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Miss Major Griffin-Gracy

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Miss Major Griffin-Gracy
photograph
Miss Major at San Francisco Pride in 2014
Born (1940-10-25) October 25, 1940 (age 84)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
OccupationActivist
OrganizationTransgender Gender Variant Intersex Justice Project
Known forTransgender activism
TitleExecutive director
Children4
Awards

Miss Major Griffin-Gracy (born October 25, 1940), often referred to as Miss Major, is a trans woman activist and community leader for transgender rights, with a particular focus on women of color. She served as the original Executive Director for the Transgender Gender Variant Intersex Justice Project, which aims to assist transgender persons, who are disproportionately incarcerated under the prison-industrial complex.[3][4] Griffin-Gracy has participated in activism for a wide range of causes throughout her lifetime, including the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City.

Early life

Griffin-Gracy was born in the South Side of Chicago on October 25, 1940,[5] and was assigned male at birth.[6] Griffin-Gracy participated in drag balls during her youth, and described her experience in Chicago in a 1998 interview:

[The drag balls] were phenomenal! It was like going to the Oscars show today. Everybody dressed up. Guys in tuxedos, queens in gowns that you would not believe— I mean, things they would have been working on all year...And the straight people would come and watch, they were different than the ones who come today. They just appreciated what was going on.[7]

Griffin-Gracy also believed that, at the time, she and her peers were unaware they were questioning the gender they were assigned at birth, and noted that much of the contemporary terminology surrounding gender identities did not exist.[7] Miss Major reported that she came out as a teenager in the late 1950s.[7]

As a teenager, Griffin-Gracy was met with a lot of criticism and maltreatment from her peers. In a radio interview, she recalls the need for someone to always be by her side in order to avoid situations where her peers could single her out and violently attack her.[8]

Transitioning

During her period of transitioning, Griffin-Gracy relied on the black market for her hormones. Over twenty years, she suffered from homelessness and participated in sex work.[6] She also participated in other illegal activities, including theft, in order to support herself.[9]

Family

Griffin-Gracy has four sons. Christopher was born in 1978. Her three other sons were adopted into her family after meeting them in a California park. The boys were runaways, and had meals together with Griffin-Gracy and her biological son.[9]

Activism work

New York City

After having been kicked out of two colleges for the outward expression of her identity,[8] Griffin-Gracy moved from Chicago to New York City. While some organizations, including gay bars in the city, would deny entry to trans women,[10][11] she established herself within an LGBT community associated with the Stonewall Inn, a bar in Greenwich Village. She recounted, "We could go to Stonewall and everything would be fine, we didn't have to explain ourselves."[10]

On June 27, 1969, Griffin-Gracy was in the Stonewall Inn meeting with a girlfriend when the bar was raided,[10] an action which initiated the Stonewall riots.[12] Griffin-Gracy was a leader in the riots,[13] but was struck on her head by a police officer and was taken into custody. While in prison, she reported that a corrections officer broke her jaw.[6]

She had a five-year sentence at Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora for a burglary conviction where she met Frank "Big Black" Smith who had participated in the Attica Correctional Facility riots of 1971.[9] The two of them communicated regularly during her time there, him showing her great respect despite her gender identity. Smith talked Griffin-Gracy through the information that she needed to really help her community—to fix a problem rather than mask it.[8] She was released from Dannemora in 1974[9] with new hope for her community.[8]

California

Griffin-Gracy moved to San Diego in 1978 and organized community efforts and grassroots movements. She initially started with work at a local food bank and later provided direct services for trans women who were incarcerated, suffering from addiction, or homeless.[10] While in San Diego, the AIDS epidemic struck the United States, and as a part of her service, Griffin-Gracy found herself providing additional healthcare and multiple funerals each week.[10] Griffin-Gracy then moved to the San Francisco Bay Area in the mid 1990s where she served on multiple HIV/AIDS organizations including the Tenderloin AIDS Resource Center.[14][15]

In 2003, Griffin-Gracy began working at the Transgender Gender Variant Intersex Justice Project (TGIJP) shortly after it was founded by Alex Lee,[3] although sometimes she is credited as the founder.[16] She served as the Executive Director of the project,[17] leading efforts to support transgender women who have been imprisoned, particularly women of color.[18] Both within her organization and without, she has fought against criminalization and police brutality.[8] She is credited for leading direct service efforts and personalized care to incarcerated trans women of color with TGIJP in addition to her leadership in previous organizations.[10]

General views

Griffin-Gracy views the state of being transgender or genderqueer as one of "living outside the law"[19] due to constant rejection from mainstream audiences, particularly in pursuing job or education opportunities. She also argues that while many people with transgender and queer identities are not imprisoned, their identities and means of expression are policed through social behavior and state policies.[19] She frequently cites the prison industrial complex as a major factor in why transgender people are incarcerated, specifically people of color and those with low income.[19]

Griffin-Gracy has discussed the need for activism for transgender persons based in part on stories of discrimination from others. She herself began her journey as a trans activist after being made aware of how many young trans women were being murdered with no response from the world around them.[8] In the 1970s, a friend named Puppy, a Puerto Rican trans woman and sex worker, was found dead in her own apartment.[6][10] Griffin-Gracy held that there was evidence of a murder, but authorities ruled her death a suicide.[6] Griffin-Gracy described the event and its impact on her in an interview:

