23 April 1509	21 April 1540	Became Cardinal of Portugal, unmarried, no issue.
Henry of Portugal	31 January 1512	31 January 1580	Became Cardinal of Portugal, unmarried, no issue.
Infante Edward, 4th Duke of Guimarães	7 October 1515	20 September 1540	Married Isabel of Braganza, had issue.
Mary I of England	18 February 1516	17 November 1558	Married Philip II of Spain, no issue.^[2]

Great-grandchildren

Image	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu	1521	1577	Unmarried, no issue.
	Philip II of Spain	May 21, 1527	September 13, 1598	Married 1. Maria of Portugal, had issue 2. Mary I of England, no issue 3. Elisabeth of Valois, had issue 4. Anna of Austria, had issue
	Maria of Spain	June 21, 1528	February 26, 1603	Married Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, had issue.
	Joanna of Habsburg	June 24, 1535	September 7, 1573	Married João Manuel, Prince of Portugal, had issue.
	Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor	July 31, 1527	October 12, 1576	Married Maria of Spain, had issue.
	Charles II, Archduke of Austria	June 3, 1540	July 10, 1590	Married Maria Anna of Bavaria (his niece, a great-great-grandchild of Isabella and Ferdinand), had issue.
no image	Infante Edward, 5th Duke of Guimarães	March 1541	November 28, 1576	Unmarried, no issue
	Johanna of Austria	January 24, 1547	April 10, 1578	Married Francesco I de' Medici, had issue.
	Catherine of Austria	September 15, 1533	February 28, 1572	Married Sigismund II Augustus, no issue.
	Eleonora of Austria	November 2, 1534	August 5, 1594	Married William I, Duke of Mantua, had issue.
	Dorothea of Denmark	1520	1580	Married Frederick II, Elector Palatine, no issue.
	Christina of Denmark	1522	1590	Married 1. Francesco II Sforza, had no issue 2. Francis I, Duke of Lorraine, had issue.
	Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal	October 15, 1527	August 12, 1545	Married Philip II of Spain, had issue.
	João Manuel, Prince of Portugal	June 3, 1527	January 2, 1554	Married Joan of Spain, had issue.
	Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy	1528	1580	Married Margaret of France, had issue.
	Infanta Maria of Guimarães	1538	1577	Married Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, had issue.
	Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza	1540	1614	Married John, 6th Duke of Braganza, had issue.
	Elisabeth of Austria	July 9, 1526	June 15, 1545	Married Sigismund II Augustus, king of Poland, no issue.
	Anna of Austria	July 7, 1528	October 16, 1590	Married Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, had issue.
	Barbara of Austria	May 30, 1539	September 19, 1572	Married Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara, no issue.