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Charles Dickens Jr.

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Charles Dickens Jr.
Charles Dickens Jr. in 1874
Charles Dickens Jr. in 1874
BornCharles Culliford Boz Dickens
(1837-01-06)6 January 1837
Furnival's Inn, Holborn, London, England
Died20 July 1896(1896-07-20) (aged 59)
Fulham, London, England
Resting placeMortlake cemetery
OccupationWriter, Editor
NationalityEnglish
Notable worksThe Life of Charles James Mathews
Dickens's Dictionary of London
Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames
Dickens's Dictionary of Paris
John Jasper's Secret: Sequel to Charles Dickens' Mystery of Edwin Drood (with Wilkie Collins)
SpouseElisabeth Matilda Moule Evans
Children
Relatives

Charles Culliford Boz Dickens (6 January 1837 – 20 July 1896) was the first child of the English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine.[1] A failed businessman, he became the editor of his father's magazine All the Year Round, and a successful writer of dictionaries. He is now most remembered for his two 1879 books Dickens's Dictionary of London and Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames.[2]

Life and career

Charles Dickens Jr. was born at Furnival's Inn in Holborn, London, the first child of Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine Hogarth.[1] He was called "Charley" by family and friends. In 1847, aged 10, he entered the junior department of King's College, London.[3] He went to Eton College, and visited Leipzig in 1853 to study German.[1] In 1855, aged 18, he entered Barings Bank.[2] In 1858, after his parents' separation, his father agreed he should live with his mother.[2]

As a young man, Dickens showed skills that could have led to a career in journalism but his father encouraged him to go into business.[4] With ambitions to become a tea merchant, he visited China, Hong Kong and Japan in 1860.[1]

In 1861, he married Elisabeth Matilda Moule Evans, daughter of Frederick Mullett Evans, his father's former publisher.[2] They had eight children:[5]

  • Mary Angela (1862–1948)
  • Ethel Kate (1864–1936)
  • Charles Walter (1865–1923)
  • Sydney Margaret (1866–1955)
  • Dorothy Gertrude (1868–1923)
  • Beatrice (1869–1937)
  • Cecil Mary (1871–1952)
  • Evelyn Bessie (1873–1924)

In 1866 he was appointed as the first Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Regatta.[6] In 1868, after the failure of his printing business, and bankruptcy, he was hired by his father to work at All the Year Round and was appointed sub-editor the following year.[1][2] In 1870, after his father's death, Dickens, Jr. inherited the magazine and became its editor.[7] At this time he also bought at auction Gads Hill Place, his father's Kent home, but he was forced to give it up in 1879.[2]

In 1879 he published (jointly with his father-in-law) the first editions of his two main dictionaries, Dickens's Dictionary of London and Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames.[2] In 1882 his dictionaries were picked up by Macmillan & Co. who also released his third dictionary, Dickens's Dictionary of Paris, delayed by verifications explained in its introduction.[8][9]

Charles Dickens died of heart disease, at his home in Fulham, London, on 20 July 1896, aged 59. He was buried at Mortlake Cemetery on 23 July 1896.[1]

After death

Dickens' estate was worth £17 5s. 3d at his death,[1] and his widow was granted a government pension of £100 per year.[10] After her death in 1909 yearly Civil list pensions of £25 were granted to Mary Angela, Dorothy Gertrude, Cecil Mary and Evelyn Bessie after 'consideration of their straitened circumstances'.[11] However, in 1910 their situation was so difficult that Ethel Dickens wrote to the Lord Chief Justice Richard Alverstone to seek assistance.[12] In the letter, which was also published in The Daily Telegraph, she explained that her sisters, while employed in positions caring for children and as secretaries were "barely making a living", and while Ethel Kate herself had been more successful, her doctor had required her to take six months' rest due to overwork.[12]