Puppy's murder made me aware that we were not safe or untouchable and that if someone does touch us, no one gives a shit. We only have each other...So I started looking out for myself … whenever we got into a car [we] would write down as much information as possible. We would try (to)...get a guy to walk outside the car so that everyone could see him, so we all knew who he was if she didn't come back. That's how it started. Since no one was going to do it for us, we had to do it for ourselves.[6]

This outlook has fueled much of her activism to date.[6]

Griffin-Gracy has frequently criticized the LGBT movement based on its exclusion of transgender persons from participation and positions of leadership, particularly trans people of color, those with low income, and those who have been previously imprisoned.[6][10][20]

Feminism

Griffin-Gracy is a self-proclaimed feminist. Her view of feminism is a woman's ability to be both strong and sensitive, and to do so proudly.[21] She made the decision to identify as a feminist when people began questioning her as a parent.[21]

She focuses her activism on the safety of young trans women today, a liberal feminist approach.[8] She has noted that her favorite aspect of activist work is the education and hope that it provides to the women in her community.[21] She wishes for the simplest human rights for trans youth, saying:

I'd like for the girls to get a chance to be who they are. For young transgender people to go to school, learn like everyone else does, and then get out there and live their lives, not afraid or thinking that the only solution for them is death.[9]

In addition to her focus on basic human rights, Miss Major advocates for radical change in her community. She strives to bring attention to the intersectionality of poverty, race, and gender in situations related to incarceration, employment, and mental and physical health.[6] She draws inspiration for her activism from Elizabeth Taylor and Angela Davis.[21]

Documentary

A documentary titled Major! was released in 2015 and portrays Griffin-Gracy's role as an activist and mentor in the transgender community since the 1960s.[22][23] She describes the film as not only a tool to present to young trans women their history, but as a reminder for herself that young women still need her help.[8]

References

  1. ^ "Prime Timers: A New Age for Activism". Advocate.com. Here Media Inc. August 27, 2013. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  2. ^ Laird, Cynthia. "News Briefs: API gala honors trans advocate, drag diva". Bay Area Reporter. BAR, Inc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  3. ^ a b Donahue, Jayden (2011). "Making it Happen, Mama: A Conversation with Miss Major". In Stanley, Eric A.; Smith, Nat (eds.). Captive genders : trans embodiment and the prison industrial complex. Oakland, CA: AK Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-1849350709. LCCN 2014497053. OCLC 669754832. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  4. ^ "TGI Justice documentary about the Prison Industrial Complex". TGI Justice. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  5. ^ Donahue 2011, p. 267.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Stern, Jessica. "This is What Pride Looks Like: Miss Major and the Violence, Poverty, and Incarceration of Low-Income Transgender Women". The Scholar & Feminist Online. Fall 2011/Spring 2012 (10.1 – 10.2). Barnard Center for Research on Women. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  7. ^ a b c Stryker, Susan (2008). Transgender history. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0786741366.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h "MAJOR! celebrates trans 'mama' Miss Major Griffin-Gracy". CBC Radio. June 3, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  9. ^ a b c d e Wong, Julia Carrie (July 22, 2015). "Miss Major: The Bay Area's Trans Formative Matriarch". SF Weekly. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Owen, Elliot (June 26, 2014). "Life of activism shaped trans woman's compassion". Bay Area Reporter. BAR, Inc. Archived from the original on March 25, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  11. ^ Hines, Sally (2013). Gender diversity, recognition and citizenship : towards a politics of difference. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 33. ISBN 978-1137318879. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
  12. ^ Brydum, Sunnivie (October 24, 2013). "Does the Stonewall Commemorative Plaque Erase Trans People's Role in Riots?". Advocate.com. Here Media Inc. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
  13. ^ Richie, Andrea J. (2012). "LIVING THE LEGACY OF RHONDA COPELON" (PDF). CUNY Law Review. 15: 258. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
  14. ^ Califia-Rice, Patrick (2001). Speaking sex to power: the politics of pleasure and perversity (1st ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: Cleis. p. 142. ISBN 1573441325.
  15. ^ Delley, James W., ed. (1997). "Clearinghouse: Transgender Issues". Focus: A Guide to AIDS Research. 13. University of California, San Francisco: 5.
  16. ^ Donahue 2011, p. 268.
  17. ^ "TGI Justice Staff and Leadership". TGI Justice. Archived from the original on March 27, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  18. ^ Lydon, Jason (2012). Daring, C.B.; Rogue, J.; Shannon, Deric; Volcano, Abbey (eds.). Queering anarchism: Addressing and undressing power and desire. Preface by Martha Acklesberg. Oakland, CA: AK Press. p. 192. ISBN 9781849351201. LCCN 2012914347. OCLC 783151680.
  19. ^ a b c Katen, Arlyn (Summer 2013). "Book Review: Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex". Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice. 28 (2): 313. doi:10.15779/Z387P8TC6H.
  20. ^ Donahue 2011, p. 277.
  21. ^ a b c d "#31Days of Feminism: Miss Major Griffin-Gracy". NBC. NBC News. March 10, 2016. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
  22. ^ Nichols, James (February 10, 2013). "'MAJOR!' Filmmakers Annalise Ophelian And StormMiguel Florez Discuss Transgender Documentary". Huffington Post. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
  23. ^ King, Jamilah. "Activists Work to Finish Film About Transgender Elder Miss Major". Colorlines.com. Colorlines Press. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
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