Expo Express
Expo Express | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Overview | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status | Demolished | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Owner | Expo 67 City of Montreal (1968) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locale | Montreal, Quebec, Canada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Termini | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stations | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | Rapid Transit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rolling stock | Hawker Siddeley H1 variant; 8 × 6-car sets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opened | April 1967 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Closed | October 1972 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line length | 5.7 km (3.5 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrification | Third rail 600 V DC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Expo Express was a rapid transit system consisting of five stations and a 5.7-kilometre (3.5 mi) route, running from Cité du Havre to La Ronde in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Built for the 1967 World's Fair Expo 67 at a cost of around CAD$18 million, the trains carried 1,000 passengers each and ran approximately every five minutes.
In 1968 the cars were sold to the City of Montreal for $1.8 million and operated by the Montreal Transit Commission (now the STM).[2] The train remained in service for five more years for Man and His World (summer only); however, from 1969 onward, they ran on a shortened route when the terminus was cut back to Saint Helen's Island. After the 1972 season the service was withdrawn.
Vehicles
Not to be confused with the Minirail monorail which ran within the perimeters of the Expo Site, the Expo Express used standard railway technology, with two running rails and a third electrified rail identical to those of the Toronto subway. In fact, the trains used were a modified version of the Hawker Siddeley H-series used by the Toronto Transit Commission with one fewer door on each side, and streamlined ends.[3] Consequently, unlike the Montreal Metro with rubber tires, the Expo Express used traditional steel-wheeled trains. The Expo Express also featured fully air-conditioned passenger cars, whereas the Metro does not have any air-conditioned trains on its first four lines due in part to the small sizes of the tunnels and the possibility of heating them to a temperature that is unsuitable for operation. The Réseau express métropolitain (which will operate steel-wheeled trains) will be the first metro line in Montreal to have air-conditioned trains once it opens in 2022.
In 1968, the New York City Transit Authority looked into the feasibility of modifying the cars for use on the Staten Island Railway, but this plan never came to fruition.[4]
Background
The Expo Express was the first fully-automated rapid transit system in North America, utilizing an Automatic Train Operation (ATO) system based on audio frequency track circuits furnished by the Union Switch & Signal division of Westinghouse Air Brake Company. This fact, however, was not widely publicized during the fair, as it was felt the public would not readily board a train controlled entirely by a computer. Operators from Montreal's transit union were placed in cabs at the front and given mundane tasks such as opening and closing the doors of the train to reduce boredom.
This resulted in a minor incident during the fair, at La Ronde station. The conductor had pressed the button to close the doors and proceed, but his train had already sensed an oncoming express from Notre Dame Island and automatically delayed the go command to let it roll in. In the meantime, the driver realized he had forgotten his lunch. However, he could not exit through the passenger doors because his train was in a "wait" state and would not allow the doors to open. Instead, he crawled through the small cab window. By the time he had fetched his lunch, however, the oncoming train had pulled in and his train had taken off on its own. It crossed the bridge over the Le Moyne Channel, proceeded along the seaway, and came to a smooth stop at Notre Dame Island station where an Expo official was waiting. This person crawled back through the cab window and pressed the button to open the doors and let the passengers disembark.[citation needed]
Route
The line was double-track throughout, except for a single-track section at Cité du Havre, where people exited on one side of the train and boarded on the other. Maintenance facilities were located northwest of La Ronde station.
When the Cite du Havre line closed in late 1968, and the terminus was cut back to Saint Helen's Island, it was single-tracked as well. The following year the former Habitat station (outbound only; closed in early 1967 due to low use) was physically relocated to Notre Dame Island, near the Man and Agriculture pavilion, and renamed Notre-Dame East station (inbound only). In 1972 all stations on Notre Dame Island closed, making the route direct from Saint Helen's to La Ronde with no stops in between.
The line was dismantled north of Notre Dame Island in 1974 for the construction of the Olympic basin; rolling stock was moved to the Concorde bridge between Notre Dame and Saint Helen's Island and stored there until 1979.
History
The Expo Express ran from April 1967 to October 1972 (one year after the section of Man and his World on Notre Dame Island section closed to the public). After Expo, when service continued during the early days of Man and His World, the Express only ran for two months each year. After service was discontinued, in 1973 the trains were put in storage on the Concorde Bridge between Saint Helen's and Notre Dame Islands. The north end of the line was demolished in 1974. In the summer of 1979 the trains were moved again, to the Port of Montreal via a temporary track, and stored at the nearby CN Point St-Charles Shops.[5]
After several unrealized schemes including a reported sale to the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority,[6] the cars were moved from Point St-Charles to an outdoor field storage facility in Les Cèdres in the mid/late 1980s, and were scrapped in 1995.
Virtually nothing remains of the Expo Express. The only evidence is at La Ronde, where a train bridge deteriorates in the river and remnants of the La Ronde station have been converted into the main park entrance. The area where Place d'Accueil stood is now a parking lot, and part of the track route is a paved bicycle path.
References
- ^ Andy Riga (3 February 2010). "expo 67's lost steel wheels". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
After the fair, despite the efforts of its engineers and the city of Montreal, the Expo Express was eventually cut up for scrap. Though its design was based on the same cars as Toronto's subway system, the track width of the Expo Express had been modified to the world-wide "standard" rail gauge for eventual use on CN's suburban line between Montreal and Deux Montagnes. CN was already losing money on the line, however, and had no interest in spending millions more to adapt its level-grade platforms and stations to accomodate [sic] the higher doors of the Expo Express.
- ^ La Roche, Roger (2014). "Expo Express" (PDF) (in French). Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
- ^ Klauder, Louis T (July 1968), Report to the City of New York Transportation Administration on the Feasibility of the Purchase of the Expo Express Transit Cars for use on the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway (Consulting Engineers' Report), Philadelphia, retrieved 22 January 2013
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "New York may purchase Expo 67 rolling stock". Railway Gazette International: 687. 15 September 1967.
- ^ "Quebec". Canadian Railway Yards, Water Towers, Round Houses, Control Towers and Freight Sheds.
- ^ "Expo Express cars sold at last". Railway Gazette International: 503. June 1979.