Ngua Nam Thum
Ngua Nam Thum งั่วนำถุม | |
---|---|
King of Sukhothai | |
Reign | 1866 BE (1323/24 CE) – 1890 BE (1347/48 CE)[1] |
Predecessor | Loe Thai[2] |
Successor | Mahathammaracha I (Lue Thai)[3] |
Died | 1890 BE (1347/48 CE)[1] |
House | Phra Ruang[1] |
Father | Ban Mueang[1] |
Ngua Nam Thum (Thai: งั่วนำถุม, pronounced [ŋûa̯ nām tʰǔm]) was a king of Sukhothai, an ancient kingdom in Thailand. He was from the House of Phra Ruang.[1]
Preceded by Loe Thai, he possibly ascended the throne of Sukhothai in 1866 BE (1323/24 CE).[1] He reigned until his death, which possibly took place in 1890 BE (1347/48 CE).[1] Upon his death, he was succeeded by Mahathammaracha I (Lue Thai).[1]
Name
Abbreviation | For |
---|---|
BE | Buddhist Era |
CE | Common Era |
Ngua Nam Thum (archaic Thai: งววนำถํ;[4] modern Thai: งั่วนำถุม;[1] IPA: [ŋûːa.nam.tʰǔm]) is the name that appears in the Pu Khun Chit Khun Chot Inscription (Inscription No. 45), created in 1935 BE (1392/93 CE).[5]
The name, which means "Nam Thum the Fifth Son", indicates that he was the fifth son.[6][7] Ngua (Thai: งั่ว) is an archaic title given to a fifth son. Nam Thum (Thai: นำถุม) is from either a Northern Thai subdialect or the Shan language, corresponding to nam thuam (Thai: น้ำท่วม; IPA: [náːm.thûːam]) in Central Thai, meaning "inundation".[7][8]
There are several suggestions about the origin of the name:
- Prasoet Na Nakhon, a Royal Society fellow in the field of history, suggested that Ngua Nam Thum was possibly a descendant of King Si Nao Nam Thum of Sukhothai, owing to the ancient custom of naming a baby after its ancestor. This possibility also gives rise to a suggestion that Sueang, Ngua Nam Thum's paternal grandmother, was a daughter of Si Nao Nam Thum.[6]
- Wina Rotchanaratha (วีณา โรจนราธา), an expert from the Fine Arts Department, expressed the opinion that he got this name possibly because he was killed in a flood or died from drowning. Wina cited Jinakalamali which refers to a Sukhothai king in Pali as Udakajotthata, meaning the "drowned king", and the Chronicle of the North which says a Sukhothai king went to take a bath in the Yom River at the Grand Mire (แก่งหลวง; now the location of the Si Satchanalai Historical Park) and was carried away by a flood and never seen again. She said the two documents may refer to Ngua Nam Thum, but this cannot yet be confirmed due to conflicting genealogical and chronological details.[7] She also introduced another possibility that he obtained the name because he was born during a flooding season. She cited an example in the Chronicle of Chiang Mai, which says the middle son of King Mangrai was called Pho-thao Nam Thuam (Thai: พ่อท้าวน้ำท่วม; IPA: [pʰɔ̂ː.tʰáːw.náːm.tʰûːam]; "Prince Inundation") because he was born when the kingdom was undergoing a deluge.[7]
Life
A historical document
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation, 2011: 31.
- ^ Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation, 2011: 29.
- ^ Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation, 2011: 33.
- ^ SAC, 2006 ("Charuek Pu Khun Chit Khun Chot"): online.
- ^ Na Nakhon, 2006: 231.
- ^ a b Na Nakhon, 2006: 232.
- ^ a b c d Sukhothai Studies Encyclopedia Commission, 1996: 41.
- ^ Na Nakhon, 2006: 198.
Bibliography
- Na Nakhon, Prasoet (2006). Prawattisat Bettalet ประวัติศาสตร์เบ็ดเตล็ด [Historical Miscellanea] (in Thai). Bangkok: Matichon. ISBN 9743236007.
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation (2011). Namanukrom Phramahakasat Thai นามานุกรมพระมหากษัตริย์ไทย [Directory of Thai Kings] (in Thai). Bangkok: Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation. ISBN 9786167308258.
- SAC (2006). "Charuek Pu Khun Chit Khun Chot" จารึกปู่ขุนจิดขุนจอด [Pu Khun Chit Khun Chot Inscription]. Thai Inscriptions Database (in Thai). Bangkok: SAC. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
- SAC (2006). "Charuek Wat Pa Mamuang (Phasa Khamen)" จารึกวัดป่ามะม่วง (ภาษาเขมร) [Wat Pa Mamuang Inscription (Khmer Version)]. Thai Inscriptions Database (in Thai). Bangkok: SAC. Retrieved 2015-09-07.[permanent dead link]
- Sukhothai Studies Encyclopedia Commission, Sukhothai Studies Centre, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University (1996). Saranukrom Sukhothaisueksa (Lem Nueng Ko Thueng Po) สารานุกรมสุโขทัยศึกษา (เล่ม ๑ ก–ป) [Sukhothai Studies Encyclopedia (Volume 1: Letters Ko–Po)] (in Thai). Bangkok: Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University. ISBN 9746149369.
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