List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty
The following is a list of Emperors of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) in the eastern part of the Mongol Empire. It also contains early Mongol rulers posthumously promoted by Kublai Khan as Yuan emperors.
List of emperors
| Portrait | Temple names | Posthumous names | Khan Names | Given names | Period of Reigns | Era names and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: use first name (e.g. Temüjin) or Khan names for khans before Kublai Khan. Use "Yuan" + temple name or posthumous name after. A mix of the three for Kublai Khan. | ||||||
| Notes: 1) Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) practically in the Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as 成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor'). 2) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names. 3) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for avoiding confusion with Timur the lame, or Tamerlane. | ||||||
|
Taizu (太祖 Tàizǔ) | Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu
(法天啟運聖武皇帝) |
Genghis Khan | Borjigin Temüjin (孛兒只斤鐵木真 Bóérzhījīn Tiěmùzhēn) | 1206–1227 | did not exist |
|
Ruizong (睿宗 Ruìzōng) | not used | Tolui | Borjigin Tolui (孛兒只斤拖雷 BóérzhījīnTuōléi) | 1227–1229 | did not exist |
|
Taizong (太宗 Tàizōng) | Yingwen (英文皇帝)
|
Ögedei Khan | Borjigin Ögedei (孛兒只斤窩闊台 Bóérzhījīn Wōkuòtái) | 1229–1241 | did not exist |
| File:Guyuk.jpg | Dingzong (定宗 Dìngzōng) | Emperor Jianping (简平皇帝) | Güyük Khan | Borjigin Güyük (孛兒只斤貴由 Bóérzhījīn Guìyuó) | 1246–1248 | did not exist |
| File:Mongke.jpg | Xianzong (憲宗 Xiànzōng) | Emperor Huansu (桓肃皇帝) | Möngke Khan | Borjigin Möngke (孛兒只斤蒙哥 Bóérzhījīn Ménggē) | 1251–1259 | did not exist |
|
Shizu (世祖 Shìzǔ) | Emperor Shengde Shengong Wenwu
(聖德神功文武皇帝) |
Kublai Khan | Borjigin Kublai (孛兒只斤忽必烈 Bóérzhījīn Hūbìliè) | 1260–1294 | Zhongtong (中統 Zhōngtǒng) 1260–1264 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1264–1294 |
|
Chengzong (成宗 Chéngzōng) | not used | Temür Khan | Borjigin Temür (孛兒只斤鐵木耳 Bóérzhījīn Tiěmù'ěr) | 1294–1307 | Yuanzhen (元貞 Yuánzhēn) 1295–1297 Dade (大德 Dàdé) 1297–1307 |
|
Wuzong (武宗 Wǔzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Külüg Khan | Borjigin Qayshan (孛兒只斤海山 Bóérzhījīn Hǎishān) | 1307–1311 | Zhida (至大 Zhìdà) 1308–1311 |
|
Renzong (仁宗 Rénzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan | Borjigin Ayurparibhadra (孛兒只斤愛育黎拔力八達 Bóérzhījīn Àiyùlíbálìbādá) | 1311–1320 | Huangqing (皇慶 Huángqìng) 1312–1313 Yanyou (延祐 Yányòu) 1314–1320 |
| File:Gegeen.jpg | Yingzong (英宗 Yīngzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Gegeen Khan | Borjigin Suddhipala (孛兒只斤碩德八剌 Bóérzhījīn Shuòdébālá) | 1320–1323 | Zhizhi (至治 Zhìzhì) 1321–1323 |
| File:Yesun.jpg | did not exist (1) | Taiding Di (泰定帝 Tàidìng Dì) (2) | Yesün Temür | Borjigin Yesün-Temür (孛兒只斤也孫鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Yěsūntiěmùér) | 1323–1328 | Taiding (泰定 Tàidìng) 1321–1328 Zhihe (致和 Zhìhé) 1328 |
| File:Ragibagh.jpg | did not exist (1) | Tianshun Di (天順帝 Tiānshùn Dì) (2) | Ragibagh Khan | Borjigin Arigaba (孛兒只斤阿速吉八 Bóérzhījīn Āsùjíbā) | 1328 | Tianshun (天順 Tiānshùn) 1328 |
|
Wenzong (文宗 Wénzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür | Borjigin Toq-Temür (孛兒只斤圖鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tútiěmùér) | 1328–1329 and 1329–1332 | Tianli (天曆 Tiānlì) 1328–1330 Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1330–1332 |
| Mingzong (明宗 Míngzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Khutughtu Khan Kusala | Borjigin Qoshila (孛兒只斤和世剌 Bóérzhījīn Héshìlà) | 1329 | did not exist | |
|
Ningzong (寧宗 Níngzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Rinchinbal Khan | Borjigin Irinchibal (孛兒只斤懿璘質班 Bóérzhījīn Yìlínzhìbān) | 1332 | Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1332 |
| Huizong (惠宗 Huìzōng) (1) | Shundi (順帝 Shùndì) | Ukhaantu Khan | Borjigin Toghan-Temür (孛兒只斤妥懽鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tuǒhuān Tiěmùér) | 1333–1368 | Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1333 Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333–1335 | |
| (1) Convention: for these sovereigns only, use "yuan" + posthumous name, i.e. 元泰定帝 Yuán Tàidìng Dì.
(2) Not actually a posthumous name, but adopted from era name. | ||||||
Timeline
Legend:
- Orange denotes monarchs of the Mongol Empire
- Teal denotes Yuan monarchs
- Pink denotes Northern Yuan monarchs
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty.