Glypican 1

GPC1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4ACR, 4AD7, 4BWE, 4YWT
Identifiers
Aliases	GPC1, glypican, Glypican 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600395; MGI: 1194891; HomoloGene: 20477; GeneCards: GPC1; OMA:GPC1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	240,468,076 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	92,788,501 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	ventricular zone; ; apex of heart; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; skin of abdomen; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; right frontal lobe; ; tibial nerve; ; skin of leg; ; left ventricle; ; periodontal fiber;
	Top expressed in
	calvaria; ; renal corpuscle; ; ankle; ; ventricular zone; ; muscle of thigh; ; myocardium of ventricle; ; temporal muscle; ; interventricular septum; ; sternum; ; triceps brachii muscle;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	fibroblast growth factor binding; heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding; copper ion binding; laminin binding;
Cellular component	endosome; membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; lysosomal lumen; Golgi lumen; membrane raft; anchored component of membrane; extracellular exosome; extracellular space; nucleoplasm; cytosol; plasma membrane; extracellular matrix; extracellular region; intrinsic component of plasma membrane; synapse; anchored component of plasma membrane; collagen-containing extracellular matrix; cell surface;
Biological process	glycosaminoglycan metabolic process; myelin assembly; heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process; retinoid metabolic process; axon guidance; negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation; glycosaminoglycan catabolic process; glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process; Schwann cell differentiation; leukocyte migration; regulation of signal transduction; cell migration; regulation of protein localization to membrane;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2817
	14733
	ENSG00000063660
	ENSMUSG00000034220
	P35052
	Q9QZF2
	NM_002081
	NM_016696
	NP_002072
	NP_057905
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Glypican-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPC1 gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with a variable number of heparan sulfate chains. Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation.^[6]

Interactions

Glypican 1 has been shown to interact with SLIT2.^[7]

Clinical significance

This protein is involved in the misfolding of normal prion proteins in the cell membrane to the infectious prion form.^[8]