As the centenary of their grandfather's birth approached, the reduced circumstances of Charles Junior's daughters led to a public fundraising appeal.[13] On 7 January 1912 a gala performance where "leading actors and actresses" appeared as Dickens' characters' at the London Coliseum raised £2500, while a separate appeal by The Daily Telegraph added an additional £3882.[14] By the close of the fund in March 1912 it held £12,000, which was to provide £150 per year to each of the daughters.[15]

Author Lucinda Hawksley, a descendant of the elder Charles Dickens, has written that "the girls' begging letter" caused embarrassment for their uncle, London barrister Henry Fielding Dickens,[12] while the daughters of another uncle, Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens, gave an interview to a newspaper in Australia, where they had been raised, to make clear that they were not seeking any part of the funds.[16]

Dickens' biographer Claire Tomalin writes Charles Walter, only son of Dickens Junior, had been "disowned" by the family for marrying Ella Dare, a barmaid.[12] Sydney Margaret went on to marry architect Thomas Bostock Whinney.[17] Ethel died in 1936 of an overdose of phenobarbital, after being found unconscious in her flat in Chelsea, London.[18]

Bibliography

Dickens Junior's publications include:

  • 1879 – The life of Charles James Mathews, chiefly autobiographical, with selections from his correspondence and speeches.[19]
  • 1879 – Dickens's Dictionary of London: An Unconventional Handbook.[20]
  • 1879 – Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, from its source to the Nore.[21][22]
  • 1881 – Dickens's Dictionary of Days.[23]
  • 1882 – Dickens's Dictionary of Paris: An Unconventional Handbook.[24]
  • 1884 – A Dictionary of the University of Cambridge.[25]
  • 1884 – A Dictionary of the University of Oxford.[26]

He also wrote the introductions to many posthumous reprints of his father's books, such as Barnaby Rudge,[27] Oliver Twist,[28] Bleak House,[29] and Little Dorrit,[30] providing biographical and bibliographical insights. His Reminiscences of My Father was published posthumously in 1934.[31]

Dickens's Dictionary of London

Dickens's Dictionary of London: An Unconventional Handbook is the main book of Charles Dickens Jr.[32] It was first published in London in 1879, by "Charles Dickens and Evans" (Dickens Jr. and his father-in-law, publisher Frederick Evans).

The book was then updated and reprinted every year until the author's death, from 1880 (second year) to the final 1896–1897 edition (eighteenth year). His dictionaries had been picked up in 1882 by Macmillan & Co. who printed them until 1889, after which it was again published by Dickens and Evans through J. Smith.[33]

Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames

Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, From Oxford to the Nore: An Unconventional Handbook is the second book of Charles Dickens Jr. The "1880" edition was first published in London in 1879, by "Charles Dickens and Evans" (Dickens Jr. and his father-in-law, publisher Frederick Evans). The next 1880 edition and further were slightly retitled to Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, From Its Source to the Nore: An Unconventional Handbook.

