Abraham of Rostov
Abraham of Rostov | |
|---|---|
 Icon of Saint Abraham of Rostov | |
| Monk | |
| Born | unknown (10th century) Galich, Russia |
| Died | about 1045 to 1074 Rostov, |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodoxy Roman Catholicism |
| Canonized | 1547-1549 |
| Feast | October 29 (November 11 in Gregorian calendar) |
Saint Abraham of Rostov, Archimandrite of Rostov, in the world Abercius, was born in tenth century in Chuhloma, which is in Kostroma region near Galich, Russia.[1]
Life of the Saint
Born Abercius, he was very ill as a child. He converted to Christianity in his youth after being cured from illness through prayer.[2] He decided to become a monk at Valaam and with the new name Abramius (Abraham) settled at Rostov on the shore of Lake Nero.[3]
Not far from his hut was a temple where the local tribes worshiped the stone idol of Veles, a source of superstitious fright in the whole neighborhood. His legend recounts a miraculous vision of Saint John the Evangelist, who gave him a staff, crowned with a cross, to destroy the idol. In commemoration of this, at the site of the temple, Abraham erected a monastery in honor of the Theophany. He also built a church dedicated to Saint John the Theologian, and preached the Gospel in his area. Convinced by his preaching, many pagans were baptized.[3]
At the petition of the Rostov princes Avraham was ordained to the rank of archimandrite of the monastery of the Theophany.[4]
His death and veneration
Abraham Reposed in old age and was buried in the church of the Theophany by his disciples.[5] His relics were found during the time of Grand Prince Vsevolod Georgievich (1176-1212).[6] According to Golubinsky the general church canonization of the Monk Abraham was held already by the time of the Makaryev Sobors of 1547-1549.[7] The divine service devoted to Abraham of Rostov, compiled in the imitation of the like to the Monk Sergius of Radonezh, was first mentioned in the manuscript collection of the 15th century.[8]
In 1551 Ivan the Terrible, during his military campaign against Khanate of Kazan, made a pilgrimage to the Abraham Monastery before the battles. He took the staff of the saint and upon successful defeat of Kazan khans he returned it back and ordered construction of the stone Cathedral of the Theophany in 1553- 1555.[9][6]
His feast days are: October 29 (November 11) (new style) - finding relics - in the Synaxis of the Kostroma saints, May 23 - in the Synaxis of Rostov-Yaroslavski Saints and in the Synaxis of the Karelian Saints - May 21 (dates are given according to the Julian calendar).[8]
Years of life and activity
The legend of the saint indicates 1010 as the date of his death, but most historians recognize this date to be wrong.[1] Nikolay Karamzin indicated, that Abraham was acting in Rostov during or after Andrey Bogolyubsky (c. 1111 – 1174). The activity of Abraham in Rostov dates from 1073–1077 years according to Vasily Klyuchevsky; Macarius Bulgakov refers it to (?)-1045 years, Andrei Titov - the end of the XI - the beginning of the XII century, Filaret (Gumilevsky) - the beginning of the XII century.[10]
Evgeny Golubinsky was skeptical about the very fact of the existence of Abraham, apparently considering him a single person with Abraham Galitzki and referring his activity to the last quarter of the fourteenth century (according to the legend, the latter lived the same years as Yury Dmitrievich, born in 1374). Arseny Kadlubovsky does not consider Abraham to be the founder of the Theophany Monastery, and also relates his life to the fourteenth century. [10][1]
References
- ^ a b c Зонтиков, H.A. (2014). Чухлома: спорные вопросы ранней истории города(Chuhloma:outstanding issues in early history of the town), almanac, issue 7. Kostroma: Костромская земля(Kostroma Land). p. 130. Archived from the original on 2015-03-17. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
- ^ "St. Abraham of Rostov", Catholic Review, October 29, 2006
- ^ a b "Venerable Abramius the Archimandrite of Rostov", Orthodox Church in America Retrieved on 13 Mar 2018
- ^ Butler, Alban. "Butler's Lives of the Saints, Vol. 10", (Paul Burns, ed.), the Liturgical press, Collegeville, Minnesota 1995, p.201 Retrieved on 14 Mar 2018
- ^ МИФ О РОЖДЕНИИ В ЧУХЛОМЕ ПРЕПОДОБНОГО АВРААМИЯ РОСТОВСКОГО (Myth about the birth in Chuhloma of venerable Abraham of Rostov) Retrieved on 13 Mar 2018
- ^ a b ЖИТИЕ ПРЕПОДОБНОГО АВРАМИЯ, АРХИМАНДРИТА РОСТОВСКОГО (Legend of venerable Abraham, archimandrite of Rostov) Retrieved on 14 Mar 2018
- ^ Голубинский. История канонизации.(Golubisky. History of canonization) С. 82-83
- ^ a b 11 ноября. Память преподобного Авраамия Ростовского(11 November. Feast day of venerable Abraham of Rostov) Retrieved on 14 Mar 2018
- ^ ЖИТИЕ АВРААМИЯ РОСТОВСКОГО (The legend of Abraham of Rostov) in ancient Slavic Retrieved on 14 Mar 2018
- ^ a b Житие Авраамия Ростовского (The legend of Abraham of Rostov) Retrieved on 14 Mar 2018
Sources
External links
- Venerable Abramius the Archimandrite of Rostov Orthodox icon and synaxarion
- Житие преподобного отца нашего Аврамия Ростовского (Legend of venerable Abraham of Rostov)
- Holweck, F. G., A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924.
