Conus betulinus

Conus betulinus
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Genus:	Conus
Species:	C. betulinus
Binomial name
	Conus betulinus; Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
	Cleobula betulina (Linnaeus, 1758); Conus (Dendroconus) betulinus Linnaeus, 1758 · accepted, alternate representation; Conus betulinus rufoluteus Bozzetti & Ferrario, 2005; Conus betulinus var. alternans Dautzenberg, 1937; Conus betulinus var. immaculata Dautzenberg, 1906; Conus betulinus var. medusa Gmelin, 1791; Conus betulinus var. paucimaculata Dautzenberg, 1937; Conus betulinus var. plurizonata Dautzenberg, 1937; Conus betulinus var. scripta Dautzenberg, 1937; Conus betulinus var. tabulata Dautzenberg, 1937; Conus deprehendens Prelle, 2009; Conus zulu Petuch, 1979; Cucullus lacteus Röding, 1798; Cucullus medusae Röding, 1798; Cucullus tigris Röding, 1798; Dendroconus betulinus(Linnaeus, 1758); Gastridium betulinus Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975;

Conus betulinus, common name the betuline cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.^[2]

These snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans.

Description

The size of the shell varies between 40 mm and 170 mm. The color of the shell is yellow or orange-brown, with revolving series of spots, and short lines of chocolate upon narrow white bands. The spire is radiated with chocolate. The base of the shell is strongly grooved.^[3]

Distribution

This marine species occurs off

Aldabra^[2]
Chagos^[2]
Madagascar^[2]
Mascarene Basin^[2]
Mauritius^[2]
Mozambique^[2]
Seychelles^[2]
Tanzania^[2]

Also off Indo-China, Indo-Malaysia, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and Queensland, Australia.

References

^ NatureServe (2013). "Conus betulinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2014. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help){{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Conus betulinus Linnaeus, 1758. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 27 March 2010.
^ G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp
Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp
Reeve, L.A. 1843. Monograph of the genus Conus. pls 1–39 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1.
Smith, E.A. 1891. On a collection of marine shells from Aden, with some remarks upon the relationship of the Molluscan Fauna of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891(3): 390–436
Oostingh, C.H. 1925. Report on a collection of recent shells from Obi and Halmahera, Molluccas. Mededeelingen van de Landbouwhoogeschool te Wageningen 29(1): 1–362
Dautzenberg, P. 1937. Gastéropodes marins. 3-Famille Conidae'; Résultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Lé Belgique. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2(18): 284 pp, 3 pls
Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. Coquillages de Polynésie. Tahiti : Papeete les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391.
Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific marine shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
Petuch, E.J. 1979. Twelve new Indo-Pacific gastropods. Nemouria 23: 1–20
Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp.
Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1–23