Scarlat Callimachi (hospodar)

For the Romanian journalist, see Scarlat Callimachi.

Scarlat Callimachi
Prince of Moldavia (1st reign)
Reign	24 August – 26 October 1806
Predecessor	Alexander Mourouzis
Successor	Alexander Mourouzis
Prince of Moldavia (2nd reign)
Reign	4 August 1807 – 13 June 1810
Predecessor	Alexander Hangerli
Successor	Iordache Ruset-Roznovanu
Prince of Moldavia (3rd reign)
Reign	17 September 1812 – June 1819
Predecessor	Veniamin Costache
Successor	Michael Soutzos
Prince of Wallachia
Reign	February – June 1821
Predecessor	Tudor Vladimirescu
Successor	Grigore IV Ghica
Born	1773 Istanbul
Died	12 December 1821 Bolu
House	Callimachi family
Religion	Orthodox

Scarlat Callimachi (Istanbul, 1773 – 12 December 1821, Bolu) was Grand Dragoman of the Sublime Porte 1801–1806, Prince of Moldavia between August 24, 1806 – October 26, 1806, August 4, 1807 – June 13, 1810, September 17, 1812 – June 1819 and Prince of Wallachia between February 1821 – June 1821.

A member of the Callimachi family, he was the son of Alexandru Callimachi and Ruxandra Ghica, and married Smaragda Mavrogheni. In 1810, during the Russo-Turkish War, he was imprisoned by the Russians, and taken to Kharkiv. He regained the Moldovan throne in 1812. Scarlat Callimachi adopted new laws and cut taxes for the boyars. He took measures against the plague, maintained upkeep of wood paved streets, supported Gheorghe Asachi's Romanian-language movement, and introduced potatoes to Moldavia.

In 1819 Scarlat Callimachi was taken to Istanbul to be executed after being suspected of collaborating with the Russians. He managed to have the sentence cancelled and in 1821 was appointed by the Porte to be Hospodar of Wallachia. He was Prince de jure a few months in 1821 and was unable to claim the throne. The Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, and Callimachi died poisoned later that year, under suspicion of being pro-Greek.