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Castros in Portugal

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Main article: Castro culture

A castro is a fortified settlement, usually pre-Roman. These are frequently found in Portugal, usually in the North, but can also be found elsewhere. The word castro comes from the Latin castrum, which means "hill fort".

Northwestern Castro Network

Castro houses reconstructed by Martins Sarmento at the Citânia de Briteiros

The Northwestern Castro Network (Rede de Castros do Noroeste), was established in 2015 grouping the most important sites in Northern Portugal as founding members out of 2,000 archaeological sites:

Despite its name, the network includes, for the time being, only Portuguese partners, and froze the idea to world heritage candidacy to UNESCO, given the disparities in archaeological research, and the necessity to create visitation and promotion conditions. This is especially true in the municipality of Vila do Conde, which holds Cividade de Bagunte, one of the largest sites, along with seven other castros. The Vila do Conde city hall managed to obtain its Cividade's land area only in 2015, after 60 years of negotiations and legal confrontation.[1]

Lists of Castros in Portugal

Name Municipality Region Initial occupation period Last occupation period
Citânia de Briteiros Guimarães North Atlantic Bronze Age[2] High Middle Ages[2]
Citânia de Sanfins Paços de Ferreira North
Citânia de Santa Luzia Viana do castelo North
Cividade de Âncora Caminha North
Cividade de Bagunte Vila do Conde North
Cividade de Terroso Póvoa de Varzim North Bronze Age[3] Classical antiquity[4]
Castro de Alvarelhos Trofa North
Castro de Castelo Velho Alandroal Alentejo Chalcolithic[5] Early Middle Ages[5]
Castro de Carmona Barcelos North
Castro de Chibanes Palmela Lisboa Chalcolithic[6] Early Middle Ages[7]
Castro de Cidadelhe Mesão Frio North
Castro da Cola Ourique Alentejo
Castro de Eiras Vila Nova de Famalicão North
Castro de Monte Castelo Matosinhos North
Castro de Monte Mozinho Penafiel North
Castro de Monte Valinhas Arouca North
Castro de Sacóias Bragança North
Castro de São Julião Vila Verde North
Castro de São Lourenço Esposende North
Castro of Vieito Viana do Castelo North
Castro de Vila Nova de São Pedro Azambuja Alentejo
Castro de Zambujal Torres Vedras Center
Cabeço do Vouga Águeda Center
Outeiro de Baiões São Pedro do Sul Center
Outeiro de Cárcoda São Pedro do Sul Center
Outeiro Carvalhelhos Boticas North
Outeiro Lesenho Boticas North
Outeiro do Pópulo Alijó North
Outeiro de Romariz Santa Maria da Feira North

References

  1. ^ "Região Norte quer valorizar património castrejo" (in Portuguese). CMPV. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  2. ^ a b Francisco Sande Lemos & Gonçalo Correida da Cruz (2007)
  3. ^ Flores Gomes, José Manuel & Carneiro, Deolinda: Subtus Montis Terroso. CMPV (2005), "Cultura castreja - A Cividade de Terroso", pp.97-131
  4. ^ Flores Gomes, José Manuel & Carneiro, Deolinda: Subtus Montis Terroso CMPV (2005), "Origens do Povoamento" pp.74-76
  5. ^ a b Amendoeira, Paula (1999), SIPA (ed.), Povoado fortificado de Castelo Velho/Castro de Castelo Velho (IPA.00008904/PT040701050001) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 10 April 2017
  6. ^ Pereira, Vera; Soares, Joaquina; Tavares da Silva, Carlos (2017). "Understanding the First Chalcolithic Communities of Estremadura: Zooarchaeology of Castro de Chibanes, Portugal. Preliminary Results". Papers from the Institute of Archaeology. 27. doi:10.5334/pia-483.
  7. ^ "Castro de Chibanes". Palmela Municipality. Retrieved 10 May 2019.