In 2015 it was reported that the presence of this protein in exosomes in patients' blood is able to detect early pancreatic cancer with absolute specificity and sensitivity.^[9] However this conclusion is disputed.^[10] and in more recent overviews of potential markers for pancreatic cancer, Glypican 1 is not mentioned.^[11]^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000063660 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034220 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Vermeesch JR, Mertens G, David G, Marynen P (Jul 1995). "Assignment of the human glypican gene (GPC1) to 2q35-q37 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 25 (1): 327–9. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80152-C. PMID 7774946.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: GPC1 glypican 1".
^ Ronca F, Andersen JS, Paech V, Margolis RU (August 2001). "Characterization of Slit protein interactions with glypican-1". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (31): 29141–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100240200. PMID 11375980.
^ Taylor DR, Whitehouse IJ, Hooper NM (November 2009). "Glypican-1 mediates both prion protein lipid raft association and disease isoform formation". PLoS Pathogens. 5 (11): e1000666. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000666. PMC 2773931. PMID 19936054.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Melo SA, Luecke LB, Kahlert C, Fernandez AF, Gammon ST, Kaye J, LeBleu VS, Mittendorf EA, Weitz J, Rahbari N, Reissfelder C, Pilarsky C, Fraga MF, Piwnica-Worms D, Kalluri R (July 2015). "Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer". Nature. 523 (7559): 177–82. doi:10.1038/nature14581. PMC 4825698. PMID 26106858.
^ Discussions at www.pubpeer.com; https://pubpeer.com/publications/70714D8ACB8F13164A2752B4335F38#fb119888
^ Balasenthil S, Huang Y, Liu S, Marsh T, Chen J, Stass SA, KuKuruga D, Brand R, Chen N, Frazier ML, Jack Lee J, Srivastava S, Sen S, McNeill Killary A (August 2017). "A Plasma Biomarker Panel to Identify Surgically Resectable Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 109 (8). doi:10.1093/jnci/djw341. PMC 6059209. PMID 28376184.
^ Chang JC, Kundranda M (March 2017). "Novel Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18 (3). doi:10.3390/ijms18030667. PMC 5372679. PMID 28335509.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Karthikeyan L; Maurel P; Rauch U; et al. (1992). "Cloning of a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan from brain and identification as the rat form of glypican". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188 (1): 395–401. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)92398-H. PMID 1417860.
David G; Lories V; Decock B; et al. (1991). "Molecular cloning of a phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan from human lung fibroblasts". J. Cell Biol. 111 (6 Pt 2): 3165–76. doi:10.1083/jcb.111.6.3165. PMC 2116352. PMID 2148568.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Suzuki Y; Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K; Maruyama K; et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Kleeff J; Ishiwata T; Kumbasar A; et al. (1998). "The cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 regulates growth factor action in pancreatic carcinoma cells and is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer". J. Clin. Invest. 102 (9): 1662–73. doi:10.1172/JCI4105. PMC 509114. PMID 9802880.
Gengrinovitch S; Berman B; David G; et al. (1999). "Glypican-1 is a VEGF165 binding proteoglycan that acts as an extracellular chaperone for VEGF165". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (16): 10816–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.16.10816. PMID 10196157.
Liang Y; Annan RS; Carr SA; et al. (1999). "Mammalian homologues of the Drosophila slit protein are ligands of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 in brain". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (25): 17885–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17885. PMID 10364234.
Schofield KP, Gallagher JT, David G (2000). "Expression of proteoglycan core proteins in human bone marrow stroma". Biochem. J. 343 Pt 3: 663–8. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3430663. PMC 1220599. PMID 10527946.
Karumanchi SA; Jha V; Ramchandran R; et al. (2001). "Cell surface glypicans are low-affinity endostatin receptors" (PDF). Mol. Cell. 7 (4): 811–22. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00225-8. PMID 11336704.
Matsuda K; Maruyama H; Guo F; et al. (2001). "Glypican-1 is overexpressed in human breast cancer and modulates the mitogenic effects of multiple heparin-binding growth factors in breast cancer cells". Cancer Res. 61 (14): 5562–9. PMID 11454708.
Alvarez K, Fadic R, Brandan E (2002). "Augmented synthesis and differential localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in Duchenne muscular dystrophy". J. Cell. Biochem. 85 (4): 703–13. doi:10.1002/jcb.10184. PMID 11968010.
Ding K; Mani K; Cheng F; et al. (2002). "Copper-dependent autocleavage of glypican-1 heparan sulfate by nitric oxide derived from intrinsic nitrosothiols". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36): 33353–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203383200. PMID 12084716.
Strausberg RL; Feingold EA; Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Belting M; Mani K; Jönsson M; et al. (2004). "Glypican-1 is a vehicle for polyamine uptake in mammalian cells: a pivotal role for nitrosothiol-derived nitric oxide". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (47): 47181–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308325200. PMID 12972423.
Ota T; Suzuki Y; Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Watanabe N; Araki W; Chui DH; et al. (2004). "Glypican-1 as an Abeta binding HSPG in the human brain: its localization in DIG domains and possible roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease". FASEB J. 18 (9): 1013–5. doi:10.1096/fj.03-1040fje. PMID 15084524.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Li J; Kleeff J; Kayed H; et al. (2004). "Glypican-1 antisense transfection modulates TGF-beta-dependent signaling in Colo-357 pancreatic cancer cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 320 (4): 1148–55. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.063. PMID 15249209.
Davies EJ; Blackhall FH; Shanks JH; et al. (2005). "Distribution and clinical significance of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in ovarian cancer". Clin. Cancer Res. 10 (15): 5178–86. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0103. PMID 15297422.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000063660 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034220 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7774946-5] Vermeesch JR, Mertens G, David G, Marynen P (Jul 1995). "Assignment of the human glypican gene (GPC1) to 2q35-q37 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 25 (1): 327–9. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80152-C. PMID 7774946.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: GPC1 glypican 1".

[pmid11375980-7] Ronca F, Andersen JS, Paech V, Margolis RU (August 2001). "Characterization of Slit protein interactions with glypican-1". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (31): 29141–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100240200. PMID 11375980.

[Taylor_2009-8] Taylor DR, Whitehouse IJ, Hooper NM (November 2009). "Glypican-1 mediates both prion protein lipid raft association and disease isoform formation". PLoS Pathogens. 5 (11): e1000666. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000666. PMC 2773931. PMID 19936054.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Melo_2015-9] Melo SA, Luecke LB, Kahlert C, Fernandez AF, Gammon ST, Kaye J, LeBleu VS, Mittendorf EA, Weitz J, Rahbari N, Reissfelder C, Pilarsky C, Fraga MF, Piwnica-Worms D, Kalluri R (July 2015). "Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer". Nature. 523 (7559): 177–82. doi:10.1038/nature14581. PMC 4825698. PMID 26106858.

[10] Discussions at www.pubpeer.com; https://pubpeer.com/publications/70714D8ACB8F13164A2752B4335F38#fb119888

[pmid28376184-11] Balasenthil S, Huang Y, Liu S, Marsh T, Chen J, Stass SA, KuKuruga D, Brand R, Chen N, Frazier ML, Jack Lee J, Srivastava S, Sen S, McNeill Killary A (August 2017). "A Plasma Biomarker Panel to Identify Surgically Resectable Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 109 (8). doi:10.1093/jnci/djw341. PMC 6059209. PMID 28376184.

[pmid28335509-12] Chang JC, Kundranda M (March 2017). "Novel Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18 (3). doi:10.3390/ijms18030667. PMC 5372679. PMID 28335509.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

Glypican 1

Function

Interactions

Clinical significance

See also

References

Further reading