The book was then updated and reprinted every year until the author's death, from 1880 to the final 1896 edition. His dictionaries had been picked up in 1882 by Macmillan & Co. who printed them until 1889, after which it was again published by Dickens and Evans through J. Smith.[34]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Dickens, Charles Culliford Boz". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7600. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Paul Schlicke (3 November 2011). The Oxford Companion to Charles Dickens: Anniversary Edition. Oxford University Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-19-964018-8.
  3. ^ Banerjee, Jacqueline. "The University of London and Its Boys' Schools". VictoriaWeb. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  4. ^ Maslin, Janet (6 December 2012). "Living Under Great Expectations". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  5. ^ Claire Tomalin (6 October 2011). Charles Dickens: A Life. Penguin Books Limited. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-14-197145-2.
  6. ^ "History". Metropolitan Amateur Regatta. Metropolitan Regatta. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  7. ^ "Death of Charles Dickens, Jun". Australian Town and Country Journal. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 12 September 1896. p. 31. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  8. ^ Antiquarian Books, Johnnycake Books Inc: "Dickens's Dictionary of Paris 1882: An Unconventional Handbook London MacMillan 1882, First Edition Decorated Cloth Boards Good Scarcest of the Dickens's dictionaries, with a preface by the author attesting that his "determination on my part not to issue the book until I was quite satisfies that the information contained in it was trustworthy and to the point" caused delay of its publication." [...] Scarce Dickens item."
  9. ^ Worldcat.org, editions of Dickens's Dictionary of Paris (search with typo "Dicken" finds more results, both with and without typo)
  10. ^ "The Worship of Dickens". The New Zealand Herald. 10 February 1912. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  11. ^ "New Civil List Pensions". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 7 July 1909. Retrieved 2 December 2014 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. ^ a b c d Robert Gottlieb (27 November 2012). Great Expectations: The Sons and Daughters of Charles Dickens. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-1-4668-2776-9.
  13. ^ "His Memory Green". The Evening News. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 9 January 1912. p. 8. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  14. ^ "CHARLES DICKENS CENTENARY". Geelong Advertiser. Vic.: National Library of Australia. 10 January 1912. p. 3. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  15. ^ "DICKENS FUND". The Cairns Post. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 30 March 1912. p. 5. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  16. ^ "Dickens Fund". The Queensland Times. National Library of Australia. 18 January 1912. p. 6 Edition: DAILY. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  17. ^ "Whinney, Margaret [Dickens]". Dictionary of Art Historians. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  18. ^ "Ethel Kate Dickens Is Victim of Drug". The Montreal Gazette. 6 June 1936. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  19. ^ Catalog record for The life of Charles James Mathews, chiefly autobiographical, with selections from his correspondence and speeches at the United States Library of Congress
  20. ^ Catalog record for Dickens's Dictionary of London at the United States Library of Congress
  21. ^ "Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, from its source to the Nore". Main catalogue entry. British Library. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  22. ^ Catalog record for Dickens's dictionary of the Thames at the United States Library of Congress
  23. ^ Catalog record for Dickens's dictionary of days, being an every-day record of 1880. With calendar of useful information for 1881. at the United States Library of Congress
  24. ^ Dickens, Charles Jr. (1882). Dickens's Dictionary of Paris: An Unconventional Handbook. London: Macmillan. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  25. ^ "A dictionary of the university of Cambridge". Main catalogue entry. British Library. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  26. ^ Dickens, Charles Jr. (1885). A Dictionary of the University of Oxford. London: Macmillan. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  27. ^ Catalog record for Barnaby Rudge, by Charles Dickens; a reprint of the first edition, with the illustrations, and an introduction, biogaphical and bibliographical, by Charles Dickens the younger. at the United States Library of Congress
  28. ^ Catalog record for Adventures of Oliver Twist, by Charles Dickens. A reprint of the first ed., with the illustrations, and an introduction, biographical and bibliographical, by Charles Dickens the younger. at the United States Library of Congress
  29. ^ Catalog record for Bleak house, by Charles Dickens; with forty illustrations by Phiz and facsimile of wrapper to first part; a reprint of the edition corrected by the author in 1869, with an introduction, biographical and bibliographical, by Charles Dickens the younger. at the United States Library of Congress
  30. ^ Catalog record for Little Dorrit, by Charles Dickens, with forty illustrations by Phiz. A reprint of the first ed. with an introduction, biographical and bibliographical, by Charles Dickens, the younger. at the United States Library of Congress
  31. ^ Personal reminiscences of Charles Dickens. WorldCat. OCLC 34707966. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  32. ^ Donald Hawes (13 May 2007). Charles Dickens. A&C Black. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-8264-8963-0.
  33. ^ Worldcat.org, editions of Dickens's Dictionary of London
  34. ^ Worldcat.org, editions of Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames (search with typo "Dicken" finds more results, both with and without typo)
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